本研究是檢測日本鰻時間序列上的遺傳變異。利用粒線體DNA分析台灣北部淡水河口連續三個月 (1999年12月至2000年12月)和二十年間 (1989年至2008年)日本鰻樣品的遺傳變動。結果顯示二十年間日本鰻樣品的平均核苷酸歧異度為0.008±0.005 (2000, 2008)至0.019±0.006 (2005)。未發現時間序列上的隔離存在 (Isolation by time)。年間日本鰻族群的遺傳歧異度與鰻線年間捕獲量呈現相似的波動。以八個具多型性之微衛星基因座分析日本鰻時間序列上的遺傳變異，各年份的平均異型合子觀測值為0.419±0.225 (2003)至0.617±0.159 (2005)。年間日本鰻樣品的異型合子比例觀測值與鰻線年間捕獲量呈現相似的波動。年間及月間的族群都具有顯著的分化現象 (Fst=0.027, Fst=0.032, p<0.01)。日本鰻樣品遺傳歧異度每年會產生變動，但未隨時間長度的增加而差異變大。以Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)的方法計算從1989年到2008年日本鰻之有效族群量 (Ne)，發現有效族群量由21379尾減至8709尾。為了漁業之永續經營，未來應該持續對日本鰻進行遺傳監測，以作為資源評估的重要指標。

The object of this study was to detect temporal genetic variations of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Temporal genetic fluctuation of Japanese eel elvers in the Tanshui Estuary, northern Taiwan from Dec. 1999 to Feb. 2000 and from 1989 to 2008 were examined using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci. Mean pairwise nucleotide diversity of mtDNA between nine yearly sample ranged from 0.008±0.005 (2000, 2008) to 0.019±0.006 (2005). Mean pairwise nucleotide diversity between sample from Dec. 1999 to Feb. 2000 ranged from 0.008±0.004 (Jan. 2000) to 0.015±0.003 (Feb. 2000). This result did not conform to genetic isolation by time. The fluctuations of nucleotide diversity within nine yearly samples expressed a significantly similar pattern with the annual catch of elvers. The means observed heterozygosity (Ho) within yearly samples from eight polymorphic microsatellite loci ranged from 0.419±0.225 (2003) to 0.617±0.159 (2005). The Ho fluctuations of yearly samples have a significantly similar pattern with the annual catch of elvers during 1989 and 2008. The significant differentiation was determined from all yearly and monthly samples (Fst=0.027, Fst=0.032, p<0.01). The genetic diversity of Japanese eel samples occurred yearly fluctuation which was not extended by prolong temporal distance. To evaluate effective population size (Ne) of Japanese eel using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Ne was decline from 21379 (1989) to 8709 (2008). The population genetic structure of Japanese eel is an important indicator to assay fishery resources. For sustainable management of Japanese eel fishery, we should continuously detected the genetic fluctuation in the future.

摘要……………………………………………………………І
Abstract……………………………………………………III
謝誌……………………………………………………………V
目錄……………………………………………………………VI
圖表目錄……………………………………………………VIII
第1章 前言……………………………………………………1
1.1 日本鰻之生物學探討……………………………………1
1.2 日本鰻鰻線在養殖產業上的需求………………………3
1.3 評估漁業資源有效族群量之重要性……………………5
1.4 日本鰻族群遺傳結構的研究……………………………6
1.5 族群遺傳結構之研究工具………………………………9
1.6 粒線體……………………………………………………9
1.7 微衛星……………………………………………………14
第2章 研究目的………………………………………………18
第3章 材料與方法……………………………………………19
3.1 取樣………………………………………………………19
3.2 DNA萃取…………………………………………………19
3.3 粒線體分析方法…………………………………………22
3.4 微衛星分析方法…………………………………………26
第4章 結果……………………………………………………31
4.1 粒線體分析結果…………………………………………31
4.2 微衛星分析結果…………………………………………55
第5章 討論……………………………………………………89
5.1 二十年間日本鰻族群的遺傳變異………………………89
5.2 連續三個月日本鰻族群的遺傳變異……………………96
5.3 日本鰻族群有效族群量的探討…………………………98
第6章 結論……………………………………………………99
參考文獻………………………………………………………100
作者簡介………………………………………………………111

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