臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討台灣北部海域沿岸沉積物中重金屬濃度變化及分布機制。以台灣北部桃竹、台北、基隆、北宜四個分海範圍近岸十四個測站，於2003-2007年間進行之十九次底泥樣品採集(2003年三次，2004-2007年每年各四次)，針對253個沈積物樣品中有機碳濃度及重金屬(Cu 、Pb、 Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Al)含量與顆粒粒徑分析結果資料，藉由多變量統計分析及環境評估方法，說明沿岸海域污染及富集程度並探討其主要影響因子。結果顯示北部海域重金屬平均濃度以鋅值最高；鉻、銅、鉛、砷次之，鎘和汞的濃度最低。重金屬污染因子(contamination factor)評估結果顯示砷、鎘、汞為高度污染。2007年度重金屬富集因子(enrichment factor)評估結果，平均值依序為砷(89.05 mg/kg )>汞(10.50 mg/kg) >鋅(7.82 mg/kg) >鉛(7.80 mg/kg) >銅(5.30 mg/kg )>鉻(2.41 mg/kg) >鎘(1.32 mg/kg)，其中以員山子分洪隧道出海口、和平島衛生污水處理廠、八斗子垃圾場三個測站為最高。地質累積指數（index of geoaccumulation）評估結果，污染等級列為重度污染有241筆，重度污染到嚴重污染有12筆，其中員山子分洪隧道出海口測站占4筆，此一現象說明人為因素及不當排放所造成的衝擊遠大於自然的影響。以相關性分析及主成份分析結果，重金屬分布主要影響因子歸納有人為外來因子；有機錯和因子；顆粒效應因子等三大項。

This thesis studies the variation of concentration and the mechanism for the distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Northern Taiwan coast. The samples were collected from 14 stations in four coastal areas : Taoyuan-Hsinchu, Taipei, Keelung, and Taipei- Yilan. From 2003 to 2007, 19 times of sediment sample collections were conducted ( 3 times in 2003, 4 times of each consecutive years). The concentration of organic carbon and heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As, Hg, Al) of 253 sediments were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis and environmental impact assessment methods , in order to understand the magnitude of the contamination and to identify the contributing factors.The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metals followed by Zn> Cr>Cu> Pb> As> Cd > Hg. The Contamination Factor Analysis reveals that As, Cd and Hg are the main contributing factors for the contamination. The 2007 Enrichment Factor Analysis also illustrates the average value of heavy metal contamination, which are listed as follows: As(89.05mg/kg)>Hg(10.50 mg/kg) > Zn(7.8 2 mg/kg)> Pb(7.80 mg/kg)>Cu(5.30 mg/kg)> Cr(2.41 mg/kg)> Cd(1.32mg/kg). Three stations( the exit of Yuan Sun Zi deluge, He Ping Island sewage works, and Ba Dou Zi landfill) have the highest average value among all 14 stations. Index of Geo-accumulation also indicates that 241 sediment samples are labeled as “highly contaminated”, 12 samples are “seriously contaminated”. 4 out of the 12 samples labeled as “seriously contaminated” were collected from the exit of Yuan Sun Zi deluge Station, which explains that anthropogenic sources and improper human discharge outweigh the natural factors in coastal contamination. In summary, three factors： anthropogenic source, organic compound, and particle-effective are identified as the main contributing factors for the coastal contamination, by analyzing the correlation and principal component of heavy metals in sediment of
Northern Taiwan coast.

第一章 前 言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 沉積物中重金屬分布 3
2.2 沉積物顆粒與質地分級 4
2.3 重金屬污染評估 8
2.3.1 污染因子(contamination factor) 9
2.3.2 富集因子(enrichment factor) 9
2.3.3 地質積累指數（index of geoaccumulation） 10
第三章 研究區域與方法 11
3.1 研究區域概況 11
3.2 採樣與分析方法 13
3.2.1 王水消化法 13
3.2.2 砷化氫原子吸收光譜法 13
3.2.3 冷蒸氣原子吸收光譜法 14
3.3 資料收集及彙整 14
3.4 相關性分析說明 15
3.5 主成份分析說明 17
3.5.1 主成份分析的發展及用途 17
3.5.2 主成分分析的性質 18
3.5.3 主成份分析的代數意義 18
3.5.4 主成份個數選取原則 20
3.5.5 主成分分析注意事項 21
第四章 結果與討論 22
4.1 重金屬及有機物濃度分布 22
4.1.1 桃竹海域重金屬及有機物濃度分布 22
4.1.2 台北海域重金屬及有機物濃度分布 22
4.1.3 基隆海域重金屬及有機物濃度分布 23
4.1.4 北宜海域重金屬及有機物濃度分布 23
4.2 質地分級 30
4.3 重金屬污染評估 33
4.3.1 污染因子(contamination factor) 33
4.3.2 富集因子(enrichment factor) 41
4.3.3 地質積累指數（index of geoaccumulation） 44
4.4 相關性分析 45
4.5 主成份分析 51
4.5.1 桃竹海域底泥沉積物之主成份分析 52
4.5.2 台北海域底泥沉積物之主成份分析 53
4.5.3 基隆海域底泥沉積物之主成份分析 54
4.5.4 北宜海域底泥沉積物之主成份分析 56
4.5.5粗顆粒質地底泥沉積物之主成份分析 56
4.5.6混和型質地底泥沉積物之主成份分析 57
4.5.7砂或泥質砂質地底泥沉積物之主成份分析 58
4.5.8泥或砂質泥質地底泥沉積物之主成份分析 59
第五章 結論 62
參考文獻 64
附錄一 2003-2007年北部海域沉積物重金屬分析結果 69
附錄二 2003-2007年北部海域沉積物粒徑分析結果 79
附錄三 2003-2007年北部海域沉積物重金屬地質累積指數統計表 98

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