臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文將太陽能源透過熱電致冷晶片蒸發器的設計藉此協助壓縮機省電，運用太陽能致冷晶片提供蒸發器另一個冷源，來提高冷房的效率。太陽能致冷晶片PWM控制系統，以直交粒子群演算法達成最佳功率追蹤控制，藉由提升最大功率追蹤法則來提升太陽能能量蒐集的效率。
其中空調系統中壓縮機馬達驅動器搭配功因校正電路，除了可以使輸入電流變成正弦提升市電使用效率之外，也提升了直流鏈的電壓值，有助於PWM之驅動，以降低市電的總諧波失真性能。系統中更運用熱電致冷晶片，直接幫助變頻壓縮機省電，最後應用實驗設計法找出影響整體系統之因素，以利有效降低壓縮機電力消耗。

The solar-cell thermoelectric cooler embedded in the air conditioner system for providing with a cool source to further improve the cooling efficiency of the inverter air conditioner system will be investigated in this thesis. The solar-cells are used to drive the thermoelectric cooler by using pulse width modulation (PWM). In addition, a novel orthogonal particle swarm optimization (OPSO) is used to maximize the output power of solar cells.
In the inverter air-conditioner system, a power factor corrector (PFC) is used to correct the input current to be a sinusoidal waveform to further improve power quality. Furthermore, the PFC can also be used to increase the DC link voltage. The increased DC link voltage is useful for the PWM driving of the inverter. Accordingly, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the power source will be improved by using the PFC. And the control loop to control thermoelectric cooler helps to save the power consumption for the inverter air conditioner system. The design of experiments (DOE) will be employed to find out the minimum output power for the inverter air conditioner system.

摘　要 I
Abstract II
誌　謝 III
目　錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XII
符號索引 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 太陽能光電系統 7
2.1 太陽能光電池光電轉換原理 7
2.2 太陽能最大功率追蹤 12
2.2.1 電壓迴授法 13
2.2.2 功率迴授法 13
2.2.3 擾動觀察法 13
2.2.4 增量電導法 14
2.2.5 直線近似法 15
2.2.6 實際量測法 15
2.3 太陽能光電系統型式 16
2.3.1 獨立供電型 17
2.3.2 市電併聯型 18
2.4 熱電致冷器原理 18
2.5 熱電致冷器結構 20
第三章 變頻空調系統 23
3.1 空調機原理 23
3.1.1 壓縮機 24
3.1.2 冷凝器 27
3.1.3 膨脹閥 28
3.1.4 蒸發器 30
3.2 無刷直流馬達 30
3.2.1 無刷直流馬達數學模型 31
3.3 無刷直流驅動方式 34
3.3.1 無刷直流基本驅動 34
3.3.2 120度導通方式 34
3.3.3 180度導通方式 37
3.4 直流變頻壓縮機之無感測驅動 40
3.4.1 無感測驅動原理 40
3.4.2 無感測控制器ML4425簡介 42
3.4.3 啟動對正原理與設計 45
3.4.4 斜升驅動原理與設計 48
3.4.5 速度閉迴路原理與設計 49
3.5 功率因數校正 51
3.5.1 功率因數校正原理 54
3.5.2 峰值電流控制法 57
3.5.3 磁滯電流控制法 58
3.5.4 平均電流控制法 60
3.5.5 功率因數校正晶片L4981原理 62
第四章 軟體控制方法 71
4.1 粒子群演算法原理 71
4.2 直交粒子群演算法 74
第五章 硬體架構 79
5.1 最大功率追蹤電路 80
5.2 熱電致冷器控制電路 82
5.3 無感測控制電路 85
5.3.1 三相換流器驅動電路 85
5.3.2 三相換流器電路 86
5.4 功率因數校正電路 88
5.5 其他輔助電路 89
5.5.1 輔助電源電路 89
5.5.2 電流感測器電路 91
5.6 微電腦控制器 93
5.6.1 脈波寬度調變模組功能 94
5.6.2 類比功能 97
第六章 實驗結果分析與探討 99
6.1 太陽能輔助致冷系統 99
6.1.1 最大功率追蹤 99
6.1.2 熱電致冷器 108
6.2 空調機系統 110
6.2.1 功率因數校正 110
6.2.2 無感測驅動 118
第七章 實驗設計方法 122
7.1 田口品質工程 122
7.1.1 信號雜訊比 122
7.1.2 直交表 123
7.1.3 變異數分析 124
7.1.4 品質損失函數 126
7.2 雙反應曲面法 127
7.2.1 設計組合表 130
7.2.2 建構模型 130
7.2.3 參數優化 132
7.3 實驗結果 133
7.3.1 田口方法 133
7.3.2 最佳水準組合推定 137
7.3.3 雙反應曲面法 138
第八章 結論與未來展望 144
8.1 結論 144
8.2 未來展望 144
參考文獻 146
附錄一 詞彙中英對照(依照出現順序) 151
附錄二 網路監控系統 154
作者簡歷 157

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