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Applying the is rarely structural equation modeling (SEM) in the environmental engineering. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze the relationship between the water-soluble ion concentrations in suspended particulate matter and the factors of traffic source. The data in this study is collected from the December 2004 to August 2005 (Hung, 2006). The data of the water-soluble ion concentrations in suspended particulate matter collected in the traffic sources, including Fluoride, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Sodium, Ammonium, Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium. Moreover, the data associated with the factors of traffic source (i.e. particulate matter and total traffic fluxes and the data related the meherogliced factors (i.e. temperature, Humidity, wind speed, pressure, LUX.), the population density and vegetation coverage. In this study, at first it is gained the Pearson correlation matrix by using the software, SPSS, then get the result by using the software, LISREL, and the programming language ‘SIMPLIS’. Results indicates the value of squared multiple correlations (SMC) for Ammonium 36.1% is the highest among those tested ions, and then the values of Sulfate and Chloride are 25.1% and 21.2%, respectively. Results also imply that most of factors we chosen in this study are coefficient described the characteristic of those water- soluble concentrations in many sampling filed and sites. This indicated that many factors coild uncover in this study. Nine tested ions are only discussed in this study; however the correlation between the sources of traffic is verified. In the future more detail discussion and insightful investigation are necessary.
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