臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究經由震盪方式，產製出柴油、十二烷單質液滴與水-十二烷單核複合液滴，以自由飛行的方式，進入熱環境中，藉以研究單質液滴與複合液滴受熱燃燒現象。本研究設計建立一套直立的燃燒系統，藉由甲烷、氧氣與空氣的預混火焰，形成一個穩定的平面火焰，作為高溫熱環境的熱源，以進行實驗研究。
研究中發現，單質液滴的蒸發率會隨著高溫環境中含氧量的增加而增大，複合液滴的蒸發率則不會隨著含氧量的增加而改變。複合液滴因為內核水的影響，其蒸發率小於單質液滴，但複合液滴內水量的增減影響蒸發率並不明顯。燃燒特性的研究中，在單質液滴部分，火焰長度會隨著環境中含氧量的增加而增長；在複合液滴部分，火焰因為外層油膜蒸發完畢，無法持續地提供燃料蒸氣而熄滅。油膜蒸發完畢，水滴暴露在高溫環境後，研究觀察發現蒸發率有增加的趨勢。

In this research, a single-phase drop stream (diesel, dodecane) and a water-in-dodecane compound drop stream were produced by utilizing of a piezoelectric drop generator. These drop streams entered a high temperature environment and burned as freely falling drops. For the purpose of providing a heat source of high temperature environment, a vertical combustion chamber was built, which was maintained by a steady flat premixed flame. The behavior of drop stream and the combustion phenomenon of single-phase and compound drop streams were observed.
In the research, the evaporation rate of a single-phase drop would increases with the oxygen content in the high temperature environment. However, the evaporation rate of a compound drop would not change with the oxygen content. The evaporation rate of compound drop was smaller than that of a single-phase drop because of the water core influence. But the varying of the quantity of water inside the compound drop would not influence the evaporation. In the combustion characteristic research of the single-phase drop, the flame length would increase with the increasing oxygen content. For the compound drop, the flame would go out because the outer layer oil film was consumed by evaporation and no fuel vapor was available. After the oil film was exhausted and the water drop was exposed to the high temperature environment, the evaporation rate showed an increasing trend.

總目錄
總目錄 Ⅰ
表目錄 Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅳ
符號說明 Ⅶ
一、前言 1
1-1 液態燃料工業應用 2
1-2 複合液滴發展 4
1-3 液滴燃燒實驗技術 6
1-4 研究目的 9
二、實驗設備與研究方法 11
2-1 複合液滴產製設備 11
2-1-1 液滴產生器 11
2-1-2 供液系統 12
2-1-3 觀測系統 13
2-2 液滴燃燒設備 13
2-2-1 平面火焰系統 14
2-2-2 觀測系統 14
2-2-3 排氣系統 15
2-3 研究步驟與方法 15
三、結果與討論 18
3-1 複合液滴成型特性分析 18
3-2 燃燒設備性能分析 20
3-2-1 平面火焰控制與觀測 20
3-2-2 高溫環境條件控制與觀測 22
3-3 單質液滴燃燒特性分析 24
3-3-1 柴油液滴燃燒 24
3-3-2 十二烷液滴燃燒 26
3-4 水-十二烷複合液滴燃燒特性分析 30
四、結論 34
五、參考文獻 36
圖表 39
附錄 76

表目錄

表-1 各項物理性質 39
表-2 各研究參數條件 40

圖目錄

圖2-1 複合液滴產製實驗設備圖 41
圖2-2 液滴噴嘴座示意圖 42
圖2-3 複合液滴噴嘴座示意圖 42
圖2-4 液滴燃燒設備圖 43
圖2-5 平面火焰產生器示意圖 43
圖3-1 參數定義示意圖 44
圖3-2 不同震盪頻率下的複合液滴特性 45
圖3-3 不同震盪頻率下的複合液滴特性之無因次化參數 45
圖3-4 複合液滴之震盪頻率對出口速度關係 46
圖3-5 冷流場液滴串穩定長度 46
圖3-6 火焰照片圖 47
圖3-7 火焰形成之空氣流率對甲烷流率關係 48
圖3-8 火焰形成之爐頭出口速度對甲烷流率關係 48
圖3-9 增加氧供給量與火焰特性關係 49
圖3-10 高溫環境溫度場分布 50
圖3-11 相同甲烷濃度下，改變氣體燃料出口速度與液滴燃燒火焰關
係圖 51
圖3-12 相同氣體燃料出口速度下，改變排氣馬達轉速與液滴燃燒火
焰關係圖 52
圖3-13 爐頭出口速度30、35 cm/s，液滴火焰串位置與排氣馬達轉
速之關係 53
圖3-14 純質柴油液滴在高溫環境內x與t關係圖 54
圖3-15 200μm柴油液滴燃燒直徑與時間關係 55
圖3-16 200μm柴油液滴燃燒直徑平方與特徵時間關係 55
圖3-17 600μm柴油液滴燃燒直徑與時間關係 56
圖3-18 600μm柴油液滴燃燒直徑平方與特徵時間關係 56
圖3-19 柴油液滴燃燒CCD相片圖與位置關係 57
圖3-20 200μm十二烷液滴燃燒直徑與時間關係 58
圖3-21 200μm十二烷液滴燃燒直徑平方與特徵時間關係 58
圖3-22 400μm十二烷液滴燃燒直徑與時間關係 59
圖3-23 400μm十二烷液滴燃燒直徑平方與特徵時間關係 59
圖3-24 600μm十二烷液滴燃燒直徑與時間關係 60
圖3-25 600μm十二烷液滴燃燒直徑平方與特徵時間關係 60
圖3-26 十二烷液滴燃燒CCD相片圖與位置關係 61
圖3-27 400μm十二烷液滴燃燒火焰串相片圖與位置關係 62
圖3-28 400μm十二烷液滴火焰串與位置關係 63
圖3-29 600μm十二烷液滴燃燒火焰串相片圖與位置關係 64
圖3-30 600μm十二烷液滴火焰串與位置關係 65
圖3-31 不同液滴直徑的蒸發率比較 66
圖3-32 水-十二烷複合液滴燃燒直徑與時間關係(α = 0.61) 67
圖3-33 水-十二烷複合液滴燃燒直徑平方與特徵時間關係(α =
0.61) 67
圖3-34 水-十二烷複合液滴燃燒直徑與時間關係(α = 0.74) 68
圖3-35 水-十二烷複合液滴燃燒直徑平方與特徵時間關係(α =
0.74) 68
圖3-36 水-十二烷複合液滴燃燒CCD相片圖與位置關係 69
圖3-37 液滴微爆火焰串照片 70
圖3-38 水-十二烷複合液滴燃燒直徑與時間關係(α ≒ 0.85) 71
圖3-39 水-十二烷複合液滴燃燒直徑平方與特徵時間關係(α ≒
0.85) 72
圖3-40 500μm水-十二烷複合液滴燃燒火焰串相片圖與位置關係73
圖3-41 500μm水-十二烷複合液滴火焰串與位置關係 74
圖3-42 500μm十二烷液滴燃燒直徑變化 75
圖A1 煙灰(soot)分布照片 77

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