臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

地理資訊系統對於各領域的相關應用技術已日趨成熟，然而目前GIS所提供的地籍資料仍屬於靜態的；相反地，地籍資料庫卻隨著時間的前進產生大量變動的資料。為了提升地籍管理的效率，在系統架構中注入時間的概念，結合時空的描述及分析以達成四維的空間資訊，讓此機制更廣泛地發揮在資料變動的時空過程與時空目標上，促進地籍資料管理績效的提升與發展。

本論文將討論與整合多個相關時空模型後，以時空資料庫為研究開端，結合快照模型及基態修正模型，並在時間軸上討論多變粒度儲存指標的索引方式。引入實際的地籍資料且加入自行模擬的地籍異動事件的描述記錄，來建置時態地籍資料庫以運用在地籍資料管理系統上。本研究進一步以時間、事件、空間及屬性為依據的時空整合查詢方式，來展現歷年地籍資料異動的情形，最後利用統計方法延伸其他加值服務，藉由客製化查詢結果與圖形展現成果，使地籍管理系統成為取得多目標地籍資訊的平台。

The evolution of GIS technology has been matured recently. Nevertheless, representations used in digital cadastral applications today usually exist in a static situation. Information contained within a database may be added-to or modified over time, but change through time is seldom maintained. In order to improve the efficiency and capacity of cadastral management, both spatial data and attribute data with their event time are stored in the four dimension framework. The spatial-temporal cadastral system provides the increasingly urgent need to understand geographical processes and cause-and-effect inter-relationships between human activities and the environment.

This thesis discusses the design of spatial-temporal data models for cadastral information management. STDB architecture for constructing a dynamic cadastral management system is presented. The approach takes advantages of both snapshot and base state with amendment model in STDB and adds the indexing method of storage factor of variable granularity. Furthermore, the research obtains materials from real cadastral data to exemplify these spatial-temporal query models. From the perspective of the history data and the combined query results have shown that the proposed STDB may significantly improve the efficiency and capabilities of spatial-temporal cadastral management system.

摘要 .................................................................................................................... i
Abstract............................................................................................................. iii
致謝 ................................................................................................................... v
目錄 ................................................................................................................. vii
表目錄 .............................................................................................................. xi
圖目錄 ............................................................................................................ xiii
第一章 緒論 ..................................................................................................... 1
§1-1 研究動機與目標 ............................................................................... 3
§1-2 研究流程與方法 ............................................................................... 4
§1-3 論文架構 ............................................................................................ 8
第二章 時空模型與時間索引之文獻回顧 ................................................... 11
§2-1 時間 .................................................................................................. 11
§2-1-1 時間的簡史 ........................................................................... 11
§2-1-2 時空資訊系統 ....................................................................... 13
§2-2 時空模型 .......................................................................................... 15
§2-2-1 時空立方模型 ....................................................................... 15
§2-2-2 快照模型................................................................................ 16
§2-2-3 基態修正模型 ....................................................................... 17
§2-2-4 時空混合模型 ....................................................................... 18
§2-2-5 基於事件的時空資料模型 ................................................... 19
§2-2-6 時空模型的比較與分析 ....................................................... 20
§2-3 時間索引 .......................................................................................... 21
§2-3-1 索引樹 .................................................................................... 22
§2-3-2 區段快速索引 ....................................................................... 22
§2-3-3 多變粒度儲存索引 ............................................................... 23
§2-4 時空資訊系統應用現況 .................................................................. 24
§2-4-1 ESRI 的Tuple-Timestamping ............................................... 25
§2-4-2 TimeMap ................................................................................ 26
§2-4-3 STEMgis ................................................................................ 27
第三章 目前地籍管理系統的發展與延伸 ................................................... 29
§3-1 地籍資料 .......................................................................................... 29
§3-1-1 地籍資料的變更 ................................................................... 32
§3-1-2 多邊形圖徵的生命週期 ....................................................... 34
§3-2 地籍資料查詢項目與路徑 .............................................................. 37
§3-2-1 查詢項目與架構 ................................................................... 37
§3-2-2 時空資料檢索 ...................................................................... 39
§3-3 國內外地籍管理系統案例 .............................................................. 40
§3-3-1 高雄市3G & 3D 動態地籍圖資網路服務 ......................... 40
§3-3-2 蒙大拿州地籍圖資系統 ...................................................... 42
§3-4 歷史資料追溯與統計資料推估 ...................................................... 45
§3-4-1 歷史資料的追溯 ................................................................... 45
§3-4-2 統計資料的推估 ................................................................... 46
第四章 地籍資料管理之時空模型設計 ....................................................... 49
§4-1 時空資料庫 ...................................................................................... 49
§4-1-1 時空模型............................................................................... 50
§4-1-2 多變粒度大小調整 ............................................................... 50
§4-1-3 資料庫設計 ........................................................................... 51
§4-1-4 後端資料運作流程 ............................................................... 53
§4-2 地籍屬性設計及ER-model ............................................................ 54
§4-2-1 屬性表格............................................................................... 56
§4-2-2 時間表格............................................................................... 57
§4-2-3 事件表格............................................................................... 57
§4-2-4 幾何表格............................................................................... 58
§4-2-5 關係表格............................................................................... 58
§4-3 互動性查詢系統 ............................................................................. 59
§4-3-1 查詢項目與路徑設計 .......................................................... 59
§4-3-2 時空地籍查詢系統架構 ...................................................... 60
第五章 系統開發細部設計與資料庫建置 ................................................... 65
§5-1 系統開發與功能架構 ...................................................................... 65
§5-1-1 系統開發分析與比較 ........................................................... 65
§5-1-2 系統功能架構 ....................................................................... 69
§5-2 測試資料的建置 .............................................................................. 71
§5-2-1 地籍測試資料 ...................................................................... 72
§5-2-2 輔助圖層資料 ...................................................................... 76
§5-3 系統功能模組 .................................................................................. 77
§5-3-1 地圖伺服器模組 ................................................................... 78
§5-3-2 地籍查詢模組 ...................................................................... 79
§5-3-3 時間軸展現模組 ................................................................... 80
§5-3-4 鄰界延伸資訊模組 ............................................................... 81
§5-3-5 加值服務模組 ....................................................................... 82
§5-4 系統服務介面 .................................................................................. 83
§5-4-1 系統客戶端介面設計 ........................................................... 83
§5-4-2 地圖展現設計 ....................................................................... 84
第六章 系統測試與分析 ............................................................................... 87
§6-1 系統測試環境 ................................................................................. 87
§6-2 系統功能測試 ................................................................................. 89
§6-2-1 單一屬性查詢 ....................................................................... 90
§6-2-2 複合屬性查詢 ....................................................................... 94
§6-2-3 時間軸展現 ........................................................................... 96
§6-2-4 鄰界宗地查詢 ....................................................................... 98
§6-2-5 加值服務應用 ..................................................................... 100
§6-3 測試成果分析與討論 ................................................................... 102
§6-3-1 時空架構下的地籍查詢成果 ............................................ 102
§6-3-2 資料傳遞過程之討論 ......................................................... 107
§6-3-3 後端資料庫的幾何類型分析 ............................................. 108
§6-3-4 系統的擴充與延伸應用 .................................................... 110
第七章 結論與未來展望 ............................................................................. 113
§7-1 結論與建議 .................................................................................... 113
§7-2 未來發展 ........................................................................................ 115
參考文獻 ....................................................................................................... 119
附錄：系統建置相關參考文件 ................................................................... 123
自述 ............................................................................................................... 127

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