奈米碳管是一種新型的碳材料。從奈米碳管被發現到現今為止，它的各項特性都一直令人好奇與驚喜，如機械強度、韌性、導熱性、電傳導方向都有優異表現，均遠超過於一般鋼鐵材料，因此受到許多學者廣泛研究與討論。近年來已有許多利用奈米碳管於高分子聚合物的複合材料研究，其目的在於提升高分子複合材料的性能。本論文主要針對多壁奈米碳管添加於聚氨酯發泡為複合材料作隔振相關性能研究；首先利用田口品質工程法(Taguchi Method)對多壁奈米碳管/聚氨酯發泡複合材料進行穩健最佳化製程設計，藉由力阻隔實驗以獲得最佳化製程參數。接著使用最佳化製程之新隔振複合材料對結構阻尼、吸收能量進行分析研究，並利用窄頻譜與倍頻譜進行隔振墊片的隔振性能分析。同時使用掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)觀察多壁奈米碳管在聚氨酯發泡材料分佈情況。

The carbon nanotube is a new kind of carbon materials. Since it has been found, there are several marvel properties related to this material, such as good conductivity of heat and electricity, superb mechanical strength and toughness higher than steel, which are popularly reported by engineers. Recently, a lot of researches about CNT/polymer composite have been made in order to enhance the performance of such material. This work is focused on the research of using the MWCNT/PU foam composite as the vibration isolator material. First, the Taguchi Method is used to obtain the robust design and the optimal parameters of fabrication for the MWCNT/PU foam composite. Under the optimized settings, the analyses of the structure damping and energy absorption of the new proposed polymer composite material have been done, too. The narrow bandwidth and octave bandwidth spectrum are equipped to analyze the abilities of the vibration absorption of the anti-vibration sample pad. Finally, we use the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the dispersion condition of MWCNT/PU Foam composite.

摘要.................................................................................................................Ⅰ
Abstract...........................................................................................................Ⅱ
謝誌.................................................................................................................Ⅲ
目錄.................................................................................................................Ⅳ
表目錄.............................................................................................................Ⅸ
圖目錄............................................................................................................ XI
符號索引..................................................................................................... XVI
第1章 緒論......................................................................................................1
1.1研究背景與動機......................................................................................1
1.2論文架構..................................................................................................3
第2章 文獻回顧..............................................................................................4
2.1奈米碳管結構..........................................................................................5
2.2奈米碳管製造及純化方法......................................................................6
2.2.1奈米碳管製造....................................................................................6
2.2.2奈米碳管純化....................................................................................8
2.3官能基奈米碳管......................................................................................9
2.4奈米碳管特性........................................................................................11
2.4.1機械性能..........................................................................................11

2.4.2電學性能..........................................................................................13
2.4.3熱性能..............................................................................................15
2.5聚氨脂發泡............................................................................................16
2.5.1聚氨脂發泡的高分子化學原理......................................................17
2.5.2聚氨脂發泡的物理性質..................................................................18
2.6奈米複合材料........................................................................................19
2.6.1奈米碳管應用領域..........................................................................19
2.6.2奈米碳管於複合材料之應用..........................................................20
2.6.3奈米碳管於複合材料中的分散問題..............................................21
2.6.4奈米碳管/聚氨脂複合材料.............................................................22
第3章 田口法原理........................................................................................23
3.1品質損失函數定義................................................................................23
3.2品質特性(目標函數值)的種類.............................................................25
3.3直交表....................................................................................................27
3.4田口法分析程序....................................................................................28
3.4.1定義目標函數................................................................................. 28
3.4.2定義設計參數與水準......................................................................28
3.4.3選擇直交表......................................................................................28
3.4.4平均數分析(ANOM) ......................................................................29

3.4.5變異數分析(ANOVA) ....................................................................30
3.4.6確認實驗..........................................................................................31
第4章 多壁奈米碳管/聚氨脂發泡複合材料分散製程穩健設計...............33
4.1靜態最佳化設計....................................................................................33
4.1.1定義目標函數..................................................................................34
4.1.2定義設計參數水準與直交表..........................................................34
4.2力阻隔原理............................................................................................35
4.3隔振試片製作........................................................................................36
4.3.1試片規格..........................................................................................36
4.3.2試片製作材料..................................................................................36
4.3.3多壁奈米碳管改質..........................................................................39
4.3.4試片製作設備及儀器......................................................................39
4.3.5試片製作..........................................................................................41
4.4力阻隔性實驗........................................................................................47
4.4.1實驗設備及儀器..............................................................................47
4.4.2實驗步驟..........................................................................................49
4.4.3實驗結果..........................................................................................49
4.4.3.1高度方向.....................................................................................50
4.4.3.2水平方向.....................................................................................55

4.5平均數分析............................................................................................61
4.5.1高度方向..........................................................................................61
4.5.2水平方向..........................................................................................65
4.6變異數分析............................................................................................69
4.6.1高度方向..........................................................................................69
4.6.2水平方向..........................................................................................69
4.7結構之阻尼比特性................................................................................70
4.7.1理論公式..........................................................................................70
4.7.2試片尺寸..........................................................................................72
4.7.3實驗儀器..........................................................................................73
4.7.4阻尼比實驗......................................................................................74
4.8掃描式電子顯微鏡分析........................................................................77
第5章 多壁奈米碳管/聚氨脂發泡複合材料隔振性能研究.......................79
5.1隔振原理................................................................................................79
5.2隔振墊片隔振性能量測分析................................................................82
5.2.1隔振墊片製作..................................................................................83
5.2.2實驗儀器設備..................................................................................85
5.2.3實驗架構與程序..............................................................................86
5.2.4分析方法..........................................................................................88

5.2.5窄頻譜分析與倍頻譜分析介紹......................................................88
5.2.6實驗結果與討論..............................................................................90
5.3 MWCNT/PU Foam複合材料吸收能量性質.......................................96
5.3.1實驗分析..........................................................................................96
5.3.2實驗結果與討論..............................................................................96
第6章 結論與建議........................................................................................98
6.1多壁奈米碳管/聚氨脂發泡複合材料之分散製程穩健設計方面.......98
6.2多壁奈米碳管/聚氨脂發泡複合材料結構阻尼方面...........................98
6.3多壁奈米碳管/聚氨脂發泡複合材料隔振性能研究方面...................99
6.4檢討與建議............................................................................................99
6.5未來發展..............................................................................................100
參考文獻.......................................................................................................101
作者簡介.......................................................................................................105

1. Ijima, S., Brabec, C., Maiti, A., Bernholc, J.J.,(1996), “Structural flexibility of carbon nanotubes”, Chem. Phys, Vol. 104, pp. 2089-2092.
2. 成會明，2004，奈米碳管，五南圖書出版股份有限公司，台北市。
3. Ajayan, P.M., Charlier, J.C., Rinzler, A.G.,(1999), “Carbon nanotubes: From macromolecules to nanotechnology”, National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 96, No. 25, pp. 14199-14200.
4. 黃德歡，2002，改變世界的奈米技術，瀛舟出版社，台北市。
5. 吳舜英，徐敬一，1997，塑膠發泡成型技術，台南復文書局出版社，台南。
6. 莊鎮宇，1999，「奈米碳管在熱裂解化學氣相沉積法中的成長機制研究」，博士論文，國立清華大學，新竹。
7. Iijima, S., C. Brabec, A. Maiti, and J. Bernholc (1996) Structural flexibility of carbon nanotubes. The Journal of Chemical Physics 104(5): 2089-2092
8. T. Ichihashi, S. Iijima, Nature, 363, 603(1993).
9. D. S. Bethune, C. H. Kiang, M. S. Vries, G. Gorman, R. Savoy, J. Vasquez, R.Beyers, Nature, 363, 605 (1993).
10. Heath, Scientific American December (2000) P.65.
11. Pirio, G. et al, “Fabrication and electrical characteristics of carbon nanotubefield emission microcathodes with an integrated gate electrode”nanotechnology V13. pp1-4(2002)
12. T.H.WTBZHenning, F. Salama. Science.282, 2204. (1998)
13. 美國Rice大學R. E. Smalley研究小組網上圖片http://cnst.rice.edu/
14. M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, P.C. Eklund. Science of Fullerences and Carbon Nanotubes. San Diego : Academic Press (1996)
15. S. Iijima. Nature. 354.56.(1991)
16. Y. Saito and S. Uemura, Carbon, 38, 169(2000).
17. 楊育峰，2003，「奈米碳管接枝幾丁聚醣之物性研究」，碩士論文，國立雲林科技大學，雲林。
18. 張怡玲，葉建南，2006，「以分子動力學研究奈米碳管金屬基複合材料之機械性質」，碩士論文，機械工程所，嘉義。

19. Fu-Hsiang Ko, Chung-Yang Lee, Chu-Jung Ko, and Tieh-Chi Chu, Carbon, 43,727 (2005).
20. H.L. Wu, Y.T. Yang, C.C.M. Ma, H.C. Kuan, Journal of Polymer Sccience:Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 43, 6084-6094,( 2005).
21. F. Tournus, S. Latil, M.I. Heggie, J,-C. Charlier, Physical Review B, 72, 075431
22. C.C.M. Ma, Y.L. Huang, Y.S.Kuan, Y.S.Chiu, Preparation and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Characteristics of Novel Carbon-Nanotube/Siloxane: Poly(urea urethane)Nanocomposite, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol.43, 345-358,( 2005).
23. Y. Chen, R.C. Haddon, S. Fang, Chemical attachment of organic functional groups to a single-walled carbon nanotube material. Jounal of material research, 13, 2423,( 1998)
24. 馬振基，顏詮佑，王崇豪，2005，「碳奈米管/聚氨酯樹脂(PU)之研發現況」，塑膠資訊，第45-55頁。
25. E.Dujardin, T.W. Ebbesen, A. Krishnan, P.N. Yianilos, M.M.J. Treacy, Phys. Rev. B(1998), 58, 14013
26. M.M.J. Treacy, T.W. Ebbesen, J.M. Gibson, Nature (1996), 381, 678
27. Lourie O, Wagner HD. J Mater Res (1998), 13: 2973
28. Treacy MMJ, Ebbesen TW, Gibson JM. Nature.(1996), 381: 678
29. Sinnott SB, Shenderova OA, White CT, et al. Carbon.( 1998), 36: 1
30. Lu JP. Phys Rev Lett. 1997, 79: 1297
31. Wong, E. W., P. E. Sheehan, and C. M. Lieber (1997) Nanobeam mechanics: elasticity, strength, and toughness of nanorods and nanotubes. Science 277: 1971-1975.
32. Poncharal, P., Z. L. Wang, D. Ugarte, and W. A. D. Heer (1999) Electrostatic deflections and electromechanical resonances of carbon nanotubes. Science 283: 1513-1516.
33. Ebbesen, T. W., H. J. Lezec, H. Hiura, J. W. Bennett, H. F. Ghaemi, and T. Thio (1996) Electrical conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes. Nature 382: 54-56.
34. 吳德和，陳政陞，陳信華，陳文照，2005，「單壁奈米碳管之振動分析」，2005年ANSYS台灣區年度應用研討會與用戶聯誼大會，花連縣，4-51-4-58頁。
35. JWG Wildoer, LC Venema, AG Rinzler,RE Smalley, C Dekker, Nature 391, 59(1998) .
36. SJ Tans, MH Devoret, HJ D ai, A Thess,RE Smalley, LJ Geerligs, C Dekker, Nature,386,474 (1997)
37. M Bockrath, et aI. Science 275, 1922(1997) .
38. L Langer, et aI., Physical Review Letters,76,479 (1996) .
39. R Saito, G Deresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus,Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes,Imperial College Press; London, (1998)
40. H Dai, EW Wong, CM Lieber, Science 272,52 (1996) .
41. L. S. K. Pang, J. D. Saxby, S.P. Chatfield, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 6941 (1993).
42. R. S. Ruoff, D. C. Lorent, Phys. Rev., 33, 925 (1995).
43. S. Berber, Y. K. kwon, D. Tomanek, Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, 4613 (2000).
44. M. A. Osman, D. Srivastava, Nanotechnolory, 12, 21 (2001).
45. 文通，2003，「聚氨酯泡沫」，橡膠工業，第十期，第27卷。
46. 謝國煌，曾勝茂，2003，「和我們形影不離的聚胺酯製品」，科學發展362，第22-25頁。
47. 楊博名，1998，「聚胺基甲酸酯彈性體之合成與研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學，台南。
48. 曾文聰，2001，PU 發泡體的結構與性質」，碩士論文，國立中央大學，中壢。
49. 李文昭，張嘉文，2004，「醇酸樹脂製造聚胺脂發泡體之探討」，林業研究季刊，第26卷，第 27-36頁。
50. Galiotis, C, Melanitis, N, Vlattas, C, Wall, A., Interfacial measurement in single fibre mode composites. In: Proceedings of the Second International conference on deformation and fracture of composites. The Manchester Conference Centre, UMIST,Manchester, UK, 29–31 March (1993).
51. Zheng S.F, Denda M, Weng, G.J. Interfacial partial debonding and its influence on the elasticity of a two phase composite. Mech Mater (2000);32:695–709.
52. Gojny, F.H.; Wichmann, M.H.G.; Köpke, U.; Fiedler, B.; Schulte, K., Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-composites: enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content, Composites Science and Technology Volume: 64, Issue: 15, November,( 2004), pp. 2363-2371.
53. Ma RZ, Wu J,Wei BQ et al., J Master Sci.( 1999), 34:5281.
54. Gong X Y, Liu J, Baskaran S, et al., Chem Mater, 2000, 12:1049.
55. Kabir, Md. E., and Saha, M.C., and Jeelani,S.,(2007), “Effect of Ultrasound Sonication in Carbon Nanofibers/Polyurethane Foam Composite” Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol.459, pp111-116.
56. 隋剛，梁吉，朱躍峰，「碳內納米管預處理方法對天然橡膠/純化碳納米管複合材料力學性能的影響」，中國合成橡膠工業，第6卷，第348-351頁。
57. 蘇朝墩，品質工程，中華民國品質學會，民國九十一年。
58. Taguchi, G., “Introduction to Quality Engineering”, Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo,(1990).
59. 張志平，吳碩傑，2004，「四行程機車引擎電子控制系統之建立與控制方法」，碩士論文，華梵大學，台北。
60. 張志平、徐鳴鮫，2004，行石砮擲遠及擲高實驗並利用STATISTICA、MINITAB及Design Expert 軟體分析」，碩士論文，華梵大學，台北。
61. 吳德和，陳政陞，2006，「多壁奈米碳管/環氧基樹脂複合材料之分散製程穩健設計與機械性能研究」，碩士論文，國立屏東科技大學，屏東。
62. 吳德和，鄒明宏，2007，「多壁奈米碳管/天然橡膠複合材料之隔振性能研究」，碩士論文，國立屏東科技大學，屏東。
63. 王柏村，2002，振動學，全華科技圖書，台北市。
64. 馬志高，陳德煒，鮑天明，2004，「艦艇彈性防振墊性能研究」，碩士論文，國防大學，桃園。
65. D. H. Robertson, D. W. Brenner, J. W. Mintmire, Physical Review B, 45,12592,(1992).