臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近來石油及各生質能源短缺情形日漸嚴重，太陽能電池亦因此而更受重視、投資發展。無機矽太陽能電池自始至終皆有成本過高之致命傷，有別於此，有機太陽能電池以成本低廉、製程簡易快速且可以軟性物質為基板等特性，未來之發展備受矚目。
我們嘗試了三種結構來製作串疊太陽能電池。其一，將共軛高分子與有機小分子以Au作串疊，主動層材料分別為P3HT、PCBM與CuPc、C60，利用兩者光吸收波長範圍互補之特性，增加元件對光之吸收效率，其中高分子元件採溶液製程，以旋轉塗佈之方式成膜，而小分子元件則使用蒸鍍製程，以真空熱蒸鍍之方式成膜。其二，將兩共軛高分子串疊，同樣以Au作連接，藉由調變P3HT與PCBM之混合比例，讓兩個子元件之光吸收波長範圍不同，目的為製作VOC大JSC小之元件，將來可應用於大面積元件製作，減少電流經ITO路徑之能量損耗。其三，將正反相元件直接黏合。
本論文主要在研究有機串疊太陽能電池之製程方法，如何正確地定義層與層間之面積，以及如何真實地量測串疊元件與其子元件之效應。

Recently, the shortage of gasoline is getting serious. As a result, people pay much more attention to solar cells. Unfortunately, high cost is always a main problem for inorganic silicon solar cells to apply commercially. With characteristics of simple and cost-effective fabrication process, moreover, flexible materials being the substrate, organic solar cells play an more and more important role in the future.
We try to fabricate three kinds of tandem cells. The first cell is a bulk heterojunction consisting blending of P3HT and PCBM combined with blending of CuPc and C60 by gold as an interlayer. The efficiency of spectrum absorption will be enhanced by means of matching two active layers with complementary spectrum range. The blending of P3HT and PCBM was spin-coated on ITO-coated glass and small molecules was coated by evaporation. The second cell is combination of two conjugated polymers with the same interlayer and it is all-solution process. We adjust concentration ratio between P3HT and PCBM of two unit cells to make them absorb different spectrum range. The third one is formed by one normal-cell sticking to one inverted-cell.
The main work we studied is the method how to fabricate tandem cells and how to accurately define areas overlapped by every layer. Finally, we also studied how to reasonably and correctly measure tandem cells and the effect of two unit cells.

中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
致謝 Ⅲ
目錄 Ⅴ
Chapter 1 序論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.1 太陽能電池產業發展 1
1.1.2 有機太陽能電池 2
1.2 文獻回顧 5
1.2.1 有機小分子太陽能元件 5
1.2.2 Tandem太陽能元件 7
1.3 研究動機 12
1.3.1 有機高分子太陽能電池之優點 12
1.3.2 P3HT與PCBM混合有機高分子太陽能電池 13
1.3.3 為何發展Tandem cell 13
1.4 論文架構 16
Chapter 2 實驗原理與材料介紹 17
2.1 太陽能元件簡介 17
2.1.1 基本原理 17
2.1.2 操作原理 20
2.1.3 基本參數 23
2.2 材料介紹 25
2.2.1 共軛高分子材料 25
2.2.2 有機小分子材料 27
2.3 本研究之元件結構與能帶 29
Chapter 3 實驗製程 31
3.1 ITO基板蝕刻與圖樣化 31
3.2 使用儀器、器具、溶劑與材料 34
3.3 ITO基板清洗 36
3.4 高分子Normal cell 36
3.4.1 PEDOT：PSS電洞傳輸層成膜 36
3.4.2 P3HT：PCBM主動層成膜 37
3.4.3 陰極電極蒸鍍 37
3.5 小分子Normal cell 38
3.5.1 CuPc：C60 / C60主動層蒸鍍 38
3.5.2 電洞阻擋層蒸鍍 39
3.5.3 陰極電極蒸鍍 39
3.6 高分子-小分子Tandem cell 40
3.6.1 高分子Sub-cell 40
3.6.2 連接層蒸鍍 41
3.6.3 小分子Sub-cell 42
3.7 高分子-高分子Tandem cell 44
3.7.1 第一高分子Sub-cell 44
3.7.2 連接層蒸鍍 44
3.7.3 第二高分子Sub-cell 44
3.8 封裝 46
3.9 量測 48
3.9.1 Normal cell效率與I-V特性 48
3.9.2 Tandem cell與Sub-cells之I-V特性 48

3.10 其他製程 50
Chapter 4 實驗結果與討論 51
4.1 高分子Normal cell 51
4.2 小分子Normal cell 53
4.2.1 SnPc測試 53
4.2.2 CuPc測試 56
4.2.3 小分子Normal cell最佳化 58
4.3 高分子-小分子Tandem cell 64
4.3.1 結構與pattern設計 64
4.3.2 測試與結果 65
4.3.3 結論 72
4.4 高分子-高分子Tandem cell 73
4.4.1 結構與pattern設計 73
4.4.2 測試與結果 74
4.4.3 高分子-高分子Tandem cell最佳化 75
4.4.4 結論 84
4.5 正反相元件黏接測試 85
4.5.1 結構 85
4.5.2 黏著劑介紹與配置 85
4.5.3 製程過程與結果 86
4.5.4 結論 91
Chapter 5 總結 92
參考文獻 93

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