臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於近十年微機電技術的進步，微處理器晶片與無線電控制元件以及各種感測元件的體積與製造成本逐漸縮減到可以接受的範圍。這使得感測器網路領域的應用性越來越大。這些微小裝備成本能在我們可以接受的範圍內，以數以千計的數量佈署在我們需要的偵查範圍內，並且分散式處理計算觀察資料再回傳至基地。
在感測器網路中的節點，通常是體積微小的嵌入式設備，一般只能採用電池提供電力，節點的通訊功率與計算能力也十分有限，所以除了設計有效能的MAC協議、路由協議以及應用層協議以外，還必須要設計最佳化的網路topology控制機制。良好的topology結構能夠提高路由協議與MAC協議的效率，在資料的融合處理、時間同步以及目標定位等方面提供基礎。提高整個網路的效率以及生存時間。
本篇paper中比較目前主要的層次型topology控制演算法的特點，並實際執行了TopDisc三色演算法，另外針對TopDisc對於群組分配不均(尤其是四色演算法)提出了修正。利用子節點回報給父節點的封包，來得知自己是否缺少群組成員，避免出現類似黑色孤子的情況發生。最後為了讓上層應用在能夠在執行topology的同時，各種應用組件能流暢的替換，演算法組件也必須有一個符合TinyOS官方標準的Active Message的通訊介面。我們使用了TinyOS底下的apps程式做為範例，讓應用程式組件與通訊組件之安插一個介面。

Because of the progress of the electric technology of the microcomputer in nearly ten years, volume and manufacturing cost of microprocessor chips, radio control components and all kinds of sensor components reduce gradually to we can accept. This makes the application of the detecting device field popularize more and more. These equipments have small cost range we can accept, put thousands of quantities within the range of investigation which we need , calculates the observed data dispersing and then return data to the base.
Node in the detecting device network is usually the embedded equipment in small volume, It can only generally use the battery to get the energy. Because the node power of communication and computing capability are very limited, except that design MAC protocol with efficiency, route protocol and use one layer of protocol, must also design the network topology controlling mechanism of the optimization. Good topology structure can raise the efficiency of the route protocol and MAC protocol and marking the target’s position. This can improve efficiency of the whole network and existence time.
we compare characteristic of the main algorithm at present in this paper, and we has implemented Three-Colors Algorithm of TopDisc actually. In addition, we propose revising for TopDisc (especially Four-Colors Algorithms) assigns groups unevenly. Utilizing the sub node reported a package to the parents node, It can find if lack group members or not to avoid the situation the single black node in one group. In order to application components can be replaced smooth when top application floor building the topology. The algorithm components must have a communication interface which accords with TinyOS official Active Message standard. We use some programs in apps of TinyOS for example, let A interface is inserted between communication components and application program components.

摘要 IV
ABSTRACT V
目錄 VI
圖目表 VII
表目錄 VIII
第一章 導論 1
1.1 背景 1
1.2 研究背景與發展動機 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 背景知識 4
2.1 WSN之程式語言與作業系統 4
2.2 Network Embedded System C 4
2.2.1 Component 5
2.2.2 Interface 7
2.2.3 Wiring 8
2.2.4 Task 10
2.3 Topology Control 11
2.3.1 Power Control 12
2.3.2 Topology structure Control 15
第三章 系統實行 25
3.1 Active Message Module 25
3.2 上層結構協定 28
3.3 程式設計 30
第四章 結論與未來展望 40

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