臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇描述應用於無線感測網路生醫信號擷取之無線前端接收器，前端電路包含疊接式低雜訊放大器、主動式平衡器、折疊式偶次諧波混波器。平衡器是採用電阻電容迴授補償式差動放大器的架構，將單端輸入信號轉成差動信號。在本地震盪器前使用倍頻電路，將本地震盪器信號頻率加倍，因此可以避免由於本地震盪器信號洩漏而產生的自混頻。為了應用於低電壓架構且得到較大的本地震盪器信號穩定輸入範圍，偶次諧波混波器則利用摺疊的技術和互補式倍頻電路。本次設計之無線前端接收器電路操作在供應電壓1V，有8.5 dB的轉換增益，-36 dBm之輸入1-dB截斷點，及5.0 mW的功率損秏。

This work describes the design of a wireless receiver front-end circuit for Bio-Acquisition in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The front-end circuit includes a cascode low noise amplifier (LNA), an active balun and a folded-cascode even-harmonic mixer. The balun employs differential amplifier architecture utilizing the concept of RC feedback to transform single-ended signal into differential form. The frequency-doubling circuit in the LO stage is employed to double the LO frequency, thus the self-mixing resulted from LO leakage could be avoided. The even-harmonic (EH) mixer with folded technique and complementary frequency-doubling circuits is adopted for low voltage topology to achieve large stable LO turning range. This work possesses conversion gain of 8.5 dB, 1-dB compression point (IP1dB) of -36 dBm, power consumption of 5.0 mW at 1V supply voltage.

摘要 ………………………..…..……………………………......I
ABSTRACT…………………..……………………………....II
誌謝 ………………………..…..…………………………......III
CONTENTS……………………………………………….…IV
FIGURE CAPTIONS…………………………….…..….....VII
TABLE CAPTIONS…………………………….………...…IX
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Motivation - 1 -
1.2 Thesis Organization - 2 -

CHAPTER TWO
Basic Concepts in RF Design - 3 -
2.1 Introduction - 3 -
2.2 Radio-Frequency Fundamentals - 4 -
2.2.1 Gain and Stability - 4 -
2.2.2 Noise Figure and Sensitivity - 5 -
2.2.3 Linearity - 7 -
2.3 Receiver Architecture - 12 -
2.3.1 Heterodyne Receiver - 12 -
2.3.2 Homodyne Receiver - 14 -
2.3.3 Low-IF Receiver - 18 -

CHAPTER THREE
Design Consideration in Front-End Circuit Design - 19 -
3.1 Low Noise Amplifier Basic - 19 -
3.1.1 Low Noise Amplifier Architecture Analysis - 19 -
3.1.2 Low Noise Amplifier Design - 23 -
3.2 Balun Basic - 24 -
3.2.1 Balun Architecture Analysis - 24 -
3.2.2 Differential Amplifier with an RC Feedback as Active Balun Analysis - 27 -
3.3 Down-Conversion Mixer Basic - 28 -
3.3.1 Down-Conversion Mixer Architecture Analysis - 28 -
3.3.2 Conversion gain analysis - 31 -
3.3.3 Noise analysis - 31 -
3.3.4 Port-to-Port Isolation analysis - 32 -

CHAPTER FOUR
The 2.4 GHz Low-Voltage Even-Harmonic Mixer
4.1 The LO-RF Leakage of Receiver - 33 -
4.2 Analysis of Even-Harmonic mixer - 35 -
4.2.1 The frequency-doubling circuit architecture - 36 -
4.2.2 The folded-cascode even-harmonic mixer - 37 -
4.2.3 The folded-cascode even-harmonic mixer with complementary frequency-doubling circuit - 41 -
4.3 Circuit Simulation Result - 44 -
4.4 Discussions - 47 -

CHAPTER FIVE
Low-Voltage Low-Power Front-End Circuit - 48 -
5.1 Introduction - 48 -
5.2 Principle of the Circuit Design - 49 -
5.2.1 Low Noise Amplifier - 50 -
5.2.2 Balun - 53 -
5.2.3 EH mixer - 56 -
5.3 Chip Implementation and Measured Result - 56 -
5.4 Discussions - 66 -

CHAPTER SIX
Conclusion and Future Work - 70 -
6.1 Conclusion - 70 -
6.2 Future Work - 70 -
6.2.1 Improve the performances of the receiver - 70 -
6.2.2 Complete the receiver - 71 -
REFERENCES - 73 -

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