臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在本論文中將討論Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3陶瓷材料的微波介電特性及材料的微結構。由實驗結果知Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3在1350℃燒結四小時，可得到介電特性εr~17.2，Q×f~180,000 ( 9GHz )，τf ~-45 (ppm/℃)。為了使共振頻率之溫度係數(τf)趨近於零，因此藉由正與負的共振頻率之溫度係數的介電材料來達到平衡。其中，具負共振頻率之溫度係數的Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3分別與Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3 (εr ~109，Q×f~17,000，τf ~ +212 (ppm/℃))、La0.5Na0.5TiO3 (εr ~122，Q×f~9600，τf ~ +480 (ppm/℃))及Nd0.5Na0.5TiO3(εr ~98，Q×f~7200，τf ~ +260 (ppm/℃))三個正共振頻率之溫度係數的介電材料混相。
由實驗結果顯示，(1-x)Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3-xCa0.6La0.8/3TiO3系統在x =0.15燒結溫度1325℃得到良好的介電特性; εr~24.61，Q×f~102,000，τf ~ -3.6 (ppm/℃); (1-x)Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3-xLa0.5Na0.5TiO3系統在x =0.13燒結溫度1275℃得到介電特性; εr~23.22，Q×f~86,000，τf ~ +2.8 (ppm/℃); (1-x)Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3-xNd0.5Na0.5TiO3系統在x =0.19燒結溫度1300℃的介電特性; εr ~25.61，Q×f~69,000，τf ~ -8 (ppm/℃)。
最後，以FR4、Al2O3以及自製陶瓷基板0.87MNT-0.13LNT，設計一個3階Butterworth 髮夾式帶通濾波器，中心頻率為2.4GHz，頻寬10%，並使用電磁全波模擬軟體IE3D，討論模擬與實作量測的差異。

The microwave dielectric properties and microstructure of Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3 ceramic materials are investigated in this study. The Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3 ceramic possesses an dielectric constant (εr ) of 17.2，a Q×f value of 180,000 ( GHz )，a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(τf) of -45 (ppm/℃) sintering at 1350℃ for 4 hrs. In order to obtain a temperature-stable material, a method of combining a positive temperature coefficient of resonant frequency material with a negative one was examined in the present study. Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3 mixed with Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3 [εr ~109，Q×f~17,000，τf ~ +212 (ppm/℃)]、La0.5Na0.5TiO3 [εr~122，Q×f~9600，τf ~ +480 (ppm/℃)] and Nd0.5Na0.5TiO3[εr~98，Q×f~7200，τf ~ +260 (ppm/℃)], respectively.
The experimental results show that when x=0.15, (1-x)Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3-xCa0.6La0.8/3TiO3 system obtain the dielectric properties: εr ~24.61，Q×f~102,000，τf ~ -3.6 (ppm/℃); when x=0.13, (1-x)Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3-xLa0.5Na0.5TiO3 system obtain the dielectric properties: εr~23.22，Q×f~86,000，τf ~ +2.8 (ppm/℃); when x=0.19, (1-x)Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3-xLa0.5Na0.5TiO3 system obtain the dielectric properties: εr ~25.61，Q×f~69,000，τf ~ -8 (ppm/℃).
Finally, we design a three order Butterworth band-pass filter with hairpin shape on various substrates (such as FR4, Al2O3, and 0.87MNT-0.13LNT). The center frequency is 2.4GHz, FBW is 10%, and using full wave E.M. simulatior IE3D to discuss the difference between simulation and measurement.

第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究目的 1
第二章 介電材料原理 3
2-1 介電材料的微波特性 3
2-2 鈦鐵礦與鈣鈦礦之結構 8
2-2-1 鈦鐵礦之結構 8
2-2-2 鈣鈦礦之結構 10
2-3 燒結原理 10
2-4 燒結理論及工藝 11
2-4-1 燒結過程分析 11
2-5 介電共振器 13
2-5-1 介電共振器理論 15
第三章 濾波器與微帶線的原理 17
3-1 微帶線的原理 17
3-1-1 微帶線傳輸組態 17
3-1-2 微帶線參數公式 18
3-2 微帶線各項考量 21
3-2-1 集膚效應 21
3-2-2 微帶線的損失 21
3-2-3 微帶線的不連續效應 22
3-3 集總元件(lump element)濾波器簡介 25
3-4 微帶線諧振器種類 27
3-4-1 四分之一波長短路微帶線諧振器 27
3-4-2 二分之一波長開路微帶線諧振器 28
3-5 偶合共振器 30
3-6 共振器耦合型態 30
3-6-1 電場耦合 30
3-6-2 磁場耦合 33
3-6-3 混合耦合 36
3-7 饋入線之輸入及輸出點設計 38
3-8 濾波器設計步驟 39
第四章 實驗程序 42
4-1 微波介電材料的製備與特性量測流程圖 42
4-2 微波介電材料的特性分析與量測 45
4-2-1 X-Ray分析（XRD） 45
4-2-2 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡（SEM）分析 45
4-2-3 密度之量測 45
4-3 微波特性的量測 46
4-4 濾波器之製作與量測 53
4-4-1 濾波器規格 53
4-4-2 濾波器實作 54
4-4-3 特性量測 54
第五章 實驗結果與討論 56
5-1 Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3微波介電特性之探討 56
5-1-1 (1-x)Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3-xCa0.6La0.8/3TiO3微波介電特性之探討 56
5-1-2 (1-x)Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3-xLa0.5Na0.5TiO3微波介電特性之探討 58
5-1-3 (1-x)Mg0.95Ni0.05TiO3-xNd0.5Na0.5TiO3微波介電特性之探討 59
5-2 濾波器頻率響應探討 61
5-2-1 FR4基板 61
5-2-2 Al2O3基板 62
5-2-3 0.87MCT – 0.13LNT基板 63
第六章 結論 104
參考文獻 105

[1]J.-H. Sohn, Y. Inaguma, S.-O. Yoon, M. Itoh, T. Nakamura, S.-J. Yoonand H.-J Kim, “Microwave Dielectric Characteristics of Ilmenite-TypeTitanates with High Q Values”, J. Appl. phys., vol.33, pp.5466-5470,1994.
[2]C.-L. Huang, J.-T. Tsai, Y.-B. Chen, “Dielectric properties of (1-y)Ca1-xLa2x/3TiO3-y(Li,Nd)1/2TiO3 ceramic system at microwave frequency”, Materials Research Bulletin ,vol.36, pp.547–556,2001.
[3]C.-L. Huang, J.-J. Wang, “Microwave dielectric properties of (1 - x)(Mg0.95Co0.05)-
TiO3–xCa0.6La0.8/3TiO3 ceramics with V2O5 addition”, Solid-State Electronics, vol.50, pp.1349–1354,2006.
[4]H.Takahashi.,Y.Baba,.,K.Ezaki,Y.Okamoto,K.Shibata,K.Kuroki,S.Nakano, “Dielectric characteristics of (A ．A )TiO3 Ceramics at Microwave Frequencies ”, Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.,vol. 30,No.9B, pp.2339-2342,1991.
[5]T. H., Baba, Y., Ezaki, K. and Ito, A., “High dielectric microwave materials and its application”, Sanyo Tech. Rev., 28, 104 (in Japanese),1996.
[6]鄭景太, 淺談高頻低損失介電材料, 工業材料, 176期 90年8月.
[7]W. J. Huppmann, and G. Petzow, Sintering processes., New York: Plenum Pr-ess, pp. 189-202, 1979.
[8]F. V. Lenel, “Sintering in Presence of a Liquid Phase”, Trans. Am. Inst.Mining. Met. Engrs, pp.878-905, 1948.
[9]SCHAFFER SAXENA ANTOLOVICH SANDERS WARNER,“The Science and Design of Engineering Materials”,Chap3.
[10]肖定全,陶瓷材料,新文京開發出版,p49-55,2003
[11]V. N. Eremenko, Y. V. Naidich, and I. Aienko, Liquid phase sintering., New York: Consultants Bureau, 1970, ch. 4.
[12]翁敏航,射頻被動元件設計,東華書局,台灣,p126,1996
[13]L. A. Trinogga, Guo Kaizhou, and I. C. Hunter, Practical microstrip circuit design., UK: Ellis Horwood, 1991.
[14]David M. Pozar, Microwave engineering., Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1998
[15]R. A. Pucel, D. J. Masse, and C. E. Hartwig, “Losses in microstrip,” IEEE. Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MIT-16, pp. 342-350, Jun. 1968.
[16]G. L. Matthaei, L. Young, and E. M. T. Jones, Microwave filters impedance- mattching, networks, and coupling structures., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.
[17]V. Nalbandian, and W. Steenart, “Discontinunity in symmetric striplines due to impedance step and their compensations,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Te-ch., vol. MTT-20, pp. 573-578, Sep. 1980.
[18]張盛富,戴明鳳, 無線通信之射頻被動電路設計,全華出版社,1998.
[19]Darko Kajfez and Pierre Guillon, Dielectric Resonators, University of Mississippi.
[20]K. C. Gupta, R. Garg, I. Bahl, and E. Bhartis, Microstrip lines and slotlines, second edition., Boston: Artech House, 1996.
[21]J.-S.Hong, and M.-J.Lancaster,“Couplings of microstrip square open-loop resonators for cross-coupled planar microwave filters,” IEEE Trans. MicrowaveTheory Tech., vol. 44, pp. 2099-2109, Nov. 1996.
[22]Inder Bahl and Prakash Bhartia, Microwave solid state circuit design, chap6 John Wiley&Sons 1988.
[23]Peter A. Rizzi., Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits, chap9, Prentice Hall, 1988.
[24]傅坤幅, 微波陶瓷材料介電特性量測,工業材料, 132期, 86年12月.
[25]P. Wheless and D. Kajfez, “The Use of Higher Resonant Modes in Measuring the Dielectric Constant of Dielectric Resonators,” IEEE MTT-S, Symposium Dig., pp.473-476, 1985.
[26]Y. Kobayashi and N. Katoh, “Microwave measurement of dielectric properties of low-loss materials by dielectric rod resonator method,” IEEE. Trans. Micr- owave Theory Tech., MTT-33, 586-592, 1985.
[27]Y. Kobayashi, and S. Tanaka, "Resonant modes of a dielectric resonator short-circuited at both ends by parallel conducting plates," IEEE. Trans. MicrowaveTheory Tech., MTT-28, 1077-1085, 1980.
[28]B. W. Hakki and P. D. Coleman, “A Dielectric Resonator Method of Measuring Inductive Capacities in the Millimeter range,” IEEE Trans. MTT, vol. MTTS, pp. 402-410, 1960.
[29]J. Helszajn, “Microwave Engineering: Passive, Active, and Non-reciprocal Circuits,” McGraw-Hill, 1992.
[30]D. Kajfez, “Computed model field distribution for isolated dielectric resonators,” IEEE. Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-32, pp. 1609-1616, Dec. 1984.
[31]D. Kajfez, “Basic principle give understanding of dielectric waveguides and resonators,” Microwave System News., vol. 13, pp. 152-161, 1983.
[32]D. Kajfez, and P. Guillon, Dielectric resonators., New York: Artech House,1989.
[33]吳朗, 電工材料,滄海書局,p72, 87年.
[34]J. S. Wong, “Microstrip tapped-line filter design,” IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.”, vol. MTT-27, pp. 44-50, Jan. 1979.
[35]International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., Reference Data for Radio Engineers, 6th Ed. Howard W. Sams Co., Inc.
[36]吳政哲,”微波介電陶瓷材料之研製與應用”,國立成功大學電機工程系碩士論文,2000.
[37]B.D. Silverman, Phys. Rev., vol. 125, pp. 1921, 1962.
[38]W. F. Smith, 材料科學與工程,第二版, McGraw- Hill,1994.