臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of delaying the supplementation of crystalline amino acid in plant protein source (soybean protein concentrate) on the growth and ammonia excretion of Oreochromis mossambicus.A soy protein concentrate base diet (30%CP) was prepared and crystalline amino acids were supplemented to emulate a fishmeal based control diet. A ration of 30% ABW containing 70% amino acid was administered 1hr, 2hr and 3hr (Diets: TT1, TT2, TT3 respectively) after fish received an initial 70% amount with 30% AA.
After 8 weeks, fish given the control diet and the diets supplemented with crystalline amino acid were significantly higher than those fed the basal diet in percent weight gain. No significant differences were observed among diets fed neither a delayed supplementation of a crystalline amino acid nor by differing feeding frequency (p > 0.05). However diet AA70%30% (165.4%) performed better than AA (142.9%) possibly due to increased number of feeding times. Fish fed diet with delayed amino acid 2 hours (TT2) (172.9%) performed better than fish fed TT1 and TT3 (158.5% and 148.9% respectively) with TT1 better than TT3. The feed conversion ratio for Diet TT2 is better than the other amino acid supplemented diets. Daily ammonia excretion was highest in fish fed diet TT3 (48.07 NH3-N mg/100g) followed by the Diets TT1 and TT3(37.0 and 37.4 NH3-N mg/100g, respectively) and the control diet giving the least (34.4 NH3-N mg/100g). On basis of growth performance, increasing feeding frequency from one time to twice a meal, and supplementing crystalline amino acids to soybean protein concentrate at different time intervals shows that, feeding two hours after initial meal seems to improve growth and utilization of amino acid in juvenile Oreochromis mossambicus.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3
ABSTRACT 3
GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
TILAPIA 3
TILAPIA - Oreochromis mossambicus 3
FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND ENVIRONMENT OF O. mossambicus 3
TILAPIA CULTURE 3
LITERATURE REVIEW
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 3
PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS 3
AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS 3
AMINO ACID UTILIZATION 3
SOYBEAN MEAL AS A FEED INGREDIENT 3
DIGESTION, ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION 3
EXCRETION OF METABOLIC WASTES 3
FEEDING FREQUENCY 3
PROBLEM FORMULATION 3
EXPERIMENT 3
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 3
GROWTH TRIAL 3
POST PRANDIAL AMMONIA EXCRETION TRIAL 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS 3
FISH MANAGEMENT 3
FEED PREPARATION 3
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 3
BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 3
CALCULATIONS 3
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 3
RESULTS
GROWTH 3
SURVIVAL 3
FEED CONVERSION RATE 3
BIO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS 3
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 3
AMMONIA EXCRETION 3
DISCUSSIONS 3
CONCLUSIONS 3
BIBLIOGRAPHY 3


TABLES
Table 1 Essential Amino Acid Requirements of tilapia as % of Dietary protein and of Total Diet (in parenthesis) 3
Table 2 Formula for diet used for growing young Oreochromis mossambicus and also for conditioning prior to commencement of trial 3
Table 3 Formulation of Experimental Diets 3
Table 4a Amounts of amino acid supplemented in diets for the time trial diets expressed as percentage of diet 3
Table 4b Amino acid profile of basal and control diets expressed as percentage of diet 3
Table 5 Growth Performance of Weight gain, Specific Growth rate (SGR), Feed Conversion rate (FCR) Condition factor (CF) and Survival (SR) of tilapia fed crystalline amino acid at delayed interval (n=3) 3
Table 6 Summary of orthogonal contrasts of parameters in growth and Ammonia excretion of tilapia fed crystalline amino acid at delayed intervals (n=3) 3
Table 7 Biological parameters of growth on tilapia fed delayed supplements of crystalline amino acid 3
Table 8 Plasma glucose (GLU) ( mg/d?), Plasma Triglyceride (TG) (mg/d?) Total Protein (TP) (g/d?) of tilapia fed diets with delayed supplements of crystalline amino acids (n=3) 3
Table 9 Total post prandial Ammonia excretion (NH3-N mg/100g BW per hour) and 24 hour period of ammonia excretion by tilapia after feeding diets with crystalline AA at different time interval from the first feeding 3
Table 10Utilization of amino acids in fish species 3
Table 11 Dietary Protein Requirements of some species of tilapia at different salinities 3


FIGURES
Figure 1 Feeding strategy of diets containing crystalline amino acids. 3
Figure 2 Cumulative ammonia excretion produced per hour expressed as NH3-N mg/100g body weight per hour 3
Figure 3 Re-circulating system used for the Trials 1

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