臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
在鋼軌焊接的過程中，尤其在鐵路沿線施作時，常常因為各種因素，致鋼軌焊道產生瑕疵而使焊接強度不足，當列車行進時，便極易於該處發生斷軌，導致行車事故。本研究規劃以超音波先行檢測鋼軌焊道瑕疵，再以破壞試驗壓斷鋼軌焊道斷面，檢視其瑕疵狀況，再與超音波之檢測結果比較，檢討超音波在鋼軌焊道檢測的可行性。由試驗結果顯示，超音波確實可檢測出鋼軌焊道之瑕疵深度，不但可應用於工廠焊道的先行檢測，避免抽樣進行破壞試驗的不確定性，對於鐵路沿線的現場施作，更能掌握其焊道品質，有效的提升行車安全。

Abstract
In the welding process of steel rails, especially on-site welding, many unexpected factors may lead to the presence of flaws in the weld bead that reduce the load-carrying capacity of the wielding joints and possibly causes the break of the joints as trains pass through. The study presented in this thesis involves a nondestructive inspection on the welding joints with the ultrasonic technique and a destructive test on the welded specimens to check the welding quality of the cross section. The objective of the study is to examine the possibility of utilizing the ultrasonic technique for nondestructively locating the flaws in the weld bead in advance. The nondestructive inspection is verified by a destructive test. The experimental results show that the ultrasonic technique is capable of detecting flaws in the rail weld bead. Therefore, the ultrasonic evaluation can be applied in the factory to reduce the amount of destructive tests. In addition, the ultrasonic evaluation can also be applied in site to check the welding quality and improve the safety of train movement.

目次
摘要け
Abstract げ
第一章　緒論1
1.1、前言 1
1.2、研究動機與目的2
1.3、研究範圍3
第二章　文獻回顧4
2.1、超音波簡介4
2.2、器材及設備4
第三章　超音波探傷的發展與理論7
3.1、超音波產生之原理7
3.2、超音波檢測方法15
第四章　實驗內容24
4.1、50N鋼軌簡介24
4.2、儀器設備25
4.3、人工缺陷規塊製作26
4.4、儀器校正27
4.5、儀器檢測36
4.6、超音波對50N鋼軌焊道檢測的探討38
第五章　實際檢測之標準作業程式與結果討論40
5.1、超音波在鋼軌焊道檢驗標準作業程式40
5.2、檢測情形40
5.3、進行破壞試驗41
5.4、結果討論46
第六章　結論與建議 47
6.1、結論 47
6.2、建議 48
參考書目49

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