臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

《事情的真象》為格雷安﹒格林最具爭議性的小說。 其故事內容敘述一個天主教高階警官（史柯比）在犯下姦淫的罪及一連串違法罪行後選擇自殺，因為他以為他是為了救贖別人免於苦難而犧牲生命。 該書之主角的天主教身份引發批評家以神學觀點評論此書，史柯比之獲救贖或遭毀滅的無盡論戰於焉展開。 該小說於1948年出版後批評家將主要的注意力集中於神學的辯論，然而格林寫本書的目的卻是企圖描述「驕傲」這個人性特質的摧毀力。 我的論文意圖澄清史柯比不應被視為面臨神學困境的抉擇，因為他是一名平信徒且缺乏真正的神學訓練；而應該以性格缺陷的悲劇主角來探討。 他的性格缺陷不僅傷害他所愛的人最後也毀了他自己的生命。
第一章縱觀各家評論以了解本小說初問世時批評家們以史柯比之得救贖或遭詛咒為基調所做的論戰。接著提出格林的辯護，澄清其創作本小說的動機乃是意圖描繪一個人性特質「驕傲」及其摧毀力。 第二章闡明史柯比並非捨己為人的聖徒而是一個軟弱的人有著多項性格弱點：自我中心、驕傲、悲觀及懦弱。 而其性格缺點導致他的死亡。 在第三章我將探討史柯比的妻子露意絲、 他的情婦海倫以及他的僕人阿里都是其性格缺失的受害人。 露意絲及海倫成為史柯比的受害者因為她們被剝奪了為自己做主的權利，她們被看輕、被剝奪個性。 而阿里成為受害人因為史柯比的懷疑使他喪生。在第四章的總結裡我將再次強調格林在寫作時他所熱衷的是描繪人性特質，讀者閱讀其作品時總是能感同身受而對故事中人產生同情。 又因每個讀者各自對人生經歷不同，對書中人物自有不同的詮釋。對我而言，我認為史柯比不能面對自己的性格問題並改善是件可惜的事。他的死固然是一個悲劇，但他活著時所過的悲苦人生本身也是一個悲劇。

Graham Greene’s most controversial novel The Heart of the Matter is a story about how a high-ranked Catholic policeman (Scobie) who commits adultery and series of crimes ends in killing himself because he believes that he is sacrificing his life to save others from misery. The protagonist’s Catholic identity leads critics to criticize the novel through theological point, thus endless debates on Scobie’s salvation or damnation starts. When the novel was published in 1949, critics put their major attention on theological debate, while Greene meant in the novel to depict how "pride" - a human nature -destroys. My thesis is to clarify that Scobie is not to be interpreted as a theological dilemma, since he is a layman in lack of real theological training, but a character who is a tragic protagonist of character flaws. His character flaws not only hurt people he loves but also destroys his own life in the end.
Chapter One contains a critical overview to see how critics argued based on Scobie’s salvation or damnation. Along with the critics’ opinions is Greene’s clarification on his real purpose of writing the novel: to write on a human character – pride – and its power of destruction. Chapter Two is to illustrate that Scobie is not a saint who sacrifice his life to save people but a weak man with various character flaws, i.e. egotism, pride, pessimism and cowardice. And his character flaws cause his death. In Chapter Three I will discuss that Scobie’s wife Louise, his mistress Helen and his servant Ali are all the victims of his character weakness. Louise and Helen are Scobie’s victims because they are deprived of their right to make decision for themselves and thus are belittled and depersonalized, while Ali is a victim because he loses his life out of Scobie’s fear that he knows too much. Chapter Four is a conclusion in which I will stress that Greene’s interest in writing is to depict human nature, and when reading his novels we have compassion with the protagonists and relate ourselves with the story, thus we have different interpretation based on different life experience. To me, I think it is a pity that Scobie fails to face his character problems and correct it. His death is sure a tragedy. However, the way the life he leads causes himself and others so much grief is no less tragic.

Chapter I Introduction…………………………………………1
Chapter II Scobie’s Character Flaws That Cause His Death………15
Chapter III Victims of Scobie’s Character Flaws…………52
Chapter IV Conclusion…………………………..92
Works Cited …………………………………………102

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