瞭解最佳運動表現時心理狀態變化，以及尋找如何促進運動員追求顛峰運動表現，一直是運動心理學家及運動教練所關注的議題。而神經回饋訓練主要藉由某電極點的腦波成份訓練，來增加對行為自我調節的能力。該方法在過去研究發現顯示，神經回饋訓練可以有效調節神經網路運作效能，改善認知及行為表現。腦波工具提供心理研究者去瞭解，運動員在技巧表現時的大腦活動變化。過去一些研究發現優秀射擊選手在趨近射擊時，左顳葉區T3顯示較高的α波活動，一些研究近一步發現T3-α活動特徵與成績好壞，技巧高低以及技巧學習有關。依據過去神經回饋訓練和射擊相關文獻的研究發現，本篇研究目的主要再探討是否16次T3-α神經回饋訓練可以促進射擊成績表現，和改變射擊前T3-α波活動模式。本研究以10公尺空氣手槍作為訓練項目，實驗組及控制組參與者各10位，每位參與者從事射擊訓練時間最少二年。對於兩組在腦波和射擊成績資料的分析檢查，依據研究假設分別以獨立樣本和相依樣本來進行統計考驗，比較兩組的成績及T3-α波在前後測是否有差異。
本研究結論如下：
一、神經回饋訓練組經過16次T3-α神經回饋模式訓練後，前後測射擊成績改變達顯著差異。
二、神經回饋訓練組經過16次T3-α神經回饋模式訓練後，前後測射擊前三秒的T3-α波改變達顯著差異。
三、控制組在前後測40發射擊成績平均數和標準差，以及T3-α波活動改變無顯著差異。
四、神經回饋訓練組與控制組在前測射擊成績及T3-α波無顯著差異。訓練後，神經回饋訓練組在後測射擊成績平均數和標準差，以及射擊前T3-α波活動改變，皆顯著高於控制組。
五、神經回饋訓練組在16次的神經回饋訓練過程時，在T3-α模式下的平均維持秒數和射擊成績平均數方面，隨著練習次數增加，顯示有逐漸上升的趨勢，經過線性回歸分析後顯示兩者之間有高度的相關程度。

Neurofeedback is a therapy technique in which the brain is trained to improve its regulation of all bodily functions and its ability to take care of itself. The quality of the brain’s self-regulation affects the cognitive performance of every human. If regulation within brain does not occur properly, it may result in the malfunction of emotions and normal cognitive ability. Neurofeedback training mainly focuses on enhancing self-regulation by using different training models to target specific needs. This article reviews studies of neurofeedback training from different application usages so as to facilitate its potential application in the enhancement of sport performance. Lastly, some suggestions for future research are proposed.

論文考試審定書…………………………………………………………ii碩博士論文授權書………………………………...……………………iii中文摘要………………………………………………………………...iv英文摘要…………………………………………………………….…vi謝致…………………………………………………………….….…...vii目錄………………………………………………..………………….…ix表目錄…………………………………………..……………………….xi圖目錄………………………………………..……………...………….xii
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 問題背景 1
第二節 研究目的 6
第三節 研究假設 7
第四節 研究範圍 7
第五節 名詞解釋 7
第貳章 理論基礎與文獻探討 8
第一節 生物回饋訓練與動作表現相關文獻探討 9
第二節 腦波活動與射擊表現相關文獻探討 20
第三節 文獻探討總結 30
第參章 研究方法與步驟 35
第一節 研究架構 35
第二節 實驗參與者 37
第三節 實驗時間與地點 38
第四節 實驗儀器、工具及裝置過程 38
第五節 神經回饋練習設計 43
第六節 單次練習及實驗流程 45
第七節 腦波資料處理與分析 53
第八節 統計分析 54
第肆章 結果與討論 55
第一節 結果 55
第二節 討論 68
第伍章 結論與建議 77
第一節 結論 77
第二節 建議 78
參考文獻 80
表 目 錄
表4-1 實驗組與控制組前後測射擊成績平均數與標準差 56
表4-2 實驗組與控制組前測射擊前三秒T3-α波平均數與標準差.....57
表4-3 實驗組前後測40發射擊成績平均數t考驗統計摘要表 60
表4-4 實驗組前後測40發射擊成績標準差t考驗統計摘要表 60
表4-5 控制組前後測40發射擊成績平均數t考驗統計摘要表…..…61
表4-6 控制組前後測40發射擊成績標準差t考驗統計摘要表……..61
表4-7 實驗組與控制組後測40發射擊成績平均數t考驗摘要……...62
表4-8 實驗組與控制組後測40發射擊成績標準差t考驗統計摘要表..................................................................................................62
表4-9 神經回饋訓練組前後測射擊前三秒T3-α波改變比較 63
表4-10控制組前後測射擊前三秒T3-α波改變比較 65
表4-11實驗組與控制組在射擊前三秒之T3-α波活動比較 66







圖 目 錄
圖2-1倒U字型理論圖………………………………………………...32
圖3-1自變項與依變項架構………………………………………...…35
圖3-2 本研究10-20系統電極位置分配……………...........................39
圖3-3 練習狀態 48
圖3-4 整體實驗流程 49
圖3-5 射擊腦波資料記錄 51
圖4-1 實驗組及控制組整體實驗階段成績變化 55
圖4-2 實驗組及控制組在前測射擊前三秒T3-α波活動 .56
圖4-3 神經回饋訓練組16次訓練平均維持秒數時間圖 ..58
圖4-4 16次神經回饋訓練維持秒數與射擊成績關係散佈圖………..59
圖4-5 神經回饋訓練組前後測射擊前三秒T3-α波活動 …………..63
圖4-6 控制組前後測射擊前三秒T3-α波活動……………….….…..64
圖4-7 實驗組與控制組在射擊前三秒之T3-α波活動…………..…..66

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