臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

專案的管理以及流程並非一成不變。當面臨企業內部以及外部的一些轉變，例如新產品的開發、專案形態不同或者企業策略的改變，原本的標準作業流程都將面臨相對應的改變。因此許多組織會建立調適準則來應變。但實際上制定並且引用調適準則需要一些經驗上得累積的。
因此本研究嘗試建立一調適架構將調適因子分成可模糊化及不可模糊化，且把調適產出以引導式的方式分為生命週期調適、流程作業調適、流程調適、作業產出調適以及人員角色調適等五個階段，所建置之系統除提供專家建議予專案經理外，能協助軟體組織於專案在進行調適以及建立調適準則時提供一個思考架構以及操作之流程，並能過系統將調適經驗累積。
本研究運用模糊理論於組織調適經驗，並輔以統計的觀點，將專家系統所產出之調適建議於組織內的執行經驗以經驗度來呈現，可提供專案經理一個決策依據，並促使軟體工程小組對於經驗度低之調適建議給予更多的關注。本研究最後將透過一專案範例以及情境說明來實行操作以驗證系統之可行性以及限制。

The software project’s processes and the management is not immutable. When faced with internal and external changes in some, such as the development of new products, or different form of project or changes in business strategy, the original standard operating procedures will face corresponding to the change. So many organizations will adjust the tailoring guideline. But in fact develop and apply criteria require some adjustment in the accumulation of experience on.
This study attempts to establish a tailoring framework will be divided into tailoring factors can not be blurred and fuzzy, and the adjustment of output to guide the way into the life cycle tailoring, activity tailoring, activity process tailoring, process output tailoring and role tailoring of five stages, built a system in addition to providing expert advice to the project manager, the software can help organizations in carrying out software project tailoring and the establishment of guidelines for adaptation to provide a framework for thinking and operation of the process and can adjust the system will experience Cumulative.
The use of fuzzy theory and project tailoring experience in the organization , supplemented by statistical point of view, the expert system by the output of the proposed tailoring in the organization of the implementation experience of the past experience to show, can provide a basis for decision making for project manager, and to promote software Engineering group experience to low degree of tailoring recommended for more attention. This study will last through an example of that situation and to implement operating system to verify the feasibility of and restrictions.

第一章 緒論
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究動機
1.3 研究目的
第二章 文獻探討
2.1 專案管理
2.1.1 何謂專案管理
2.1.2 專案管理要素
2.2 流程管理
2.2.1 軟體流程的重要性
2.2.2 軟體流程管理
2.2.3 軟體流程發展模型
2.3 流程調適
2.3.1 流程調適準則
2.3.2 流程調適的影響因素
2.3.3 流程調適的方法論和工具
2.4 專家系統（Expert System; ES）
2.5 模糊理論
第三章 研究設計與方法
3.1 研究架構
3.2 研究設計
3.2.1 調適流程架構
3.2.2 專案調適因子
3.2.3 專案調適產出
3.3 模糊推論
3.3.1 輸出與輸入變數歸屬度建立
3.3.2 模糊化(Fuzzification)
3.3.3 解模糊化(Defuzzification)
3.4 專家系統建置
第四章 系統實作與驗證
4.1 系統環境建置
4.2 知識來源與擷取方式
4.2.1 驗證與確認流程
4.2.2 規則建立
4.3 系統操作流程
第五章 結論與研究限制
5.1 研究結果與討論
5.2 研究限制
5.3 研究貢獻
5.4 後續研究建議
References

1.林信惠, 黃明祥, 軟體專案管理研究架構及趨勢, 資訊管理研究學報, 第四卷, 第一期, 2002
2.曾婉惠, 范金鳳, 應用 UML和貝氏信心網路於調適軟體程序, 第十四屆物件導向技術及應用研討會, 2003
3.Association of Project Management（APM）, Body of Knowledge （BoK） ,1995
4.Atkinson, R., Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria, International Journal of Project Management 17（6), 1999, pp. 337~342
5.Badiru, A. B., Expert Systems Applications in Engineering and Manufacturing, PRENTICE HALL, New Jersey. , 1992
6.Back, K., Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1999
7.Beedle, M. et al., SCRUM: An Extension Pattern Language for Hyperproductive Software Development, Addison-Wesley, 2000, pp. 637–651.
8.Belout, A. and Gauvreau, C., Factors influencing project success: the impact of human resource management, International Journal of Project Management vol.22, issue:1, 2004, p.1–11
9.Berander, P., Wohlin, C., Identification of Key Factors in Software Process Management - A Case Study, International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2003
10.Bernhardt, D., Liu, Q., Serfes, K., Product customization, science direct 2006, p1396-1422
11.Budlong, F. C., Szulewski, P. A. and Ganska, R. J., Process Tailoring for Software Project Plans, F042520-95-C-0245, Software Technology Support Center (STSC)of the U.S. Air Force, 1996
12.Coppin, B., Artificial Intelligence Illuminated, Jones AND Bartlett, 2004
13.Curkovic, S. and Mark, P., A critical examination of the ability of ISO 9000 certification to lead to a competitive advantage, Journal of Quality Management, 4(1), pp.51-67, 1999
14.Christie, A.M., Simulation in supporting of CMM-based process improvement, The journal of System and Software, 1999
15.Fitzgerald, B., Russo, N.L., O’Kane, T., Software Development Method Tailoring at Motorola, Communications of The ACM, 46(4), 2003
16.Forsberg, K., Mooz, H. & Cotterman, H., Visualizing project management – A model for business and technical success, John Wiley & Sons, 2000
17.Gnatz, M., Marschall, F., Popp, G., Rausch, A., Schwerin, W., The Living Software Development Process, Software Quality Professional 5(3), 2003
18.Ginsberg, M. P., Quinn, L. H., Process Tailoring and the Software Capability Maturity Model, SEI, 1995, CMU/SEI-94-TR-024
19.Hoffer, J.A., et al., Modern Systems Analysis and Design, Prentice-Hall International Inc, New Jersey, 2004
20.IEEE/EIA 12207, Standard for Information Technology-Software Life Cycle Processes, 1998.
21.ISO, ISO 9000:2000-Quality Management Systems, 2005
22.ISO/IEC, ISO/IEC 15504 Information Technology – Process Assessment （Parts 1–5), 2003-2006
23.Kuvaja, P., BOOTSTRAP 3.0—A SPICE1 Conformant Software Process Assessment Methodology, Software Quality Journal 8（1), 1999, pp7-19
24.Lin, W., The exploration of customer satisfaction model from a comprehensive perspective, Expert Systems with Applications 33( 2007), p.110–121
25.Lycett, M., Macredie, R. D., Patel, C., R. J. Paul, R.J., Migrating Agile Methods to Standardized Development Practice, IEEE Computer 36(6), 2003
26.Marciniak, J. J., Encyclopedia of Software Engineering, Volume 1 A-N, John Wiley & Sons, New York, United States, 1994
27.Morris, P., Management Project Interface :key points for Project Success, 2nd Edition, 1981
28.Murphy, P.L., Pharmaceutical Project Management : Is it Different ?, Project Management Journal, Sep 1989
29.Negnevitsky, M., Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley, 2002
30.Oakland, J.S., Total Quality Management: The Management of Change through Process Improvement, Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1993.
31.Oh, W., Pinsonneault, A., On The Assessment of The Strategic Value of Information Technologies: Conceptual and Analytical Approaches, MISQ, 2007
32.Park, S., Na, H., Park, S. and Sugumaran V., A semi-automated filtering technique for software process tailoring using neural network, Expert Systems with Application 30(2), 2006, pp. 179-189
33.Paulk, M.C., Curtis, B., Chrissis, M., and Weber, C., Capability Maturity Model for Software, Vision 1.1, Technical Report, CMU/SEI-93-TR-024, 1993
34.Pedreira, O., Piattini, M., Luaces, M.R., Brisaboa, N.R., A Systematic Review of Software Process Tailoring, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 32(3), 2007
35.Pham. D.T., Pham. P.T.N., Expert Systems in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 3（3) pp3-21, 1988
36.PMI, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Third Edition （PMBOK Guides), 2004
37.Rehman, A., Hussain, R., Software Project Management Methodologies/Frameworks Dynamics "A Comparative Approach", Information and Emerging Technologies, 2007
38.SEI, CMMI for Development, Version 1.2, CMU/SEI-2006-TR-008
39.Srivannaboon, S., Toward a Contingency Approach: Tailoring Project Management to Achieve a Competitive Advantage, Technology Management for the Global Future, 2006, PICMET
40.Sieli, E.M., Managing a Project as a Process, AT&T Technical Journal, 1991, pp.33-39
41.Selladurai , R.S., Mass customization in operations management: oxymoron or reality?, science direct 2003, p.295-300
42.Williams, L., Cockburn, A., Agile Software Development: It’s about Feedback and Change, IEEE Computer 36(6), 2003, pp 39-43.
43.Wilson, B., Soft Systems Methodology: Conceptual Model Building and its Contribution, John Wiley & Sons, 2001
44.Yabuuchil, Y., Kocaoglu2, D., Watada, J., Analysis of Project Management in Software Development, PICMET, July 2006
45.Yoon, I., Min, S., Bae, D., Tailoring and Verifying Software Process, Software Engineering Conference, APSEC 2001. Eighth Asia-Pacific , IEEE, 2001, pp.202-209
46.Zadeh, L. A., “Fuzzy sets”, Information and Control ,1965 Vol. 8, pp. 338-353.
47.Zadeh, L. A. ,“The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning I, II, III” , Information Science 1975, Vol. 9 , pp. 43-80