臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

刺細胞動物與單細胞藻類可進行互利之胞內共生 (endosymbiosis)，例如共生渦鞭毛藻 (Symbiodinium spp.) 可與珊瑚之內胚層細胞行細胞內共生，然而其分子作用機制至今仍不清楚。為探討此共生機制之基因表現變化調節，本研究建立了分離束形真葉珊瑚 (Euphyllia glabrescens) 之內外胚層組織的方法，成功地取得進行共生的內胚層組織蛋白質，並以二維蛋白質電泳分析共生及非共生狀態下內胚層蛋白質體的變化。結果顯示，在高溫下，逆境反應相關的蛋白質表現顯著增加，而在白化之珊瑚中其內胚層組織有關細胞骨架、氮源代謝、嘌呤合成、蛋白質降解與蛋白質折疊等相關蛋白質的表現有顯著下降之趨勢。進一步比較這些蛋白質在外胚層表現的變化，其結果顯示與氮源循環有關的蛋白質表現在內外胚層有顯著差異，綜合以上蛋白質分子的表現變化分析顯示，珊瑚內胚層是進行能量及氮源代謝的重要胚層組織，而共生與否則直接影響了這些代謝途徑之關鍵酵素分子的表現調控。同時，本論文首度成功分離珊瑚內外胚層並進行蛋白質體學分析，應有助於進一步探討珊瑚內胚層細胞與共生藻及與外胚層的相互作用。

Endosymbiosis between coral and its photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbiont Symbiodinium spp. (also called zooxanthellae) is widespread in the marine environment. This endosymbiosis occurs inside specifc host gastrodermal cells, and its mechanism remains unclear notwithstanding decades of research. In this study, we developed an efficient protocol to isolate the epidermal and gastrodermal protein of coral (Euphyllia glabrescens) and then subjected to proteomic analysis. The data revealed that at high temperature condition, the proteins involved in stress response were up-regulated and the proteins that involved in nitrogen metabolism, cytoskeleton, de novo purine synthesis, protein degradation and protein folding were further down-regulated in the gastrodermal tissue of bleached coral. With comparative proteome analysis of epidermal and gastrodermal tissue, the preliminary data demonstrated that the proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism were differently regulated in coral epidermal and gastrodermal tissue during the high temperature stress and bleaching event. This is also the first report that performing proteomic analysis of coral gastrodermal tissue that endosymbiosis occurs inside.

謝辭 4
中文摘要 7
英文摘要 8
序論 9
第一章 11
珊瑚內外胚層分離及組織專一性蛋白質體分析方法 11
第一節 前言 12
第二節 材料與方法 13
1.2.1 珊瑚採集及馴養與觸手之收集 13
1.2.2 珊瑚組織之分離 13
1.2.3 內外胚層蛋白質的電泳分析 14
1.2.4.1 滲透壓之調整 15
1.2.4.2 Detergent 之調整 15
1.2.5 NAC對蛋白質之影響 15
1.2.6 TCA沉澱與蛋白質回溶 16
1.2.7 蛋白質定量 16
1.2.8 蛋白質二維電泳與影像分析 17
1.2.9 影像分析 18
1.2.10 蛋白質身分鑑定分析 19
1.2.10.1 Trypsin in-gel digestion procedure 19
1.2.10.2 Protein identification 20
第三節 結果 21
1.3.1 珊瑚觸手與 NAC 分離之內外胚層組織外觀 21
1.3.2 胚層專一性蛋白質之萃取及其二維蛋白質電泳分析 21
1.3.3 等滲透壓可降低藻類蛋白質的汙染 22
1.3.4 detergent 濃度降低可減少藻類的破壞 23
1.3.5 分離外胚層組織與內胚層宿主蛋白質可以提高二維凝膠電泳的解析度 24
1.3.6 NAC 處理前後對珊瑚蛋白質的影響 24
1.3.7 內外胚層特有蛋白質之鑑定與分析 25
第四節 討論 26
第五節 參考文獻 27

第二章 珊瑚遭受高溫逆境及白化時內外胚層之蛋白質體學分析 44
第一節 前言 45
第二節 材料方法 50
2.2.1 珊瑚採集及培養與觸手之收集 50
2.2.2 珊瑚組織之分離 50
2.2.3 珊瑚內胚層與外胚層組織蛋白質的萃取 51
2.2.4 TCA 沉澱與蛋白質回溶 51
2.2.5 蛋白質定量 52
2.2.6 蛋白質二維電泳與影像擷取 52
2.2.7 影像分析 53
2.2.8 蛋白質身分鑑定 54
2.2.8.1 Trypsin in-gel digestion 54
2.2.8.2 Protein identification 55
2.2.9 西方墨點法 55
2.2.9.1 蛋白質凝膠電泳 55
2.2.9.2 蛋白質電泳轉漬及呈色 56
2.2.10 石蠟切片 56
2.2.10.1組織固定與包埋 56
2.2.10.2 Hematoxylin & Eosin 染色 57
2.2.10.3 珊瑚組織之免疫螢光染色 57
2.2.10.4 珊瑚細胞之免疫螢光染色 58
第三節 結果 59
2.3.1 環境溫度升高誘導束形真葉珊瑚白化的事件 59
2.3.2 高溫下共生與非共生珊瑚內胚層組織之蛋白質二維凝膠電泳圖分析 59
2.3.3 高溫下共生與非共生珊瑚內胚層組織蛋白質的表現變化分析 60
2.3.4 以 Western blot 分析確認 Actin 及 Glutamine synthetase 在共生與非共生狀態之表現變化 61
2.3.5 以免疫學螢光法分析 Actin 在珊瑚組織內之分布 62
2.3.6 以免疫學螢光法分析Actin 在珊瑚共生細胞內之分布 63
第四節 討論 64
第五節 結論 72
第六節 參考文獻 73

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