現今無線網路的管理是採用固定式頻譜分配策略。在有限的可利用頻譜和使用率不佳的頻譜中，需要新的通信標準採投機的方式在現存的無線頻譜中找尋可利用的頻譜。這種新的網路標準被稱為下一世代網路 (xG)、動態頻譜存取 (DSA)及感知無線網路。xG網路並沒有頻譜使用權，因此頻譜的存取是需要一種投機的方法來使用頻譜。而xG網路可以建置在有網路基礎建設及隨見即連的網路上。xG的使用者並沒有頻譜使用權。因此需加上額外的功能使得頻譜能分享出去。本論文中, 我們提出在跨層式設計、感知與協力 (C3)機制。提出"得到最佳的可利用頻帶" 概念，感知無線電為了取得最佳的可用頻譜必須隨時考慮頻譜偵測、頻譜配置和頻譜存取，最後為頻譜的換手。實驗結果顯示，我們提出的方法可以提高頻譜的使用率改善現有機置。

Today’s wireless networks are managed by a fixed spectrum allocation policy. The limited
available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage need a new communication criterion
to exploit the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically. This new networking criterion
is referred to as Next Generation (xG) Networks as well as Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA)
and cognitive radio networks. The xG network does not have license to operate in a desired
band. Hence, the spectrum access is allowed only in an opportunistic method.So xG networks
can be deployed both as an infrastructure network and an ad hoc network. The xG user has no
spectrum license. Hence, additional functionalities are required to share the licensed spectrum
band. In this thesis, we present a Mobility Management for Cross-Layer Design, Cognitive and
Cooperative (C3) scheme. To realize the ”Get the Best Available Channel” concept, an cognitive
radio has to capture the best available spectrum called as spectrum sensing at any moment, then
does spectrum allocation and spectrum access, finally spectrum handoff. Experimental results
show that the we present protocol outperforms existing solutions in terms of Spectrum allocate
and Spectrum utility ratio.

Introduction 1
2 Related Works 5
3 Preliminary 8
3.1 The xG Network Architecture and System Model . . . . 8
3.2 Basic Idea and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4 Mobility Management for Cross-Layer Design, Cognitive and Cooperative (C3) Wireless
Networks 16
4.1 Non-Moving Mobility Management . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1.1 Spectrum Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1.2 Relay-Based Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.2 Moving Mobility Management . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.2.1 Handoff Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.2.2 Relay-Based Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5 Simulation Results 28
5.1 Simulation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.2 Average Packet Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.3 Spectrum Utility Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.4 Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6 Conclusion 32

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