臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要分成兩部份
第一部份：
採用化學氧化合成法，以界面聚合方式，利用水與有機溶劑(氯仿)所形成之不相容界面，以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)摻雜製備導電性聚苯胺，摻雜DBSA不但可以改善聚苯胺難溶特性更可兼顧導電度需求。實驗結果顯示，在不同AN與DBSA莫耳比所合成之導電性聚苯胺之導電度介於0.1~0.25 S/cm之間。由TEM結果顯示，在AN/DBSA= 1：0.125~1：0.5之產物為纖維和顆粒狀；在AN/DBSA= 1：1~1：3之產物為棒狀和顆粒狀。由溶解率測試可知，以DBSA摻雜之聚苯胺可部份溶於一般常用有機溶劑中，且在氯仿中溶解率為63％。
第二部份：
採用化學氧化合成法，以界面聚合方式，利用水與有機溶劑(氯仿)所形成不相容界面，以鹽酸(HCl)摻雜製備出聚(苯胺-co-吡咯)。實驗結果顯示，聚(苯胺-co-吡咯)之導電度最佳為AnPy 9-1(An/Py莫耳比為9：1)。由TEM分析結果可知，在AnPy 9-1~5-5之產物為纖維狀；在AnPy 3-7~1-9之產物型態傾向於顆粒狀。

This study contains two parts.
First part：
The chemical oxidization method is used to prepare the conductive polyaniline (PANI) doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) by interfacial polymerization which an immiscible interface is formed by water and organic solvent (chloroform). The experimental results indicate that the conductivity of PANI is ranged from 0.1 to 0.25 S/cm when the molar ratio of AN/DBSA are various. The images of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that the morphology of PANI looks like dendritic fiber and particles when the molar ratios of AN/DBSA are form 1：0.125 to 1：0.5. However, the morphology of the PANI looks like rods and particles when the molar ratios of AN/DBSA are from 1：1 to 1：3. The PANI doped by DBSA can be dissolved in chloroform.
Second part：
The chemical oxidization method is used to prepare conductive poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) doped with hydrochloric acid (HCl) by interfacial polymerization which employ an immiscible interface formed by water and organic solvent (chloroform). The experimental results indicate that the conductivity of poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) is the best when the molar ratio of An/Py is 9：1 (AnPy 9-1). The images of TEM demonstrate that the structure of poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) is like dendritic fiber when the molar ratios An/Py of are from 9：1 to 5：5. On the other hand, the copolymers look like particles when the molar ratios of An/Py are from 3：7 to 1：9.

目錄
摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ι
Abstract---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
誌謝--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ
目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅴ
表目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅷ
圖目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅸ
Scheme目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------XⅡ

第一章 緒論---------------------------------------------------------------------1
1-1前言------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1-2 導電性高分子簡介-----------------------------------------------------2
1-2-1 導電高分子源起及發展---------------------------------------2
1-2-2 導電高分子的導電機制---------------------------------------4
1-3 聚苯胺--------------------------------------------------------------------7
1-3-1 聚苯胺簡介------------------------------------------------------7
1-3-2 聚苯胺之紅外光光譜----------------------------------------10
1-3-3 聚苯胺之紫外可見光譜-------------------------------------10
1-3-4 聚苯胺之合成和聚合機構----------------------------------11
1-4 聚吡咯簡介-------------------------------------------------------------14
1-5 導電高分子之應用----------------------------------------------------16
1-6 界面活性劑-------------------------------------------------------------18
1-6-1 界面活性劑簡介----------------------------------------------18
1-6-2 微胞的形成----------------------------------------------------18
1-7 界面聚合簡介----------------------------------------------------------20
1-8 導電高分子之相關文獻----------------------------------------------21
1-9 研究動機與目的-------------------------------------------------------26
第二章 聚合條件對苯胺與十二烷基苯磺酸合成導電性聚苯胺型態之
影響---------------------------------------------------------------------28
2-1 研究架構----------------------------------------------------------------28
2-2 實驗藥品----------------------------------------------------------------29
2-3 儀器設備----------------------------------------------------------------31
2-4 實驗步驟----------------------------------------------------------------33
2-4-1導電性聚苯胺之合成-----------------------------------------33
2-5 性質測試與分析------------------------------------------------------34
2-6 結果與討論-------------------------------------------------------------36
2-6-1 界面聚合說明-------------------------------------------------36
2-6-2 反應系統之外觀變化----------------------------------------38
2-6-3 四點探針導電度之分析-------------------------------------40
2-6-4 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之分析----------------------------41
2-6-5 紫外線吸收光譜之分析-------------------------------------42
2-6-6 穿透式電子顯微鏡之分析----------------------------------44
2-6-7 高解析場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡分析-------------------49
2-6-8 溶解率分析----------------------------------------------------52
2-7 結論----------------------------------------------------------------------53
第三章 聚合條件對苯胺與吡咯製備聚(苯胺-co-吡咯)型態之影響
---------------------------------------------------------------------------54
3-1 研究架構---------------------------------------------------------------54
3-2 實驗藥品----------------------------------------------------------------55
3-3 儀器設備----------------------------------------------------------------57
3-4 實驗步驟----------------------------------------------------------------59
3-4-1 聚(苯胺-co-吡咯)之合成(poly(aniline-co-pyrrole))-----59
3-5 性質測試與分析-------------------------------------------------------60
3-6 結果與討論-------------------------------------------------------------62
3-6-1 界面聚合說明-------------------------------------------------62
3-6-2 反應系統之外觀變化----------------------------------------64
3-6-3 四點探針導電度之分析-------------------------------------66
3-6-4 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之分析----------------------------67
3-6-4-1 poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)鑑定與分析---------------------67
3-6-5 超導核磁共振之分析----------------------------------------69
3-6-6 穿透式電子顯微鏡之分析----------------------------------71
3-6-7 高解析場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡分析-------------------74
3-7 結論----------------------------------------------------------------77
第四章 總結---------------------------------------------------------------------78
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------------79

表目錄
Table1-1常見的本質型導電性高分子之導電度及結構------------------3
Table1-2 鹼式中間氧化態聚苯胺的紅外光吸收光譜-------------------10
Table2-1聚合溫度為50℃，不同AN與DBSA莫耳比下導電性聚苯
胺之導電度對照表--------------------------------------------------40
Table2-2 聚合溫度為50℃，不同AN與DBSA莫耳比下導電性聚苯
胺之TEM圖對照表-----------------------------------------------45
Table3-1 不同An與Py莫耳比所製備的poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)之導
電度對照表---------------------------------------------------------66
Table3-2 不同An與Py莫耳比所製備的poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)之
TEM圖對照表-----------------------------------------------------71

圖目錄
Figure1-1 各種物質及導電高分子導電率之分佈情形--------------------4
Figure1-2 絕緣體、半導體、導體的能隙示意圖--------------------------6
Figure1-3 極子與雙極子之能階圖--------------------------------------------6
Figure1-4 四種不同型聚苯胺之紫外可見光光譜圖---------------------11
Figure1-5 微胞結構(a)球形結構、(b)雙層球形結構、(c)及(d)為柱狀
和層狀結構---------------------------------------------------------19
Figure1-6 Snapshot of interfacial polymerization of aniline. The top layer
is an aqueous solution of poly(styrene sulfonic acid) and
ammonium peroxydisulfate,while the bottom layer contains
dissolved aniline in CCl4.------------------------------------------21
Figure1-7 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of 40% (wt/wt)
polyaniline/poly(sulfonated styrene)(PANI/PSS) nanofiber
composite synthesized by interfacial synthesis route: (a)
cracked film, (b) view inside a crack, exposing the bulk of
the composite film to show (c) and (d) PANI nanofibers
(light color)seen in the wall of nanocomposite (50 nm in
diameter) surrounded by the insulating, low emissive (dark
color) host PSS.-----------------------------------------------------22
Figure1-8 Schematic presentation of the formation mechanism for SPANI
nanofibers synthesized by a self-assembly process.-----------23
Figure1-9 SEM images of SPANI nanofibers with AN/SAN mole ratio of
1.----------------------------------------------------------------------23
Figure1-10 Scanning electron microscopy image of the PPy/SDS
sample.-------------------------------------------------------------24
Figure1-11 Scanning electron microscopy image of the PPy/DTAB
sample.-------------------------------------------------------------24
Figure1-12 (A-D) TEM images of micromats of PANI nanofibers
synthesized in aqueous solution. The inset in part A shows
the SEM image of PANI micromats. Synthetic conditions:
[aniline]= 16 mM；[APS] /[aniline] = 1.0:1; 25 °C.----------25
Figure1-13 TEM image of products synthesized at different reaction
times(synthetic conditions:[aniline] =16 mM; [APS]/[aniline]
=1.0:1;25 °C).-----------------------------------------------------25
Figure2-1 平面的界面聚合示意圖------------------------------------------37
Figure2-2 AN/DBSA= 1：1之反應物照片，(a)含苯胺單體與DBSA的
氯仿溶液(b)APS水溶液-------------------------------------------38
Figure2-3 AN/DBSA= 1：1所聚合聚苯胺之合成過程照片-------------39
Figure2-4 聚合溫度為50℃，不同AN與DBSA莫耳比下導電性聚苯
胺之FTIR光譜圖--------------------------------------------------41
Figure2-5 聚合溫度50℃，不同AN與DBSA莫耳比下導電性聚苯胺
之UV-Vis光譜圖--------------------------------------------------43
Figure2-6 聚合溫度為50℃，不同AN與DBSA莫耳比導電性聚苯胺
之TEM圖---------------------------------------------------------46
Figure2-7 AN/DBSA= 1：0.125~1：0.5立體的界面聚合示意圖-------47
Figure2-8 AN/ DBSA= 1：1~1：3立體的界面聚合示意圖--------------48
Figure2-9 聚合溫度為50℃，導電性聚苯胺之FE-SEM圖(a) AN/DBSA
= 1：0.5(×10K)、(b) AN/DBSA= 1：0.5(×30K)、(c) AN/DBSA=
1：3(×10K)、(d) AN/DBSA=1：3(×30K)---------------------51
Figure3-1平面的界面聚合示意圖-------------------------------------------63
Figure3-2 AnPy 9-1之反應物照片，(a)含苯胺單體與吡咯單體的氯仿
溶液(b)鹽酸水溶液(c)APS水溶液-------------------------------64
Figure3-3 AnPy 9-1所聚合poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)之合成過程照片--65
Figure3-4 不同An與Py莫耳比所製備的poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)之
FTIR光譜圖--------------------------------------------------------68
Figure3-5 AnPy 9-1所聚合poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)之NMR光譜圖--70
Figure3-6 不同AN與Py莫耳比所製備poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)之TEM
圖---------------------------------------------------------------------72
Figure3-7 不同AN與Py莫耳比所製備poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)之TEM
圖---------------------------------------------------------------------73
Figure3-8 不同An與Py莫耳比所製備的poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)之
HR FE-SEM(×10K)------------------------------------------------75
Figure3-9 不同An與Py莫耳比所製備的poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)之
HR FE-SEM(×30K)------------------------------------------------76

Scheme目錄
Scheme1-1 聚苯胺之各種氧化型態(a)leucoemeraldine、(b)emeraldine base、(c)emeraldine salt、(d)pernigraniline ------------------9
Scheme1-2 聚苯胺的結構------------------------------------------------------7
Scheme1-3 四種聚苯胺之理想結構圖---------------------------------------9
Scheme1-4 聚苯胺的聚合機構圖--------------------------------------------13
Scheme1-5 聚吡咯的結構-----------------------------------------------------14
Scheme2-1 研究架構圖--------------------------------------------------------28
Scheme2-2 以十二烷基苯磺酸摻雜製備導電性聚苯胺之反應步驟-----------------------------------------------------------------------33
Sheme3-1 研究架構圖---------------------------------------------------------54

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