I：第一部份
減量訓練對體內氧化壓力生成和抗氧化能力改變之研究
摘要
目的：本研究模擬賽前減量訓練對體內產生氧化壓力及抗氧化能力改變之影響。方法：研究對象為18位坐式型態之健康男性，分成控制組及減量組，接受美國運動醫學會建議之負荷強度，以80% 一次動作最大負荷量 (repetition of maximum, 1RM) 進行8項阻力訓練，每週3次，共維持12週，控制組在第8週後停止訓練，減量組在第8週後減量為每週1次訓練。分別在訓練前第0週 (0W) 與運動後第8週 (8W)、10週 (10W)、12週 (12W) 採集血液進行分析。結果：（一）控制組：乳酸脫氫酶 (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 活性在8W和10W顯著增加、一氧化氮 (nitric oxide, NO) 濃度在8W顯著增加、尿酸 (uric acid, UA) 濃度在12W顯著降低、總抗氧化能力 (total antioxidant capacity, TAC) 活性8、10及12W分別顯著增加、過氧化氫酶 (catalase activity, CAT) 活性10W顯著增加（p＜.05）。（二）減量組：肌酸激酶 (creatine kinase, CK) 活性在8W顯著增加、LDH活性在8、10及12W分別顯著增加、UA濃度在10W顯著增加、NO濃度在8W顯著增加、TAC活性在10和12W分別顯著增加、CAT活性在10和12W顯著增加 （p＜.05）。血漿丙二醛 (malondiadehyde, MDA)、羰基蛋白質 (protein carbonyls, PC) 及超氧化物歧化酶 (superoxide dismutase, SOD) 在0W-12W並無顯著變化。另外，兩組肌力於訓練後10W和12W皆較訓練前增加（p＜.05）。結論：減量訓練較停止訓練會增加肌肉損傷與體內氧化壓力，而兩組均能提昇體內抗氧化酵素防禦能力。停止訓練提升肌力又不提高氧化損傷，因此選擇停止訓練方式訓練即可達預期效果。

II：第二部份
八週阻力訓練對坐式型態與規律運動學生之自由基生成差異
摘要
目的：本研究主要比較長期阻力訓練對不同運動型態學生體內產生氧化壓力和抗氧化能力改變之差異。方法：研究對象為17位健康男性，分成坐式型態組及規律運動組，以80% 一次動作最大負荷量 (repetition of maximum, 1RM) 進行8週阻力訓練。分別在訓練前與訓練後立即0、7、24、48、72小時 (h) 採集血液進行分析。結果：（一）坐式型態組：乳酸脫氫酶 (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 活性在48及72h顯著增加；一氧化氮 (nitric oxide, NO) 濃度在0-24h顯著增加；丙二醛 (malondiadehyde, MDA) 濃度在72h顯著增加、羰基蛋白質 (protein carbonyls, PC) 濃度在24h顯著增加；超氧化物歧化酶 (superoxide dismutase, SOD) 活性於0h顯著增加；麩胱甘肽總量 (total glutathione, TGSH) 濃度在0、7、72h顯著增加；總抗氧化能力 (total antioxidant capacity, TAC) 在0-24h顯著增加，在48-72h顯著降低；過氧化氫酶活性 (catalase activity, CAT) 在24-48h顯著降低（p＜.05）；肌酸激酶 (creatine kinase, CK) 活性、尿酸 (uric acid, UA) 濃度在訓練前至後72h間並無顯著變化。（二）規律運動組：CK活性在7h顯著增加；UA濃度在0h顯著減少；PC濃度在24h顯著增加；SOD活性於0h顯著增加；TAC在0-24h顯著增加，在48-72h顯著降低（p＜.05）；LDH活性、NO、MDA、TGSH濃度、CAT活性在訓練前至後72h間並無顯著變化。此外，兩組肌力於訓練8週後皆較訓練前增加（p＜.05），而以坐式型態組增加較多。結論：八週阻力訓練會增加兩組肌肉損傷與體內氧化壓力，但是以坐式型態組比規律運動組產生較高氧化壓力。長期阻力訓練也相對提昇兩組體內抗氧化能力，但以坐式型態組增加較多。綜上可知規律運動組從事阻力訓練不僅能提升肌力，且氧化性傷害比坐式型態組少。

Part I :
Changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity during tapering training .
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is exploring the changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity during tapering training before match. Methods: Eighteen sedentary males were recruited and divided into control and tapering group. The subjects performed resistance training at 80% of one repetition of maximum (1RM).After completed training for 8 weeks, the control group stop training and the tapering group keep training once a week for another four weeks. The blood samples were obtained before training (0W) and after training for 8, 10, 12 weeks. Results: (1) Control group: The lactate dehydrogenate (LDH) activity were increased after 8W and 10W；nitric oxide (NO) level was increased after 8W；uric acide (UA) concentration was decreased after 12W；total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were increased after 8W, 10W and 12W；catalase activity (CAT) was increased after 10W (p＜.05). (2) tapering group: creatine kinase (CK) activity was increased after 8W；LDH activity were increased after 8W, 10W and 12W；UA concentration was increased after 10W；NO level was increased after 8W；TAC were increased after 10W and 12W；CAT activity were increased after 10W and 12W（p＜.05）. Plasma malondiadehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) have no significant change during 0W-12W. Besides, the muscle strength after training in 10W and 12W were increased for two groups. Conclusion: Tapering training increased more oxidative stress and muscle damage than stop training. Both groups can increase antioxidant capacity. Stop training increases muscle strength but no oxidative damage. It is ideal training model before match for athletes.

Part II :
Comparisons of the effects of free radical production for sedentary and regular exercise students after 8-weeks resistance training.
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study were compared the effect of 8-weeks resistance training on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity between student with different exercise habits.
Methods: Seventeen males were recruited and divided into sedentary group and regular exercise group. The subjects performed resistance training at 80% of one repetition of maximum (1RM) for 8 weeks. The blood samples were obtained before training and after training immediately, 7, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results: (1) Sedentary group: The lactate dehydrogenate (LDH) activity were increased after 48 and 72h；nitric oxide (NO) level were increased after 0-24h；malondiadehyde (MDA) concentration was increased after 72h；protein carbonyls (PC) concentration was increased after 24h；superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased after 0h；total glutathione (TGSH) concentration were increased after 0, 7, and 72h；total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were increased after 0-24h but 48-72h were decreased；catalase activity (CAT) were decreased after 24-48h (p＜.05)；creatine kinase (CK) and uric acid (UA) have no significant change. (2) regular exercise group: CK activity was increased after 7h；UA was decreased after 0h；PC concentration was increased after 24h；SOD activity was increased after 0h；TAC were increased after 0-24h but decreased after 48-72h (p＜.05)；LDH, NO, MDA, TGSH and CAT have no significant change. Besides, the muscle strength after 8W training was increased for both groups. Regular exercise group increased more. Conclusion: The 8 weeks resistance training increased muscles damage and oxidative stress for both groups. Sedentary group produced oxidative stress was much than regular exercise group. The long-term resistance training was also increased antioxidant capacity, but it increases more for sedentary group. Therefore, regular exercise group couldn’t only increased muscle strength but also less oxidative damage.

縮寫表 iv
中文摘要 vii
英文摘要 xi

第壹章 緒論 1
第一節　問題背景 1
第二節　研究目的 3
第三節　研究問題 4
第四節　研究假設 5
第五節　研究範圍與限制 5
第六節　名詞解釋 6

第貳章 文獻探討 8
第一節 何謂無氧阻力運動 8
第二節　自由基的來源 9
第三節　運動氧化壓力與自由基生成 11
第四節 自由基清除系統 12
第五節 運動與氧化壓力傷害 14
第六節 缺血再灌流模式造成自由基之影響 16　

第參章 材料與方法 19
第一節 研究對象 19
第二節 研究流程與步驟 19
第三節 實驗材料 22
第四節 實驗方法 23
第五節 統計分析 35

第肆章 結果與討論 36
第一部份
第一節 受試者基本資料與自覺量表 36
第二節 結果 36
第三節 討論 38
第二部份
第一節 受試者基本資料與自覺量表 42
第二節 結果 42
第三節 討論 45

第伍章 結論與建議 49
第一節 結論 49
第二節 建議 50
引用文獻 51
圖表 61
附錄 85

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