本試驗目的在探討離乳後併欄對仔豬下視丘-腦下垂體-腎上腺軸 (Hypothalamus-pituitary-drenal axis, HPA axis) 的影響及抗緊迫藥物 azaperone的作用。選用6 胎 28 日齡仔豬，每胎3 頭，分別分配為以下三個處理組：S 組直接併欄，T 組於併欄時注射 azaperone (2mg/kg, IM)，C 組留在分娩舍。所有仔豬於併欄前及 2 小時後採血分析可體松 (cortisol) 值。第二次採血後將仔豬以電昏後放血犧牲，迅速取出下視丘、腦下垂體、腎上腺等組織置入液態氮中，以即時反轉錄聚合&;#37238;鏈反應 (real-time RT PCR) 分別測定下視丘 c-fos 及 CRH、腦下垂體c-jun 及 CRHR1、以及腎上腺CRHR1 及 MC2R 等基因表現。結果顯示，結果顯示，併欄前後之血漿可體松值僅在 S 組有升高達顯著水準 (P<0.05)。各基因表現以 C 組為基準進行比較，結果為 S 組及 T 組下視丘 c-fos呈向下調控 (down-regulation)，而腦下垂體 CRHR1 則呈向上調控 (up-regulation)，而 S 組與 T 組間各基因表現均無顯著差異。由以上結果得知離乳後併欄對仔豬造成緊迫及 HPA 軸中下視丘、腦下垂體活性改變，而注射 azaperone 可以減緩緊迫但不影響 HPA 活性。

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目次 iii
表次 vi
圖次 vii
第一章　前　言 1
第二章　文獻探討 4
第一節 緊迫的概念 4
一、緊迫的定義 4
二、相關的生理系統 4
三、緊迫因子 5
四、緊迫的適應 5
五、家畜緊迫的指標 6
六、下視丘-腦下垂體-腎上腺 (HPA) 軸活性的評估 6
第二節 緊迫對豬隻的影響 7
一、對肉豬生長性能的影響 7
二、對母豬生殖性能的影響 8
三、對免疫系統的影響 10
第三節 豬隻離乳及併欄時的緊迫及管理 10
一、離乳緊迫 10
二、併欄緊迫 11
三、併欄時間 12
四、分心 12
五、預先接觸 12
六、早期接觸 13
七、化學干擾 13
第四節 Azaperone 15
一、歷史 15
二、作用機制 15
三、安全性 16
四、藥理特性 16
第三章　材料與方法 18
第一節 研究問題及假設 18
第二節 實驗設計 18
一、前導試驗 18
二、實驗架構 19
三、飼養管理 19
四、採樣 20
五、可體松分析 20
六、基因 mRNA 相對定量 21
七、統計分析 22
第四章 結　果 23
第一節 血漿可體松值 23
第二節 基因 mRNA 相對定量 23
第五章 討　論 33
第一節 血漿可體松值變化 33
第二節 併欄對離乳仔豬 HPA 軸的影響 33
第三節 以 azaperone 處理對 HPA 軸的調控 34
第六章 結　論 37
第七章 未來研究 38
參考文獻 39
附錄一 可體松 cortisol 分析試驗原理 49
附錄二 RNA 萃取步驟 50
附錄三 反轉錄 (reverse transcription) 步驟 51
附錄四 即時聚合酶鏈反應 (real-time PCR) 52
附錄五 Real-time PCR 相對定量數據分析 (2-DDCT method) 53

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