臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著科技的發達，許多的組織及公司已經從傳統的有線網路環境，逐漸更新導入到建置快速及方便高的無線網路環境，然而固定式的無線網路無法滿足在公司以外的使用者，所以有愈來愈多的組織及公司都需要有機動性高的移動式無線網路，以利隨時接收資訊及快速回應狀況的處理。
由於隨意型移動式無線網路的特性是無線網路中的各節點可以任意移動，也可以相互傳輸資料，所以，節點常因移動而離開網路可傳輸的範圍之外，或是因電力不足而導致傳輸訊號中斷，也可能會因為鄰近節點正在傳送訊號，而造成訊號干擾等狀況，使網路中傳送的路徑壅塞以及封包流失，進而封包重新傳送會使路徑更為壅塞，造成網路傳輸效能低落。
本研究提出一個在隨意型無線網路上透過路徑訊號權值演算法選擇出最為穩定多重路徑方式，加入封包間備援傳送機制，使封包可以在多重路徑路由的備援傳送下，即使有任何一條路徑發生中斷無法傳送封包，或是在時限內發生延遲送達等狀況時，目的端仍然可以收到完整的原始資料內容，因此該路徑遺失的封包無需重新傳送，可減少封包壅塞以增加網路品質。

As technology advances, many of the organizations and companies from the traditional wired network environment, gradually updated to import and to facilitate the rapid deployment of high wireless network environment, however the stationary wireless network was unable the user who satisfied outside the company, therefore had increasingly many organizations and the company all needs to have high mobility of the mobile wireless network for the benefit at any time to receive information and respond quickly to deal with the situation.
The characters of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (also known as MANETs) are that each node in the wireless network is mobile and can transmit data to each other. Therefore, transmission signals are often disconnected due to nodes move out to transmittable areas or simply because of energy shortage. The other reasons for disconnection can be caused by signal interference of nearby nodes transmission, which result in route congestion or packet loss. Packet retransmitting could make the congestion even worse and cause poor network transmission performance.
This research is to bring up a mechanism to transmit instant voice via multi-path in random wireless network. Through "Inter-packet Redundancy" mechanism ensures the data completeness by delivering the instant packets through multi-path, by which, reduce package congestion and improves network performance.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VII
第一章　緒　論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究範圍 4
1.4 論文架構 4
第二章　文獻探討 5
2.1 隨意型無線網路 5
2.2 路徑路由演算法 9
2.2.1 非調適性演算法 9
2.2.2 可調適性演算法 10
2.3 相關研究 11
2.3.1 Path Selection Algorithm in Homogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 11
2.3.2 A Multi-Path Routing Approach Based on End-to-End Reliability 16
2.3.3 Supporting Real-time Speech on Wireless Ad Hoc Networks：Inter-Redundancy, Path Diversity and Multiple Description Coding 21
2.3.4 A Multi-Flow Realtime Transport Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks 25
2.3.5 On Supporting Real-time Speech over Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 29
2.3.6 Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing 31
2.4 綜合討論 35
第三章　本文機制 37
3.1 以多重路徑路由傳送備援封包 37
3.1.1 路徑選擇演算法 39
3.1.2 與其他演算法比較 46
3.1.3 多重路徑路由封包間備援 51
3.2 系統架構 59
3.3 實驗假設 60
3.3.1 模擬參數 60
3.3.2 環境假設 61
3.4 實驗模擬 61
3.5 實驗結果 62
3.5.1 Average End-to-end Delay Time 62
3.5.2 Throughput 63
3.5.3 Segment Loss Ratio 65
3.5.4 多路徑效能比較 67
3.6 小結 76
第四章　結論及未來研究 78
4.1 結論 78
4.2 未來研究建議 80
參考文獻 82

1.Beijar N., “Zone Routing Protocol ( ZRP ),” http://keskus.hut.fi/opetus/
s38030/k02/Papers/08-Nicklas.pdf, 2002, Retrieved Date: 2007-10-15.
2.Broch J., Johnson D. B., Maltz D. A. and Hu Y. C., ” The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dmaltz/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-manet-dsr-09.txt, 2003, Retrieved Date: 2007-10-10.
3.Beth T., Borcherding M., Klein B., “Valuation of trust in open networks”, in Springer(ed.) Proceeding of 3rd European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, London: Springer-Verlag, Vol. 875, pp. 3-18, 1994.
4.Cherkaoui S. and Lahlou O., “A Multi-Path Routing Approach Based on End-to-End Reliability,” in ACM(ed.) Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Quality of Service & Security for Wireless and Mobile Networks, NY. : ACM, pp. 129-136, 2006.
5.Chiang C. C., Wu H. K., Liu W. and Gerla M., “Routing in Clustered Multihop, Mobile Wireless Networks With Fading Channel,” in IEEE(ed.) IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks, Singapore: IEEE, pp. 197-211, 1997.
6.Chiang C. C. and Gerla M., “Routing and Multicast in Multihop, Mobile Wireless Networks,” 1997 IEEE 6th International Conference on Universal Personal Communications Record, Vol. 2, pp. 546-551, 1997.
7.Chiang C. C., Gerla M. and Lee S. J., “On-demand Multicast Routing Protocol,” IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference 1999, Vol. 3, pp. 1298-1302, 1999.
8.Devarapalli V. and Sidhu D., “MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” http://www3.ietf.org/proceedings/00dec/I-D/draft-vijay-manet-mzr-00.txt, 2000, Retrieved Date: 2007-9-10.
9.Devarapalli V. and Sidhu D., “MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks,” IEEE International Conference on Communications 2001, Vol. 3, pp. 886-891, 2001.
10.Dube R., Rais C. D., Wang K. Y., and Tripathi S. K., "Signal Stability-based Adaptive Routing (SSA) for Ad Hoc Mobile Networks," IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 36-45, 1997.
11.Ganjali Y. and Keshavarzianz A., “Load Balancing in Ad Hoc Networks: Single-path Routing vs. Multi-path Routing,” Twenty-third AnnualJoint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, Vol. 2, pp. 1120-1125, 2004.
12.Haas Z. J. and Pearlman M. R., “Determining the Optimal Configuration for the Zone Routing Protocol,” Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 17, Iss. 8, pp. 1395-1414, 1999.
13.Haas Z. J. and Pearlman M. R., “The Performance of a New Routing Protocol for the Reconfigurable Wireless Networks,” IEEE International Conference Record on Communications, Vol. 1, pp. 156-160, 1998.
14.Haas Z. J. and Pearlman M. R., “The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) for Ad Hoc Networks,” http://people.ece.cornell.edu/haas/wnl/Publications/
draft-ietf-manet-zone-zrp-02.txt, 1999, Retrieved Date: 2007-9-30.
15.Hua E. Y. and Haas Z. J., ”Path Selection Algorithm in Homogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” in ACM(ed.) Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, NY. : ACM, pp. 275-280, 2006.
16.IEEE Standards Projects, “ANSI/IEEE Std 802.11, 1999 Edition (R2003),” http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11-1999.pdf, 2003, Retrieved Date: 2007-10-30.
17.Johnson D. B. and Maltz D. A., “ Dynamic Source Routing in Ad hoc Wireless Network,” in T. Imielinski and H. Korth (eds), Boston:Kluwer Academic, pp. 153-181,1996.
18.Lin C. H., Dong H., Madhow U. and Gersho A., “Supporting Real-time Speech on Wireless Ad Hoc Networks：Inter-packet Redundancy, Path Diversity, and Multiple Description Coding,” in ACM(ed.) Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots, NY.: ACM., pp.11-20, 2004.
19.Lundberg D., “Ad Hoc Protocol Evaluation and Experiences of Real World Ad Hoc Networking,” http://www.update.uu.se/~davidl/msthesis/thesis.pdf, 2002, Retrieved Date: 2007-10-12.
20.Mao S., Lin S., Panwar S. S., Wang Y. and Celebi E., “Video Transport over Ad Hoc Networks: Multistream Coding with Multipath Transport,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 21, Iss. 10, pp. 1721-1737, 2003.
21.Mao S., Lin S., Wang Y., Panwar S. S. and Li Y., “Multipath Video Transport over Ad Hoc Networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications, Vol. 12, Iss. 4, pp. 42-49, 2005.
22.Mao S., Bushmitch D., Narayanan S. and Panwar S. S., “MRTP: a Multiflow Real-time Transport Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks,” in IEEE(ed.) 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference, California:IEEE, Vol. 4, pp. 2629-2634, 2003.
23.Mao S., Bushmitch D., Narayanan S. and Panwar S. S., “MRTP: a Multiflow Real-time Transport Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, Vol. 8, Iss. 2, pp. 356-369, 2006.
24.Murthy C. S. R. And Manoj B. S., “Ad Hoc Wireless Networks : Architectures and Protocols,” NY: Pearson Education, 2004.
25.Patterson D. A., Gibson G., and Katz R. H., “A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID),” in ACM(ed.) Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, NY.: ACM, pp. 109-116, 1988.
26.Perkins C. E. and Bhagwat P., “Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Mobile Computers,” in ACM(ed.) Proceedings of the Conference on Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications, NY.: ACM, pp. 234-244, 1994.
27.Perkins C. E. and Royer E. M., “Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing,” in IEEE(ed.) Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications, New Orleans: IEEE, pp. 90-100, 1999.
28.Raju G. V., Reddy T. B., Gollakota S. and Murthy C. S. R., “On Supporting Real-time Speech over Ad Hoc Wireless Networks,” 2006 IEEE International Conference on Networks, Vol. 2, pp. 1-6, 2006.
29.Royer E. M., Barbara S. and Toh C. H. K., “A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks,” IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 6, Iss. 2, pp. 46-55, 1999.
30.Schaumann J., “Analysis of the Zone Routing Protocol,” http://www.netmeister.org/misc/zrp/zrp.pdf, 2002, Retrieved Date: 2007-10-3.
31.Schulzrinne H., Casner S., Frederick R., and Jacobson V., “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Realtime Applications,” http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt, 1996, Retrieved Date: 2007-10-3.
32.Sinha P., Krishnamurthy S. V. and Dao S., “Scalable Unidirectional Routing with Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Extensions for Mobile Ad hoc Networks,” in ACM(ed.) Proceedings of Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, NY. : ACM, pp. 1329-1339, 2000.
33.Stallings W., “Wireless Communications & Networks Second Edition,” New Jersey, USA.: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.
34.Stewart R., Xie Q., Morneault K., C. Sharp, H. Schwarzbauer, T. Taylor, I. Rytina, M. Kalla, L. Zhang and V. Paxson, “Stream Control Transmission Protocol,” http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2960.txt, 2000, Retrieved Date: 2007-10-30.
35.Tanenbaum A. S., “Computer Networks Fourth Edition,” New Jersey, USA.: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2003.
36.Toh C. K. “Associativity-Based Routing for Ad Hoc Mobile Networks,” Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 1-36, 1997.
37.USC/ISI, Xerox PARC, LBNL, and UCB, “The Network Simulator - ns-2,” h1ttp://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/index.html, 1997, Retrieved Date: 2007-11-15.
38.Yi Y., Lee S. J., Su W. and Gerla M., “On-demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) for Ad Hoc Networks,” http://www.tools.ietf.org/id/ draft-ietf-manet-odmrp-00.txt, 2002, Retrieved Date: 2007-10-15.
39.唐政，「802.11無線區域網路通訊協定及應用」，台北：文魁資訊股份有限公司， 2003.
40.Gast Matthew S.，「802.11 無線網路技術通論，第二版」，黃裕彰(編譯)，台北：美商歐萊禮股份有限公司台灣分公司， 2006。
41.許稚鈴，「在無線隨意網路下安全傳輸之研究」，世新大學資訊管理學系研究所碩士論文，2007年。
42.柯志亨、陳瑞馨、林政翰、梁浩銘、余佳育、吳鵬榮，「計算機網路實驗：使用NS2模擬多媒體通訊與無線網路」，台北：學貫行銷股份有限公司，2007。