臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

許多人相信科技的快速發展正改變我們的生活。本論文我們檢驗不同中文電腦輸入法對中文字處理的影響來探討科技如何改變我們的心智與大腦。中文電腦輸入法可分為三類：字音輸入、字形輸入及字音字形輸入。在字音輸入法中，使用者需要了解中文字所有相關的聲音訊息（聲母、介音、韻母及聲調）並特定的順序輸入他們（由左至右）。例：為了得到「桌」這個字，使用者必須以ㄓ-ㄨ-ㄛ及一聲的順序輸入。而在字形輸入法，使用者必須了解中文字特定的字形結構並以特定的順序輸入。例：為了得到「桌」這個字，使用者必須以卜-日-木的順序輸入。中文使用者通常只用一種輸入法來打字，我們想要了解長期使用特定輸入法是否會改變其處理中文字的方法。更精確地說，我們假設慣用倉頡（字形輸入法）使用者可能會變得對中文字的字形比較敏感，而慣用注音（字音輸入法）使用者會則會變得對中文字的字音較敏感。實驗一，我們要求慣用倉頡及注音的受試者在看到促發字後唸出目標字。目標字與促發字之間有些字的部件相關有些沒有。先前的研究發現形似相關的促發字會抑制對目標字的反應，也就是所謂的形似抑制效果。我們假設倉頡受試者會比注音受試者有較大的形似抑制效果，實驗結果符合我們的假設。倉頡受試者的形似抑制效果（34 ms）較注音受試者（11 ms）大。倉頡受試者的唸字反應也較注音受試者慢，但未達顯著差異。實驗二，我們要求倉頡及注音使用者去判斷連續呈現的兩個字是否有字形相同、聲母相同或韻母相同。在字形判斷測驗上，兩組受試者的差異未達顯著，但是在字音（聲母及韻母）判斷測驗上，慣用倉頡受試者反應較慣用注音受試者慢（382 ms）、正確率也較低（5%）。本實驗結果發現長時間使用電腦輸入法的經驗與不同輸入法使用者處理中文字的方法有相關。我們推論科技的確會改變我們的心智。

Many people believe that the fast advancing technology is changing our lives. Here we investigated how technology is changing our mind by examining the effect of computer word-entry methods for Chinese on the mental processing of Chinese characters. Computer word-entry methods for Chinese come in three broad types: phonology-based, orthography-based, and both phonology- and orthography- based. With the phonology-based method, a typist needs to know the sounds of a character (onset, medial, rhyme, tone) and type them in a specified sequence (left to right) in order to get the character from the computer. For example, to get the character桌 (‘table’), the typist has to key in /zh/ (onset), /u/ (medial), /o/ (rhyme), and 1 (tone) in that order. With the orthography-based method, a typist needs to know the specific orthographic components of a character and type them in a specified sequence to get the character. For example, to get the same character桌, the typist has to key in /卜/, /日/, /木/ in that order. Chinese users usually learn one method and use it exclusively for computer word processing. We asked whether long-time experience with a particular word-entry method might modify the way Chinese users process Chinese characters. Specifically, we hypothesized that habitual Cangjie (an orthography-based method) users might become more sensitive to the orthography of the characters, whereas habitual Zhuyin (a phonology-based method) users might become more tuned to the phonology of the characters. In Experiment 1, habitual Cangjie and Zhuyin users were asked to name a character (target) which was preceded by another character (prime). The target character shared or did not share an orthographic component with the prime character. Previous research has established that a form-related prime would retard naming of the target word, an effect known as form-related inhibition. We predicted that habitual Cangjie users should experience greater form-related inhibition than habitual Zhuyin users. Results confirmed this prediction. Form-related inhibition was greater for the habitual Cangjie users (34 ms), than for the habitual Zhuyin users (11 ms). The Cangjie users also named characters somewhat more slowly than the Zhuyin users, but not reliably so statistically. In Experiment 2, habitual Cangjie and Zhuyin users were asked to judge whether two sequentially presented characters shared an orthographic component, shared the onset consonant, or shared the rhyme. No reliable difference was observed between the two kinds of users on the orthography judgment task. But, on the phonology judgment tasks (both onset and rhyme), the habitual Cangjie users responded more slowly (by 382 ms) and less accurately (by 5%) than the habitual Zhuyin users. The findings point to an interesting correlation between the long-time experience with a computer word-entry method and the way the users of different methods process Chinese characters. We conclude that technology does change our mind.

第一章 前言 1
1.1 科技對日常生活的影響 1
1.2 科技對認知的影響 2
1.3 電腦輸入法 3
1.4 電腦輸入法與中文字的認知處理 3
第二章 對中文字認知處理的研究 5
2.1 促發字彙判斷作業及促發唸名作業 5
2.2 具代表性的發現：字形促發及字音促發 6
2.3 不同電腦輸入法對中文字認知處理影響的研究 9
2.4 本研究的目的 11
第三章 實驗一：注音及倉頡受試者在唸名作業中的形似抑制效果 12
3.1 目的 12
3.2 方法 12
3.3 結果 15
3.4 討論 21
第四章 實驗二：注音及倉頡受試者對字形字音的判斷作業 22
4.1 目的 22
4.2 方法 22
4.3 結果 26
4.4 討論 33
第五章 結論與綜合討論 35
5.1 結果摘要 35
5.2 綜合討論 36
5.3 結論 37
5.4 對未來研究的建議 38
參考文獻 39
附錄一：唸名作業材料 41
附錄二：字形字音判斷作業材料 47
附錄三：受試者X促發類型的二因子變異數分析 (實驗一) 53
附錄四：受試者X字頻的二因子變異數分析 (實驗二：形似判斷) 54
附錄五：受試者X字頻的二因子變異數分析 (實驗二：聲母相同判斷) 55
附錄六：受試者X字頻的二因子變異數分析 (實驗二：韻母相同判斷) 56

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