臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著工業發展，電力需求不斷的增加而導致必須開發新的能源。然而，因電源開發未如預期順利，造成區域電力需求遠大於電力供給時，則必須透過長距離的輸電線路將電力送至此區域，以滿足其電力需求，一旦發生發電廠故障跳脫或輸電線路故障跳脫等問題，將會產生電力系統不穩定的現象，使得負載電壓從原本的準位急速下降到很低，造成所謂的“電壓崩潰”（Voltage Collapse）現象。一般認為電壓崩潰的發生是電力系統平衡點產生了鞍點分叉(Saddle Node Bifurcation)，然而，學者Abed於1992年提出負載電壓可能在發生鞍點分叉之前就已經在Hopf分叉點崩潰了。換句話說，當負載超過電力系統所能提供的範圍時，系統將不存在平衡解以致於整個發散。在本論文中，首先利用Dobson與Chiang在1990年所提出一個四階電力系統的非線性數學模型做為分析對象。以分叉理論為基礎，探討電力系統所可能存在的非線性現象。本論文使用非線性分析軟體Auto探討電力系統的靜態鞍點分叉及動態的Hopf分叉現象。藉由改變不同的系統參數如有效功率P和系統供應之電容器容量C條件情況下，探討對電力系統穩定度的影響程度。最後，利用靜態無效功率補償器(SVC)控制器作為電力系統調整電壓的方法，我們發現靜態無效功率補償器可以提升電力系統負載容忍範圍，進而達到延後電壓崩潰的發生。

In this thesis, we present a result of the bifurcation analysis of nonlinear dynamics of electric power system with either varied capacitor load or static var compensator（SVC）. Based on a model of electric power systems proposed by Dobson and Chiang(1988) with either varied capacitor or SVC parallel to the local nonlinear power load, conditions for the existence of saddle node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcations are obtained from bifurcation analysis of system dynamics. Occurrence of period-doubling and cyclic fold bifurcations are also observed from numerical simulations as system parameters such as reactive power demand, real power demand or fixed capacitor being varied. The occurrence of subcritical Hopf bifurcation and saddle node bifurcation are found to contribute to the appearance of dynamic voltage collapse and static voltage collapse.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 論文架構 2
第二章 背景知識 3
2.1 基本的分叉 3
2.2 多重線性函數（Multilinear function） 9
2.3 電力系統動態方程式 9
第三章 電力系統動態特性分析 14
3.1 電力系統平衡點分析 14
3.2 系統平衡解的穩定度分析 17
3.3 區域分叉之存在性 22
第四章 電力系統數據分析探討 29
4.1 原始系統數據探討（P1=0p.u.和C=12p.u.） 29
4.2 額外有效功率和電力系統供應之電容器容量對電力系統的影響 31
4.2.1. 額外有效功率（P1）的影響 32
4.2.2. 電力系統供應之電容器容量（C）的影響 33
第五章 應用SVC之電壓控制 48
5.1 SVC控制器 48
5.2 SVC控制器的增益(Ks)和參考電壓(V0)對電力系統的影響 50
5.2.1在 V0=1.0 p.u.下SVC控制器增益(Ks)的影響 51
5.2.2在 V0=1.05 p.u.下SVC控制器增益(Ks)的影響 51
5.2.3在 V0=0.97 p.u.下SVC控制器增益(Ks)的影響 52
第六章 結論與展望 56
6.1 結論 56
6.2 未來展望 56
參考文獻 57
附錄一 61
附錄二 63

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