本研究主要探討小說《教父》中反諷用法及主題關係。《教父》曾是美國最暢銷的小說，改編成電影之後，轟動國際影壇，「教父」一夕之間成為家喻戶曉的傳奇人物。該小說問世後，引起美國輿論界極大的迴響。它有深度地揭露了黑手黨的內幕，並使讀者瞭解當代美國社會的狀況。《教父》主要是在描寫美國黑手黨的殊死鬥爭。黑手黨起源於義大利的西西里島，後來隨著移民傳入美國，在各大城建立起組織，逐漸成為美國最強大的黑社會集團。他們擁有嚴密的組織和龐大的武力，並與政府、警察相互勾結，進行有系統的犯罪活動。輿論界曾評論黑手黨形同美國的地下政府。《教父》的中心人物唐．維多．科里昂是紐約市最強大的黑手黨幫派首領。他的影響力遍及美國社會的政治、經濟及娛樂界。他心狠手辣、冷酷無情，平時給人的感覺卻是謙虛寬容、樂善好施。敬仰和崇拜他的人都稱他為「教父」。本研究將以三種常見的諷刺類型：言辭諷刺、戲劇諷刺及情境諷刺來探討《教父》中的主題。本論文共分六章。第一章主要介紹《教父》的歷史背景及社會現實。第二章深入介紹諷刺的文學價值並闡釋《教父》中的諷刺意涵。第三章探討黑手黨的發展過程中對歷史及國家、社會的諷刺。本章包含三個重點：美麗的西西里島竟是黑手黨的發源地、民主自由的美國成為黑手黨壯大的溫床及緘默幫規－黑手黨員的信念與詛咒。第四章評論科里昂家族成員的命運及其中對生命的諷刺。第五章旨在以諷刺的角度探討社會上某些人或組織所獨具主宰的力量與社會正義之間的關係。第六章總結整篇論文。

This thesis intends to explore the ironic significance in relation to the main themes in The Godfather, which is one of the most popular novels in history. It details the story of a fictitious Sicilian Mafia family settled in the U.S.A. and headed by Don Vito Corleone, who later becomes synonymous with the Italian Mafia. In this novel the author describes the life of Vito Corleone who, though a ruthless Mafia chief, is admired by his friends. It discloses not only crimes of the Mafia, but also distorts justice and misused power in American society. The main themes in the novel are discussed with the ideas of verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony. There are six chapters in this thesis. Chapter One is an introduction, which consists of the background information and other essential ideas in The Godfather. Chapter Two interprets elements of irony in the novel. Here we will focus on three kinds: verbal, situational and dramatic irony. The main target is to help readers know more about irony and its significance related to the novel. Chapter Three aims to investigate the irony of the Mafia development, which consists of ironic ideas of the historic development of the Mafia in Sicily, the damage the Mafia does after it comes to the U.S.A, and omerta–the law of silence. Chapter Four deals with the irony of the Corleone family. In this chapter the destiny of the Corleones will be discussed in relation to the irony in their lives. Chapter Five discusses ironic application of power and justice. Chapter Six concludes the ideas presented in the thesis.

Chapter One Introduction.................................1 Chapter Two Elements of Irony in The Godfather...........12 Chapter Three The Ironic Significance of the Mafia Development..............................................34 Chapter Four The Irony of the Corleone Family............51 Chapter Five Ironic Application of Power and Justice.....83 Chapter Six Conclusion...................................98 Works Cited..............................................108

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