臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

藉由改質後得到高導電度的PEDOT:PSS 以取代一般市售的PEDOT:PSS，可以有效的提高有機高分子塊體混摻異質接面太陽能電池的效率。利用摻雜特定濃度的Glycerol及DMSO在一般市售的PEDOT:PSS中以得到改質的PEDOT:PSS。

此碩論中，以摻雜丙三醇(Glycerol) (60 mg/mL)及二甲基亞碸(Dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) (90 mg/mL)的PEDOT:PSS來製作元件可得到效能。在AM1.5 100mW/cm2下量測，其中最高的效率約為4.2%，此元件具有高的充填因子(F.F.)約為0.68，以及高的光電流約為 10.5 mA/cm2。除了效率以外，部份的實驗用以探討摻雜不同濃度的PEDOT:PSS之性質改變。

更進一步的探討，改質的電洞傳輸層、主動層以及其兩者之間接面的狀況。最後以遮板限制照光面積來做元件特性的量測以確定導電度提昇對元件特性提昇的機制以及其貢獻度。

Organic polymer-based bulk heterojunction solar cells with high power conversion efficiency was successfully fabricated by replacing conventional PEDOT:PSS with high conductivity one. The high conductivity PEDOT:PSS was obtained by doping glycerol and DMSO with certain concentration.

In this study, devices with glycerol (60 mg/mL) and DMSO (90 mg/mL) doped PEDOT:PSS achieved the best performance. Under AM1.5 100mW/cm2, the maximum P.C.E. is about 4.2% with high F.F. (about 0.68) and high Jsc (about 10.5 mA/cm2) . Several experiment has done to realize the properties of modified PEDOT:PSS with different doping concentration.

Future more, the properties of modified PEDOT:PSS, active layer and the interface between those two films had be discussed, and do the measurement with shutters to realize the mechanism of conductivity influenced device performance, and the contribution to device performance.

Abstract (Chinese) ............................................................i
Abstract .............................................................................ii
Acknowledgment (Chinese) ............................................iii
Content ..............................................................................Ⅰ
Figure caption ...................................................................Ⅳ
Table caption .....................................................................Ⅷ
Chapter 1 Introduction....................................1
1.1 Introduction..........................................1
1.2 Solar cells...........................................1
1.3 Organic solar cells...................................4
1.3.1 Advantage and disadvantage..........................4
1.3.2 Road map of organic solar cells.....................5
1.3.3 State-of-the-art ...................................7
1.4 Motivation............................................8
1.4.1 PEDOT:PSS...........................................8
1.4.2 Modified PEDOT:PSS..................................9
Chapter 2 Principle of organic solar cells...............11
2.1 The mechanism of organic solar cells.................11
2.2 Bulk heterojunction solar cells......................12
2.3 Performance analysis.................................14
2.3.1 Open circuit voltage (Voc) ........................16
2.3.2 Short circuit current density (Jsc)................17
2.3.3 Power conversion efficiency (P.C.E.)...............18
2.3.4 Fill factor (F.F.).................................19
Chapter 3 Experimental procedures........................21
3.1 The Materials........................................21
3.1.1 ITO................................................21
3.1.2 PEDOT:PSS..........................................21
3.1.3 Regioregular P3HT (electronic grade)...............22
3.1.4 PCBM...............................................22
3.1.5 1,2-dichlorobenzene (ortho-dichlorobenzene)........23
3.1.6 Glycerol...........................................24
3.1.7 DMSO...............................................24
3.1.8 MoO3...............................................25
3.1.9 Cs2CO3.............................................25
3.2 Device structure.....................................25
3.2.1 Anode..............................................26
3.2.2 Hole transporting layer ...........................27
3.2.3 Active layer (Bulk heterojunction layer)...........27
3.2.4 Cathode............................................28
3.3 Device fabrication...................................29
3.3.1 ITO pattern........................................29
3.3.2 Clean ITO substrate................................31
3.3.3 Spin coating PEDOT:PSS layer ......................31
3.3.4 Spin coating active layer .........................32
3.3.5 Deposit electrode..................................32
3.4 Device measurement...................................33
3.4.1 Solar simulator....................................33
3.4.2 Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics............34
3.4.3 Four-point probe method............................35
3.4.4 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)......................37
3.4.5 Contact angle and surface free energy..............39
3.4.6 Absorption and Transmission........................40
3.4.7 Space charge limited current model.................42
3.4.8 Impedance spectroscopy [38]........................46
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion.........................52
4.1 Conventional devices.................................52
4.2 Devices with modified hole transporting layer........53
4.2.1 Glycerol-doped PEDOT:PSS...........................53
4.2.2 DMSO-doped PEDOT:PSS...............................55
4.3 Conductivity measurement.............................57
4.3.1 Conductivity of Glycerol and DMSO-doped PEDOT:PSS film
.........................................................57
4.3.2 Conductivity versus P.C.E..........................59
4.4 Thickness of PEDOT:PSS film..........................60
4.5 Surface roughness....................................61
4.6 Contact angle........................................63
4.6.1 PEDOT:PSS layer....................................63
4.6.2 Active layer.......................................66
4.7 Absorption region....................................68
4.8 Mobility measurement.................................69
4.8.1 Hole mobility......................................69
4.8.2 Electron mobility..................................78
4.9 Hysteresis...........................................82
4.10 Impedance spectroscopy..............................85
4.10.1 Before and after carriers injection...............86
4.10.2 Assumption of equivalent electrical circuit model
.........................................................86
4.10.3 Non-linear curve fitting..........................87
4.11 Measurement with shutters...........................96
4.11.1 Extension of anode................................96
4.11.2 Confirming the illuminated device area............97
4.11.3 Measurement with shutters.........................97
Chapter 5 Conclusion and future work....................102
Reference...............................................104

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