在本研究中，我們在高性能高分子材料聚醚酮(Polyetheretherketone, PEEK)中，加入不同比例含量的氫氧基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite, HA)以及適量的發泡劑(Blowing agent)，透過高溫燒結的方式製作多孔形HA/PEEK生物複合材料，添加的HA含量比例分為2%、4%、6%、8%、10%。本研究所製得的多孔形HA/PEEK生物複合材料孔隙率約63~77%，孔洞大小約330~530μm。在活體外的生物活性測試方面，我們將各種不同比例的HA/PEEK複合材料以及純PEEK浸泡在模擬體液(Simulated body fluid, SBF)中，經過不同的浸泡天數以SEM及XRD觀察HA/PEEK複合材料以及純PEEK上磷灰石的生成，浸泡天數分別為7、14、21、28天，藉此測試材料的生物活性。我們發現純PEEK為一種惰性材料，即使浸泡了28天也不會有磷灰石的生成。隨著材料中HA含量的增加以及延長浸泡在模擬體液中的時間，材料表面上所生成的磷灰石晶體顆粒數量也會隨之增加，並且所生成的晶體顆粒尺寸也會比較大，甚至會沉積在材料的表面。高HA含量的材料經發泡過後，所產生的孔洞尺寸也較大。在熱性質方面，我們以DSC及TGA探討不同含量的HA對材料的熱性質差異，我們發現隨著材料中HA含量的提升，其Tg以及Td也皆會提升。在親水性方面，我們對材料表面進行六甲基二矽胺烷(Hexamethyldisilazane, HMDSZ)電漿處理以及氧氣電漿活化，發現經電漿處理後，材料表面之水接觸角度皆小於10°，材料親水性明顯提升。在機械性質方面，我們將各種不同比例的HA/PEEK複合材料透過壓縮試驗測試不同含量比例的HA對PEEK材料機械性質的影響，並且以純PEEK當對照組做比較。我們發現，隨著多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料中HA含量的提昇，所發泡形成的孔洞越大，機械性質反而降低，將此複合材料植入體內應用於骨組織工程時，此結果可避免應力屏蔽現象。
在生物相容性測試方面，本研究針對 HA 含量為 6% 的多孔形HA/PEEK 複合材料改變不同的處理條件進行成骨細胞培養，培養天數分別為 1、3、5 天。處理條件分為未浸泡 SBF 的6% HA/PEEK 多孔型複合材料、浸泡在 SBF 中 28 天的 6% HA/PEEK 多孔型複合材料以及經電漿處理的6% HA/PEEK 多孔型複合材料。由結果發現，浸泡在 SBF 中 28 天的 6% HA/PEEK 多孔型複合材料由於表面沉積的 HA 含量較多，因此表面所貼附的細胞量高於其他未浸泡 SBF 的6% HA/PEEK 多孔型複合材料，證明隨著材料中 HA 含量的提升，細胞貼附的密度亦隨之增加，相對也提升了材料的生物相容性。

In this study, a series of polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-hydroxyapatite (HA) macroporous composites containing 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (wt %) HA were prepared by sintering at high temperature. To investigate their bioactivity in vitro, these macroporous composites were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for desired period of time. The macroporous PEEK was found to be inert in SBF without any apatite formation on its surface even after being exposed to SBF for 28 days. On the other hand, the size and number of apatite formed on PEEK-HA macroporous composites were increased with HA content and time of incubation. The pore size of composite increased with HA content, which in turn results in decreasing of mechanical properties of composites. Nevertheless it may avoid the stress shield from composite scaffolds once they are implanted for bone tissue engineering application.

摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------IV
表目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------V
圖目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------VI

一、 前言-------------------------------------------------------------------------1

二、 文獻回顧-------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.1聚醚醚酮(Polyetheretherketone, PEEK)之簡介 ------------------4
2.2 氫氧基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite, HA)之簡介 ---------------------5
2.3 組織工程簡介 --------------------------------------------------------6
2.3-1 理想的組織工程支架應有之條件-------------------------------9
2.3-2 骨骼組織簡介------------------------------------------------------11
2.3-3 造骨細胞 (Osteoblast) 簡介------------------------------------11
2.4 電漿理論--------------------------------------------------------------12
2.4-1 電漿簡介 ----------------------------------------------------------12
2.4-2 電漿表面改質------------------------------------------------------14

三、材料與方法-----------------------------------------------------------------20
3.1 實驗流程圖----------------------------------------------------------- 20
3.2 製備HA/PEEK複合材料所需之藥品----------------------------21
3.3 配製模擬體液所需之藥品-----------------------------------------21
3.4 UMR-106 細胞株培養所需之藥品-------------------------------21
3.5 電漿沉積使用之單體-----------------------------------------------22
3.6 實驗儀器--------------------------------------------------------------22
3.7 UMR-106 細胞諸培養所需之儀器-------------------------------23
3.8 實驗方法--------------------------------------------------------------23
3.8-1多孔型HA/PEEK複合材料製備-------------------------------23
3.8-2 模擬體液配製方法------------------------------------------------24
3.8-3 HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡模擬體液步驟------------------------24
3.8-4 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料孔隙率(porosity)計算-----------24
3.8-5 孔洞大小(pore size)的評估--------------------------------------25
3.8-6 場發射型掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)表面型態觀察-----25
3.8-7 X光繞射分析(XRD)-----------------------------------------------26
3.8-8 機械性質測試------------------------------------------------------26
3.8-9 熱示差掃瞄分析(DSC)-玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)分析-------------26
3.8-10 熱重損失分析(TGA)-熱裂解溫度分析----------------------27
3.8-11 冷電漿沉積膜處理----------------------------------------------27
3.8-12 親水性測試-水接觸角量測------------------------------------27
3.9 UMR-106 細胞珠培養藥品配置----------------------------------28
3.9-1 培養基 (Medium) 配置------------------------------------------28
3.9-2 磷酸鹽緩衝溶液 (PBS) 配置-----------------------------------28
3.9-3 胎牛血清 (Fetal Bovine Serum, FBS) 分裝------------------29
3.9-4 盤尼西林-鏈黴素 (Penicillin-Streptomycin, PS) 分裝-----29
3.9-5 胰蛋白酵素-乙二胺四乙酸 (Trypsin-EDTA) 分裝---------29
3.9-6 UMR-106 細胞株植入支架--------------------------------------29
3.7細胞計數----------------------------------------------------------------30

四、結果與討論----------------------------------------------------------------34
4.1多孔形HA-PEEK複合材料之製備--------------------------------34
4.1-2 熱重損失分析(TGA)-熱裂解溫度(Td)分析-------------------35
4.1-3 熱示差掃瞄分析(DSC)-玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)分析-------------36
4.2多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料在活體外之磷灰石之生成--------36
4.3 X光繞射分析----------------------------------------------------------38
4.4 機械性質測試--------------------------------------------------------39
4.5親水性測試-水接觸角量測-----------------------------------------39
4.6 成骨細胞培養---------------------------------------------------------41

五、結論---------------------------------------------------------------------------68
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------------70
附錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------80
附錄一、比重瓶(Pycnometer)法----------------------------------------80
附錄二、本實驗使用之HMDSZ電漿處理器示意圖----------------81



















表目錄
表2-1 高分子PEEK的基本性質----------------------------------------------16
表2-2 高分子PEEK的機械性質--------------------------------------------17
表2-3 高分子PEEK的化學性質--------------------------------------------18
表2-4 氫氧基磷灰石的基本性質--------------------------------------------19
表3-1 製備多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料之進料組成---------------------32
表3-2 模擬體液(SBF)之含量組成------------------------------------------32
表 3-3磷酸鹽緩衝溶液 (PBS) 之含量組成------------------------------33
表4-1 不同HA含量比例的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料之孔隙率及孔洞大小-----------------------------------------------------------------------------62
表 4-2不同 HA 含量比例的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在 SBF 中不同天數下的 Ca 含量 (AT%) 總表-----------------------------------62
表 4-3不同 HA 含量比例的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在 SBF 中不同天數下的 P 含量 (AT%) 總表-------------------------------------63
表4-4 不同HA含量比例的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料之Td--------63
表4-5 不同HA含量比例的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料之Tg---------63
表4-6 不同HA含量比例的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料之水接觸角-67



圖目錄
圖2-1 高分子PEEK之化學結構--------------------------------------------19
圖 2-2 造骨系列細胞分化模型----------------------------------------------20
圖4.1 多孔形純PEEK材料浸泡在SBF溶液前以及浸泡在SBF溶液中28天後的FE-SEM表面照片------------------------------------43
圖4.2 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在SBF中7天的FE-sem照片--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44
圖4.3-1 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在SBF中7天的EDS分析圖-----------------------------------------------------------------------45
圖4.3-2 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在SBF中7天的EDS分析圖-----------------------------------------------------------------------46
圖4.4 多孔形HA/PEEK浸泡在SBF中14天的FE-SEM照片------47
圖4.5-1 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在SBF中14天的EDS分析圖--------------------------------------------------------------------------48
圖4.5-2 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在SBF中14天的EDS分析圖--------------------------------------------------------------------------49
圖4.6 多孔形HA/PEEK浸泡在SBF中21天的FE-SEM照片------50
圖4.7-1 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在SBF中21天的EDS分析圖-----------------------------------------------------------------------51
圖4.7-2 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在SBF中21天的EDS分析圖-----------------------------------------------------------------------52

圖4.8 多孔形HA/PEEK浸泡在SBF中28天的FE-SEM照片------53
圖4.9-1 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在SBF中28天的EDS分析圖-----------------------------------------------------------------------54
圖4.9-2 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料浸泡在SBF中28天的EDS分析圖-----------------------------------------------------------------------55
圖4.10 多孔形純PEEK材料浸泡在SBF溶液前以及浸泡在SBF溶液中28天後的XRD繞射圖------------------------------------------56
圖4.11不同HA含量的多孔形純PEEK材料浸泡在SBF溶液前的XRD繞射圖----------------------------------------------------------57
圖4.12 浸泡在SBF溶液中，不同天數的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料XRD繞射圖------------------------------------------------------------58
圖4.13 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料機械性質測試圖-------------------59
圖4.14 多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料TGA分析曲線圖------------------60
圖4.15 不同HA含量比例的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料DSC分析曲線圖-----------------------------------------------------------------61
圖4.16 不同HA含量比例的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料未經電漿處理的水接觸角示意圖-----------------------------------------------64
圖4.16-1 不同HA含量比例的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料經HMDSZ電漿處理後的水接觸角示意圖-----------------------------------65
圖4.16-2 不同HA含量比例的多孔形HA/PEEK複合材料經HMDSZ+O2電漿處理後的水接觸角示意圖-------------------66
圖 4-17 不同天數以及不同處理條件下成骨細胞計數示意圖-------68
圖 4-18 成骨細胞經培養 5 天後貼附在支架上之 SEM 照片------69

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