臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文提出一個電容電流磁滯控制應用於單相雙口網路昇降壓換流器。雙口網路於電路中增加兩顆電感與兩顆電容，透過對功率級電路的短路與非短路模式控制可有效的提昇直流鏈電壓，以達到昇降壓換流器。電容電流迴授具有訊號解析度較佳與較低的電流偵測元件成本，磁滯控制法分為固定、正弦、梯形磁滯準位三種。固定磁滯準位是為了使誤差訊號能在固定寬度內作切換，開關切換頻率變化較小，而在零點交越處為低頻切換，輸出電壓有零點交越失真的問題。正弦磁滯準位在零點交越處為雙電壓極性切換，改善了輸出電壓有零點交越失真的問題，開關切換損失因而增加。梯形磁滯準位為結合固定與正弦合成的準位，在零點交越後可快速到達上下限制器設定值，雙電壓極性切換區間減少，同時解決輸出電壓有零點交越失真與減少開關切換損失。最後，建立一容量為單相110V，1kVA之雙口網路昇降壓換流器系統雛型，並操作於四種不同特性負載：電阻性、電感性、電容性、整流性之負載，其系統滿載效率最高為88.26%，經由實驗結果來驗證本文的工作原理、控制方法和系統特性。

This study proposed a hysteresis controller of capacitor current for the single-phase two-port network buck-boost inverter. The two-port network circuit is comprised of two inductors and two capacitors. The DC bus voltage is improved by controlling the short and non-short mode of power stage circuit for implementing the buck-boost Inverter. The feedback of capacitor current has better signal resolution and lower cost for current detection. The hysteresis controller has three hysteresis commands, which are constant, sinusoid and trapezoid. The constant hysteresis level is switched in a constant band for error signal. The switching frequency of switches has less variation. The output voltage has zero cross distortion because the zero cross is low frequency. To improve the output voltage zero cross distortion by a bipolar PWM in the zero cross of sinusoid hysteresis level, the switching loss is increased. The constant and sinusoid hysteresis level is combined to a trapezoid hysteresis level. In order to reach the upper and lower limits quickly after the zero cross, the interval of bipolar PWM is decreased. To solve output voltage zero cross distortion and reduce the switching loss at the same time. Finally, a single-phase 110 V, 1 kVA two-port network buck-boost inverter circuit is built and operated at four different loads: resistor, inductor, capacitor, rectifier load. The system efficiency of full load is 88.26%. The operating principles, control methods, and characteristics of the system are verified by experimental results.

摘要 IV
Abstract V
致謝 VI
目錄 VII
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XIV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 論文大綱 3
第二章 單相換流器架構介紹 4
2.1 換流器 4
2.1.1 換流器之分類 4
2.1.2 全橋式換流器 6
2.1.2.1 PWM雙電壓極性切換 7
2.1.2.2 PWM單電壓極性切換 9
2.1.2.3 低損失單電壓極性切換 12
2.2 磁滯控制法 14
第三章 系統架構 16
3.1 雙口網路電路簡介 17
3.2 雙口網路等效電路與工作原理 18
3.2.1 非短路模式之單相雙口網路換流器 18
3.2.2 短路模式之單相雙口網路換流器 19
3.2.3 雙口網路電路工作原理 19
3.3 輸出濾波電路 21
第四章 控制方法 26
4.1 輸出電壓磁滯控制法 26
4.2 輸出電壓與電感電流磁滯控制法 27
4.3 輸出電壓與電容電流磁滯控制法 28
4.3.1 固定磁滯準位 29
4.3.1.1 電路動作原理與分析 31
4.3.1.2 正半週導通模式 31
4.3.1.3 負半週導通模式 37
4.3.2 正弦磁滯準位 42
4.3.2.1 正半週導通模式 44
4.3.2.2 負半週導通模式 46
4.3.3 梯形磁滯準位 48
4.3.3.1 正半週導通模式 50
4.3.3.2 負半週導通模式 52
4.4 結合雙口網路控制法和輸出電壓與電容電流磁滯控制法 55
4.4.1 降壓導通模式 57
4.4.2 昇壓導通模式 59
4.4.2.1 正半週導通模式 59
4.4.2.2 負半週導通模式 63
第五章 硬體電路規劃與實現 67
5.1 輸出電壓偵測電路 67
5.2 電容電流偵測電路 68
5.3 雙口網路偵測電路 69
5.4 磁滯比較器電路 70
5.5 功率開關驅動電路 72
5.6 過電流保護電路 73
5.7 重疊時間電路 74
第六章 實驗結果與討論 75
6.1 實驗簡介 75
6.2 實驗結果 76
6.2.1 操作於不同負載下之穩態特性 76
6.2.2 瞬間投載於不同負載下之暫態特性 83
6.2.3 系統於降壓與昇壓模式之穩態和暫態特性 86
6.3 結 論 92
6.4 未來研究方向 93
參考文獻 94
附錄 99
作者簡介 101

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