臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來利用基因調控的方法在動物行為上的研究雖有初步的成果，但是其根本的機制尚待進一步的探討。在研究基因調控神經網路進而影響到行為的領域中，有兩大方向：其一為硬體部分，也就是神經網路的結構；另一為軟體部分，也就是神經網路所傳遞的訊息及這些訊息的調控。在本篇論文中，我們著重在硬體部分並試著建立一個影像整合平台，希望能夠完成腦袋神經網路的建構。由於果蠅在行為學研究上的廣泛應用和有大量的基因工具可以使用，因此我們選擇果蠅這種模式生物來當作平台建立的基礎。我們採用兩種方法來建立果蠅的標準腦：其一為利用果蠅腦袋的機率分佈圖來決定平均腦袋的外型；其二為利用三維空間的距離分佈圖來決定平均腦袋的外型，另外也試圖比較這兩種方法的優劣。除了完成腦形的平均模型，蕈狀體平均模型也被合理的放在平均腦中，同時一個立體座標系統也被放入標準模型裡。以蕈狀體做為一個地標，我們可以將一個個神經細胞放入所完成的標準腦中。在本文中我們也展示該平台能夠將來自不同實驗的資料進行整合，像是在共軛焦顯微鏡下基因表現綠色螢光蛋白的資料或是利用不同基因工具所產生的單細胞影像資料…等等。除了整合的功能外，我們也開發了許多搜尋及分析資料的工具，希望能給予科學家在研究腦部功能時一點靈感。

The study of behavior in terms of genes has been appreciated but the underlying mechanism has not been fully explained. Currently there are two major targets for researches in the field: the first is aimed at the hardware, the structure of the circuitry; the second is to study the information flow and its modification. Here, we focus on the “hardware” part, and try to propose a platform for building a complete circuitry. Since Drosophila melanogaster is recognized as a model system for studying the mechanism underlying the behavior, we choose this model organism as our framework to build the platform. Two methods were adopted to reconstruct an average model: the first one, the average shape is determined from the intensity map of the samples. In the second one, the average shape is determined from a 3D distance map of brain surfaces. The efficacy of these two methods is discussed. In addition to the average shape of whole brain, the average mushroom body is constructed and located within the average brain. A global coordination in the average brain is also assigned. Single neurons with their associated mushroom body, as the landmark are transformed into the standard brain accordingly. We demonstrated that the platform can be used to archive spatial patterns of gene expressions and single neurons and other types’ images of protein in Drosophila brain and many searching and analysis tools we have developed would give scientists an insight about how the brain works.

Table of contents
Abstract iii
摘要 iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of contents vi
Introduction 1
Materials and Methods 4
Fly Stocks 4
Fly dissection and Immuno-staining with Disclarge antibody 4
Image acquisition with a confocal microscopy 4
Image segmentation 5
Generation of the 3D average models 6
Image stitching 7
Results 8
The inner structure of a fly brain 8
Model generation through intensity map 9
Model generation through shape averaging algorithm 10
Archiving data 10
Database applications 11
Discussions 13
The flybrain 13
Model construction 13
Data archiving 14
Database applications 14
References 16
Figures 18

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