臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近幾年來 ，自從石油危機的發生， 能源的節省、儲藏、與開拓是刻不容緩的工作。本論文提出一種發電方式，由風力發電機與質子交換膜燃料電池來供應負載的需求，過剩的風能可以給予水電解器以產生氫氣，利用儲氫裝置儲存起來，隨時當作燃料電池的進料所需，此系統可以有效的儲存電能。然而在燃料電池運作階段，當電池電流瞬間需求量過大時，會使系統電池溫度超過操作範圍與氧氣枯竭之現象發生；當電池溫度過高時，將會造成質子交換膜脫水、破裂，嚴重的話，燃料電池將失去效能，而氧氣枯竭的發生也會造成質子交換膜受損，所以溫度與氧氣過量比的控制在燃料電池中是不容忽視的議題。
本論文提出模式預測控制策略，藉著冷卻水流率與空氣流率同時控制電池溫度與氧氣過量比在適合的操作點以確保系統性能，由於模式預測控制本身可調諧的參數眾多，我們先藉由溫度設定點追蹤探討出，只調諧權重值即可將系統控制在我們所想要的規格裡，再將此結論應用到干擾消除中也附合預期的效果，最後再將調諧好的最佳參數控制混合能源系統。

In the last few years, since petroleum crisis happened, the control, storage and exploitation become a great urgency. This research put forward a pattern of generating electric power. It uses wind turbine and proton exchange membrane fuel cell to meet the demand of load. The surplus of wind energy will provide electrolyzer with electrolysis of liquid water into hydrogen gas and reserve it by tank for the demand of fuel cell. This device can reserve electric energy effectively. However, in operating stage, the excess of instant demand of fuel cell current will make cell temperature go beyond the operating limit and bring about oxygen starvation phenomena. When cell temperature is higher than operating range, it will cause dehydration and fracture of proton exchange membrane. Excessively higher, fuel cell will lose performance and oxygen starvation phenomena will damage patron exchange membrane. No doubt we should take temperature and oxygen excess ratio seriously.
This research brings up scheme for model predictive control. Cooling water flow rate and air flow rate will hold cell temperature and oxygen excess ratio on proper operating point to ensure system performance. Because model predictive control can tune numerous parameters, through set point tracking, we can control system within specification merely by tuning weights. Further, applying this theory to disturbance suppression also meets the expectation. In conclusion, put the best tuned parameters into hybrid energy system.

目 錄

中文摘要 ..................................i
英文摘要 ..................................ii
誌謝 ..................................iv
目錄 ..................................v
表目錄 ..................................vii
圖目錄 ..................................viii
符號說明 ..................................x

第一章 緒論
1-1 前言 1
1-2 風力發電機 3
1-2.1 風力發電原理 3
1-3 燃料電池 5
1-3.1 燃料電池的種類 5
1-3.2 質子交換膜燃料電池的作動原理 8
1-3.3 質子交換膜燃料電池的優點 10
1-4 文獻回顧 11

第二章 數學模式的建立
2-1 前言 13
2-2 數學模式之假設 16
2-3 陰陽極動態方程式 17
2-4 極化曲線經驗式 19
2-4.1 活化過電位經驗式 21
2-4.2 歐姆過電位經驗式 24
2-4.3 電池組的輸出電壓與電化學效率 26
2-5 能量平衡方程式 27
2-6 風力渦輪發電機動態方程式 30
2-7 水電解器動態方程式 32

第三章 質子交換膜燃料電池的模擬與控制
3-1 數值分析 34
3-2 模擬燃料電池起動階段 37
3-3 模擬燃料電池負載改變階段 39
3-4 控制問題的浮現與系統操作點的選定 42
3-4.1 前言 42
3-4.2 溫度的控制問題 42
3-4.3 氧氣過量比控制問題 47
3-5 操作變數 48
3-5.1 前言 48
3-5.2 操作變數的模擬測試 49
3-6 模式預測控制 53
3-6.1 前言 53
3-6.2 模式預測控制演算法的策略 54
3-6.3 非線性模式預測控制 56
3-7 SISO溫度設定點追蹤 58
3-7.1 設定點追蹤控制策略 58
3-7.2 設定點追蹤控制器參數的調諧 61
3-7.3 設定點追蹤結果與討論 65
3-8 干擾消除 66
3-8.1 干擾消除的控制策略 66
3-8.2 干擾消除控制器參數的調諧 73
3-8.3 干擾消除控制器參數調諧的結果與討論 81
3-8.4 操作變數的限制 82
第四章 混合能源系統的設計與控制
4-1 前言 88
4-1.1 風能與產氫速率的數值分析 89
4-2 混合能源系統的設計概念 90
4-3 混合能源系統的模擬與控制 92
4-3.1 混合能源系統的模擬 92
4-3.2 溫度與氧氣過量比的控制 97

第五章 總結 100

參考文獻 102
作者簡介 104

參考文獻


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