從台灣市場購得舒黨Su-Dangshen (Codonopsis tubulosa)和紋黨Wun-Dang.(C. pilosula)，分別用水萃取後，再經solid phase extraction (SPE) 濃縮乾燥，利用核磁共振光譜儀(1H-NMR)分析時，從舒黨發現兩個新四級銨鹽codotubulosine A和codotubulosine B 生物鹼。
本篇論文將台灣及中國大陸市場收集各類黨參樣品共42個，利用1H-NMR分析定量各樣品中codotubulosine A、codotubulosine B 生物鹼及adenosine 和5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural之含量。分析結果在黨參、素花黨參、川黨參中以codotubulosine A 為主要成分，在管花黨參中以codotubulosine A 和B 為主要成分，新疆黨參、羊乳、金錢豹和球花黨參均未發現 codotubulosine A 和 B；目前台灣及中國大陸市場常用藥材，將黨參、舒黨、素花黨參和川黨參視為主要商品。因此本論文將codotubulosine A 和 B生物鹼，建議作為黨參之指標成分。
利用SPE結合1H-NMR可快速鑑定市售黨參藥材的品種，且可同時定量分析所含的黨參codotubulosine A、codotubulosine B生物鹼及adenosine 和5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural 成分的含量。
以1H-NMR作為分析工具，提供一快速、準確、方便的分析方法同時定性定量黨參生物鹼類似物。並且本方法可以應用於市售藥物、黨參製品及食品的檢驗

Su-Dangshen (Codonopsis tubulosa) and Wun-Dang.(C. pilosula), purchased from Taiwanese market, were individually extracted by water. The water extract was quantitatively analysed by 1H-NMR after manual solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure. Furthermore, two novel alkaloids, codotubulosine A and B were also isolated from C. tubulosa .
Using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of codotubulosine A, codotubulosine B, adenosine and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural was successfully developed toward each of the 42 samples of Codonopsis herbs which were collected from Taiwan and Mainland China. The result of our analysis reveals that codotubulosine A is the major constituent in C. pilosula, C. pilosula var. modesta and C. tangshen, while codotubulosine A and B were found to be the major constituents in C. tubulosa, but both compounds were not discovered in C. clematidea, C. lanceolota, Campanumoea javanica and C. subglobosa. Up to the present, C. pilosula, C. pilosula var. modesta, C. tangshen and C. tubulosa (Su-Dang.) were available traditional herbs on the market in Taiwan and China. The marker components, codotubulosine A and B, were proposed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Codonopsis.
A rapid identification of the species of Codonopsis by 1H-NMR spectroscopy using manual solid phase extraction (SPE) as a pre-treatment allowed the quantitative analysis of codotubulosine A, codotubulosine B, adenosine and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural.
1H-NMR can be used as an analytical tool, and it provides a rapid, accurate, and convenient method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of alkaloid derivatives from Dangshen. This method can also be applied to the analysis of commercial pharmaceutics or related products as well as dietary supplements.

誌謝
英文摘要…….………………………………………………………..…..………….Ⅰ
中文摘要…….………………………………………………………………….…….II
第一章 緒論………………….……………………………………………..……….1
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………....……3
第一節 黨參的使用………………………………………………………..……..3
第二節 黨參植物的介紹……………………………………………….…..…….5
第三節 黨參在中藥製劑中的應用與主治…………………………………..…10
第四節 黨參的化學成分……………………………………………….….……13
第五節 黨參藥理活性………………………………………………….….……24
第六節黨參分析方法回顧……………………..…………………………..……29
第三章 研究目的…………………………………………………………….….…31
第四章 研究方法……………………………………………………………..……34
第一節 實驗使用儀器及藥品……………………………………………..……34
第二節黨參四級銨鹽生物鹼的分離…..…………………………………..……36
第三節黨參四級銨鹽生物鹼的分析…… ………………………………...……37
第四節1H-NMR操作條件………………………………………………...……38
第五章 結果與討論…………………………………………………….…….……39
第一節 實驗構想…………………………………………………….…….……39
第二節 黨參codotubulosine Aand B 生物鹼分離…………………...…..……41
第三節 黨參成分1H-NMR分析訊號確認…………………………………….51
第四節 結果與分析…………………………...………………………..….……69
第六章 結論……………………………………………………………..…………77
附錄一 黨參生物鹼各式分析方法優缺比較…………………………....….….…79
附錄二 各黨參400 MHz 1H-NMR圖譜……………..………………….…..……80
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………101

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