臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

同步工程(Concurrent Engineering)已成為普遍且流行的方法，用以再造新產品發展計劃。然而在同步工程環境中，專案同步(Project Concurrency)和設計同步(Design Concurrency)的複雜性與動態性行為是極難以處理的。對於一個現代化組織而言，同時管理一些產品發展專案，並且分配有限的資源以解決成本/時間權衡問題 (Time/Cost Trade-off Problems, TCTP)，是日常會遇到的問題。更甚於，這些產品發展專案是具有相互依存關係的，而且每單一方案對於資源的使用與回復是相互影響的。就另一個觀點而言，在設計專案流程中，基於顧客所關心的績效與成本，同步工程必須以各式的規則來權衡相關參數的設計，例如製造能力、測試能力與服務能力。因此，在新產品發展過程中，由於必須考慮各種設計參數與替代組態，成本/時間權衡問題也是非常重要的。
本研究的目的在於發展一套通用性的方法，在同步工程環境中，以解決成本/時間權衡的問題; 這包括了對於多重同步工程專案進行最適的資源分配，以及對於各式的替代設計組態進行最適的成本/時間評估。為了提供必需的分析功能，在本研究中採用了高階斐式圖(High-Level Petri Nets, HLPN)，作業基礎成本制(Activity-Based Costing, ABC)以及理想解類似度順序偏好法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS)三種方法以產生可行性的替代方案，預測展開時程與成本，以及選擇最佳的排程。這個方法的優點在於從多重準則的觀點來評估排程績效，以及在設計過程中，結合主觀與客觀的評估方法。

As Concurrent Engineering (CE) becomes a prevailing approach to reengineer the product development program, the complex and dynamic behavior of Project Concurrency and Design Concurrency in a concurrent environment is extremely difficult to deal with. To a modern organization, simultaneously managing a number of product development projects and allocating constrained resources to solve Time/Cost Trade-off Problems (TCTP) is in fact an everyday situation. Moreover, these projects may be interdependent in that an individual project’s return and resource consumption is influenced by other projects. Turning to another point of view, during the design process, CE draws on various disciplines to trade-off parameters, such as manufacturability, testability and serviceability, along with customer performance, size, and cost. Therefore, TCTP is also crucial to the consideration of various parameters and alternative configurations of various components in new product development. Our purpose of this research is to develop a generic method that can be used to assist making managerial decision with time/cost trade-off on allocating resources to multiple CE projects and evaluating design alternatives in a CE environment. To provide needed analytical functions, High-Level Petri Nets (HLPN), Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are applied in sequence to generate feasible alternatives, estimate their make-span and costs, and select the best compromise schedule. This method is advantageous in the evaluation of scheduling performance from a multi-criteria perspective and the incorporation of both objective and subjective measurements in the decision process.

Chapter 1 Chapter 1Introduction1
1.1Motivation 1
1.2Characterization of Concurrent Engineering Environment3
1.2.1Layers of Concurrency3
1.2.2Project Concurrency.5
1.2.3Design Concurrency7
1.3Research Objectives8
1.4Dissertation Organization9
Chapter 2Literature Review on Domain Issues10
2.1Project Portfolio Management10
2.1.1Characterization of PPM11
2.1.2Project Portfolio Scheduling12
2.1.3Reactive Scheduling17
2.2Collaborative Product Design18
2.2.1Design for Logistics19
2.2.2Postponement of Design Decisions22
2.2.3Logistics Processes Modeling22
2.3Environment-conscious Product Design24
2.3.1Design for Environment26
2.3.2Reverse Logistics27
2.3.3Life Cycle Analysis/Assessment28
Chapter 3Overview of The Method30
3.1The Integrated Framework30
3.2Project Concurrency Solver31
3.3Design Concurrency Solver34
3.4Analytical Tools36
3.4.1High Level Petri Nets36
3.4.2Activity Based Costing41
3.4.3TOPSIS44
Chapter 4Analytical Procedure of the Method46
4.1Modeling the Network with HLPN46
4.2Detecting Deadlock and Generating Feasible Schedules48
4.3Estimating the Cost of Feasible Schedules with ABC52
4.4Ranking Feasible Schedules with TOPSIS53
Chapter 5Applications of the Trade-off Method55
5.1Project Portfolio Management55
5.2Collaborative Product Design62
5.3Environment-conscious Product Design70
Chapter 6Conclusions and Future Research76
6.1Conclusions76
6.2Directions for Future Research77
REFERENCES79

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