臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

應用資訊系統委外開發成為達到維持企業核心能力、降低成本與爭取時效等目標普遍採用的方式，然而在商業活動與資訊技術不斷演進變化之環境因素影響情況下，我國應用資訊系統委外失敗率高，本研究主要目的係探討應用資訊系統委外開發環境問題，期能了解我國應用資訊系統委外開發環境問題形成因素。本研究將提出下列結果：彙整應用資訊系統委外開發失敗因素；挖掘軟體委外開發環境問題。
本研究彙整分析軟體專案風險因素與資訊系統委外雙方的目標與期望落差相關文獻，依風險性質區分為「專案範圍與達成之定義不明確問題」、「資源評估錯誤問題」、「管理委外團隊經驗與缺乏溝通協調問題」、「資訊系統導入失敗問題」、「合約條款訂製糾紛問題」、「開發團隊技術不足問題」、「專案管理與執行障礙問題」等七類問題，再透過國內具資訊委外實務之專家進行訪談，以了解我國應用資訊系統委外開發環境問題形成因素。
經專家訪談發現國內應用資訊系統委外開發環境問題包括（一）「國家政策」方面：我國雖有推動CMMI政策規劃，但政府相關單位輔助軟體業者與配套措施不足。（二）「產業環境」方面：因我國軟體市場狹小，軟體公司為業績壓力而不計成本接案情形嚴重。（三）「法律和規定」方面：應用軟體專案委外開發需求具有難以明確之特性，在此部分出現爭議時我國法律並未特別制定規範。（四）「社會環境」方面智慧財產的觀念仍未建立，造成不願提高軟體專案委外開發之預算。（五）「科技技術」方面：我國大多數應用軟體開發公司為滿足國內內部需求而生存，但如要擴大業務至全球，取得CMMI證明為重要條件。（六）「人才教育」方面：我國教育制度和專業技術訓練上，應透過在市場建立起資訊人才需求反映機制。

It is a common method to outsource application information system to achieve the maintenance of enterprise core competence, lower cost and time efficiency. However, due to continuing innovation of information technologies and business activities, we face the high rate of failure of adoption of outsourcing application information system. The main purpose of research is to discuss problems of outsourcing environment problem, in order to understand the facts of domestic developing problem of application information system. The results of study are failure of integration of application information systems, to discover problems of outsourcing software environment.
The research is collection software risk facts and the gap between outsourcing company and software developer papers. To classify seven problems according to risk characters: “un-clarify definition of target”, ”underestimated internal resources”, ”lack of communication experience from outsourcing company management team”, ”failure of adopting application information system”, ”the contract disputes”, ”software developer with low-level technical skills”, ”software project management and implementation problems”. Then to interview with specialist who is with outsourcing experiences in order to understand the root causes of domestic application information system. Expectation of this study shall provide management a reference of application system outsourcing to both private and public sectors with actual benefits.
The research finds include that: (1) from “national policy” aspect: due to deficiency of government-affiliated bureau assisted software developers and coordinating measurements although the government executes CMMI policy. (2) From “industry environment” aspect: due to low demand of domestic software, software developers are forced to accept projects even with slim margin. (3) From “law and regulation” aspect: it is hard to clear define the requirements of outsourcing software. (4) From “society environment” aspect: the concept of intellectual property rights is not yet solid established which makes the company has low willing to increase budget on outsourcing software. (5) From “technology” aspect: most of software developers exist to fulfill domestic demands; however, if they want to extend service globally, it is the requirement to gain CMMI certification. (6) From “education” aspect: the government should set up feedback system that indicates the market demand of skilled specialists which will further improve education system and training system.

中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
表 目 錄 VI
圖 目 錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景及動機 1
1-2 研究目的 1
1-3 論文架構 1
第二章 文獻探討 3
2-1 資訊系統委外作業 3
2-1-1 資訊系統委外環境 3
2-1-2 資訊委外定義 5
2-1-3 資訊系統委外類型 5
2-1-4 資訊系統委外流程探討 5
2-1-5 資訊系統委外項目 9
2-1-6 資訊系統委外雙方職責 10
2-2 委外風險因素 12
2-2-1 風險的定義 12
2-2-2 軟體專案風險因素 13
2-3 資訊系統委外雙方的目標與期望落差 16
2-4 文獻探討總結 20
第三章 研究方法 22
3-1 專家訪談 22
3-2 研究步驟及流程 22
3-3 研究架構 23
第四章 資料分析與討論 31
4-1 進行專家訪談 31
4-2 專家訪談結果 44
4-3 各構面資料分析與討論 47
第五章 結論 51
5-1 研究結論 51
5-2 研究限制 52
5-3 研究建議 52
參考文獻 53
附錄一：專家訪談問卷 55

英文部分
[1] Adeleye, B.C., Fenio Annansingh, Miguel Baptista Nunes； “Risk Management Practices in IS Outsourcing: An Investigation into Commercial Banks in Nigeria” ； International Journal of Information Management；Vol. 24；167-180；2004.
[2] Bahli, Bouchaib, Suzanne Rivard；”Validating Measures of Information Technology Outsourcing Risk Factors”；Omega；33, 175-187；2005.
[3] Esperanza Marcos；”Software Engineering Research versus Software Development”；ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes Page 1 July 2005 Volume 30 Number 4；2005.
[4] Hazel Taylor；”The Move to Outsourced IT Projects-Key Risks from the Provider Perspective”；Communications Of The ACM；pp.149-154；2005.
[5] J. M. Verner, N. Cerpa；”Australian Software Development：What Software Project Management Practices Lead to Success?”；IEEE Proceedings of the 2005 Australian Software Engineering Conference (ASWEC’05)；Australian； 2005.
[6] Koh, Christine, Cheryl Tay & Soon Ang；”Management Vender-Client Expectations in IT outsourcing: A Psychological Contract Perspective；International Conference On Information system”； Proceeding of the 20th Information Conference on Information Systems；p512-517；1999.
[7] Linda Wallace, Mark Keil；”Software Project Risks And Their Effect On Outcomes”；Communications Of The ACM；Vol. 47, No. 4, pp.68-73； 2004.
[8] Michael Coram, Shawn Bohner；”The Impact of Agile Methods on Software Project Management”；Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS’05)；2005.
[9] Patrick Keil, Daniel J. Paulish, Raghvinder S. Sangwan；”Cost Estimation for Global Software Development”；ACM EDSER’06；China；2006.
[10] Philipp Bouillon, Jens Krinke, Stephan Lukosch；”Software Engineering Projects in Distant Teaching”；Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Software Engineering Education & Training (CSEET’05)； 2005.
[11] Tom Addison；”Controlling Software Project Risks -an Empirical Study of Methods used by Experienced Project Managers”； Communications Of The ACM；Vol. 30；pp.128-140；2002.

中文部分
[12] 中華民國資訊軟體協會；政府資訊作業委外服務實施作業手冊；台北；1996 。
[13] 李樹瑾；軟體委外雙方認知與期望落差之探討；國立中山大學資訊管理學系碩士論文；2005。
[14] 林信惠、黃明祥；軟體專案管理研究架構及趨勢；資訊管理研究；Vol. 4，No.1：31-64；台北；2002。
[15] 林信惠、黃明祥、王文良；軟體專案管理；台北；智勝；2004。
[16] 孫思源；由社會交換理論探討資訊系統委外合夥關係之影響因素； 國立中山大學資訊管理學系博士論文； 2001。
[17] 許譽勝；台灣中小型軟體公司關鍵成功因素之研究；銘傳大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文；2004。
[18] 張銘仁；運用模糊分析法於軟體專案風險之研究；屏東科技大學工業管理系碩士論文；2004。
[19] 黃曉芸、黃興進、劉忠峰；軟體產業境外委外至中國大陸之決策考量因素；第十屆資訊管理暨實務研討會；2001。
[20] 陳玉波；企業專案管理之風險評估流程；中山大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文；2003。
[21] 經濟部工業局；政府資訊系統採購手冊；台北；2002。
[22] 賴森堂；改善軟體安全品質的兩段式安全檢測架構；2006數位科技與創新管理國際研討會；台北；2006。
[23] 盧彥旭；資訊系統委外選商評選準則及權重之建立；世新大學管理學院資訊管理學系碩士論文；2001。
[24] 謝依辰；從關係行銷觀點探討資訊系統之委外成效；銘傳大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文；2002。