臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以六種不同之聚酯型二元醇與己二異氰酸酯(HDI)反應合成聚胺酯，並將合成後之聚胺酯與聚乳酸進行混摻，藉以改善聚乳酸之韌性及延展性，並藉由改變二元醇之種類及分子量，探討混摻物之機械性質、熱性質、混摻相容性、結晶性質及拉伸斷裂面之型態，藉以瞭解聚胺酯增韌聚乳酸的結果與機制。由微差掃瞄熱卡計分析(DSC)之結果，發現混摻物有兩個Tg存在，且分別很接近原本PU與PLA之Tg，顯示其為不相容混摻系統。即使只在PLA中混摻10%之PU，斷裂伸長率仍有明顯之上升，且抗張強度亦有所提升，顯示PU對PLA有良好之增韌效果。但若PU的含量比例超過30%以上，PLA與PU間的巨觀相分離會更明顯，因此混摻物的機械性質會大幅下降。PU的結晶度與結晶速率為影響混摻物機械性質的重要因素，PU的結晶性越好，則拉伸過程中應力硬化的效果越明顯，因此混摻物的機械性質越佳。本研究以最簡便的熔融混摻法，成功地利用可分解的聚酯型聚胺酯增韌聚乳酸，且不影響聚乳酸原有之抗張強度與耐熱性，可望大幅提升聚乳酸的應用性，為極具潛力之生物可分解材料。

To toughen polylactic acid (PLA), biodegradable polyurethanes (PUs) synthesized from different types and molecular weights of polyol were melt-blended with the PLA. Mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystalline properties, morphology of fracture surfaces, and toughening mechanism of the blends were compared and discussed. The blends were characterized as an immiscible system for their individual glass transition temperatures in the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test. The elongation at break was significantly increased even though only 10% PU was added to the PLA, indicating the toughening effect of the PU on the PLA. The tensile strength was also increased when 10% PU added. But the tensile strength and elongation at break were lower for the PU content more than 30% because of the macro-phase separation. The mechanical properties of the PLA/PU blends were influenced by the crystallinity and crystallization speed of the PU. The blends were more flexible and tough materials and necking formation was observed during the tensile test.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII

第一章 緒論 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 可分解塑膠之發展與種類 3
2-2 生物可分解高分子 4
2-2.1 生物可分解高分子之種類 5
2-2.2 生物可分解材料之測試規範 6
2-3 聚乳酸 8
2-3.1 聚乳酸之發展 8
2-3.2 乳酸之介紹及生產 9
2-3.3 聚乳酸之合成 10
2-3.4 聚乳酸的生命週期評估分析 11
2-3.5 聚乳酸的分解 13
2-4 聚胺酯 14
2-4.1聚胺酯之簡介 14
2-4.2 聚胺酯組成與性質之關係 15
2-4.3 聚胺酯的分解 17
2-5 高分子混摻 18
2-5.1 高分子混摻的加工方法 18
2-5.2 高分子混摻之相容性 20
2-5.3 高分子混摻之熱力學理論 21
2-5.4 相容性混摻物之玻璃轉移溫度 22
2-6 聚乳酸之混摻改質 24
2-6.1 聚乳酸與小分子塑化劑之混摻 25
2-6.2 聚乳酸與高分子之混摻 27
2-7 高分子之機械性質 31
2-7.1 應力-應變曲線與定義 32
2-7.2 屈服與冷拉現象 33
2-8 研究目標 34
第三章 實驗 42
3-1 實驗藥品 42
3-2 實驗儀器 45
3-3 材料製備方法 48
3-3.1 實驗流程大綱 48
3-3.2 TPU合成步驟 49
3-3.3 材料之混摻 52
3-4 材料性質分析與測試條件 53
3-4.1 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜(FTIR)測試 53
3-4.2 微差掃描熱卡計(DSC)分析測試 53
3-4.3 應力-應變性質測試 53
3-4.4 撕裂性質測試 54
3-4.5 X光繞射(XRD)性質測試 54
3-4.6 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)分析 54
第四章 結果與討論 55
4-1 PU合成與FTIR分析 55
4-2 微差掃瞄熱卡計(DSC)分析 56
4-2.1 PLA/PUPBA系列混摻之DSC分析 56
4-2.2 PLA/PUPEA系列混摻之DSC分析 57
4-2.3 PLA/PUPCL系列混摻之DSC分析 58
4-2.4 DSC分析之結果討論 58
4-3 應力-應變分析 59
4-3.1 PLA/PUPBA系列混摻之應力-應變分析 59
4-3.2 PLA/PUPEA系列混摻之應力-應變分析 61
4-3.3 PLA/PUPCL系列混摻之應力-應變分析 62
4-3.4 應力-應變分析結果與討論 64
4-4 撕裂性質分析 64
4-5 X光繞射(XRD)分析 66
4-5.1 PLA/PUPBA系列混摻之XRD分析 66
4-5.2 PLA/PUPEA系列混摻之XRD分析 67
4-5.3 PLA/PUPCL系列混摻之XRD分析 68
4-5.4 XRD分析結果與討論 68
4-6掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)分析 69
4-7 PLA/PUPBA2000/Starch混摻 70
第五章 結論 122
參考文獻 124

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