臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣白鼻心( Paguma larvata taivana, Formosan gem-faceed civet, Masked palm civet)，俗名又叫白鼻貓、果子貍、花面貍、烏腳貓、茅尾烏腳香等係屬台灣本土特有亞種。雖被列為保育動物，但在台灣民間仍有大規模的飼養，培育以作為寵物來源。目前對其生殖方面在前人報告僅涉及其分娩月份分佈、產子數與懷孕日數等生態研究，對於相關之生殖資料仍是缺乏。因此，本文乃針對雌性白鼻心生殖活動中之動情週期進行血清內泌素，外生殖器型態及陰道上皮細胞學的週期變化之觀察，並配合超音波影像學來探討其動情週期及姙娠期卵巢及子宮變化。期望能建立完整且可信之雌性白鼻心生殖模式，以提供未來人工輔助生殖及相關生殖醫學參考。
綜合三個主題研究發現，雌性白鼻心之生殖模式屬於多發情(每年約13個動情週期)且為非典型之季節性繁殖動物。其主要繁殖季節為春天與夏天，研究並發現動情週期可分為18天與28天兩型，且以18天型為主。其動情週期中存在著約7天長度的濾泡期以及兩種不同長度之黃體期(動情間期)。在動情週期中，子宮角於濾泡期受到內泌素影響造成子宮壁之充血腫脹而有明顯變寬，直徑上較黃體期為寬；且濾泡期的濾泡發育影響卵巢之縱軸變寬，而黃體期的黃體的發育則影響卵巢橫軸變化。卵巢總面積，於進入濾泡期逐漸增大，進入黃體期則漸減。動情週期中濾泡期約佔整個週期的三分之一，且於濾泡期之極期(D7-D8，D0=陰戶外觀開始紅腫當天)出現明顯之濾泡黃體樣後再排卵。此時在陰戶外觀呈現外突且多黏液現象。由配種試驗之結果亦証實此時為其最佳配種時機。由血清助孕素濃度發現，卵巢上之濾泡成熟後應該直接轉為黃體，且於懷孕期第3週達到高峰，第4週後緩慢下降，直至分娩達基礎值。白鼻心並沒有類似犬貓有假懷孕現象。胎囊由配種後第2週開始出現，第3週已見胚塊(embryonic mass)，第4-4.5週則可完整見到胎兒脊柱形體與心臟搏動，胎囊於第4週起急速增大，在此期胎兒亦急速增長。胎囊之增大雖縱徑、橫徑皆會增加但以橫徑延長為主而縱徑為輔，故胎囊於後期形成長橢圓型，6週後已完成所有身體之構造與內臟系統。綜言之，本文已首度建立雌性白鼻心整個動情週期之內在與外在生殖變化、配種適期與胚胎發育之基本資料；並同時建立相關內泌學及影像學資訊，這將有助於白鼻心在未來繁殖醫學上的應用。

Formosan gem-faceed civet (Masked palm civet, Paguma larvata taivana) are classified to be endemic sub-species of Paguma larvata, but reared with folk on the farm, and regarded as pet''s animals in Taiwan. Recent reports documented the distributions of birth month, litter size and the gestation period of this species. Little about their reproductive physiology has been reported. This study was designed to investigate the reproductive pattern based on profiles of the endocrinology, physiology and genitalia ultrosonography in the female Formosan gem-faced civets.
Serial studies discovered that female Formosan gem-faced civets exhibited non-seasonal polyestrous cycles (approximately 13 cycles/year). Estrous cycles demonstrated two types: 18-day and 28-day by sera progesterone and estradiol fluctuations and corresponding changes in vulva morphology and vaginal cytology, with follicular phase and two distinct durations of luteal phases (diestrus). The 18-day type of estrous cycle was dominant. Ultrasonography revealed that changes of ovarian morphology and uterine conformation are associated with fluctuations of estradiol and progesterone both in follicular and luteal phases. Diameter of uterus horn in follicle phase was wider than that in the luteal phase. It was affected by estradiol, causing swelling and edema of the uterine body. Follicles growth during the follicle phase resulted in the wider vertical diameter while during luteal phase it was elongated in the transverse diameter of the ovary. The area of ovary during follicle phase was greater than that in the luteal phase, significantly. The period of follicle phase lasted approximately one third of the estrous cycle. On the D7-D8 of estrous cycle, follicle was luteinized prior to ovulation while the vulva became extruded and showed more mucous. Results of breeding trials concluded that the optimal breeding time was loacted in D7 or D8 of estrous cycle. The follicles were transferred to corpus lutea following natural matings. Concentration of sera progesterone was persistently increased to peak in the 3rd week of gestation period and gradually declined after the 4th week, to the basal level nearby the parturition. Pseudopregnancy is unlikely exisitng in the civet. The gestational sac could be monitored from the 2nd week onward, and the embryonic mass was seen in the 3rd week, fetus'' backbone and heart beat were observed in the 4th week later. Growth of the gestational sac was significantly increased after 4th week. The gestational sac was characterized as an oval feature. Starting the 6th week, all visceral systems were visible by ultrosonography. This study was the first report to establish the estrous and reproductive pattern in the female Formosan gem-faced civet. Relevant information could be beneficial to future assisted breeding and gynecologic medicine in Formosan Gem-Faced civets.

目 錄
目錄 І
表次 IV
圖次 V
中文總摘要 VII
英文總摘要 VIII
緒言 1
第一章、文獻探討 2-15
第一節、 一般家畜繁殖模式 2
第二節、血中內泌素與繁殖之關係 8
第三節、犬貓假懷孕之比較 13
第四節、目前已知之白鼻心生殖相關研究 15
第二章、雌性白鼻心動情週期型態研究 16-33
摘要 16
前言 17
材料與方法 18
結果 20
討論 30
英文摘要 33
第三章、雌性白鼻心動情週期間子宮與卵巢變化之超音波學
探討 34-53
摘要 34
前言 36
材料與方法 37
結果 40
討論 49
英文摘要 52
第四章、白鼻心配種試驗及妊娠各階段之超音波學探討 54-72
摘要 54
前言 55
材料與方法 56
結果 58
討論 69
英文摘要 72
結論 72-74
總參考文獻 75-80
附錄-本論文撰作者發表之相關著作 81-109
一、Ovarian Cycle of the Captive Formosan Gem-Faced
Civets(Paguma lavata taivana) 81-91
二、雌性白鼻心動情週期間子宮與卵巢之超音波學探討 92-97
三、以超音波學探討白鼻心卵巢功能性變化及配種試驗 98-105
四、其他發表相關著作 106-109
作者小傳 110

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