|
參考文獻 1. Huang R-Y, Lin C-D, Lee M-S, et al. Mandibular disto-lingual root: a consideration in periodontal therapy. Journal of Periodontology 2007;78:1485-1490. 2. Ross IF, Thompson RH, Jr. A long term study of root retention in the treatment of maxillary molars with furcation involvement. Journal of Periodontology 1978;49:238-244. 3. Barker BC, Parsons KC, Mills PR, Williams GL. Anatomy of root canals. III. Permanent mandibular molars. Australian Dental Journal 1974;19:408-413. 4. Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1984;58:589-599. 5. de Souza-Freitas JA, Lopez ES, Casati-Alvares L. Anatomic variations of lower first permanent molar roots in two ethnic groups. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1971;31:274-278. 6. De Jonge TE, Cohen MD. Radix praemolaric unilateralis(Accessory Molar root). J Dent Res 1938;17:319-320. 7. Muhlreiter. Anatomie des menschlichen gebisses. leipzig: Arthur Felix; 1928. 8. Pucci FM, Reig R. Condutos radiculares. Buenos Aires: Médico Quirurgica; 1944. 9. Teixeira LD. Anatomia Dentária Humana. Belo Horizonate: Imprensa da U.M.G; 1963. 10. Carabelli D. Systematisches Handbuch der Zahnheikunde. Vienna: Braumüller und Seidel; 1844. 11. Adloff P. Das Gebiss des Menschen and der Anthropomorphen. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1908. 12. Bolk L. Bemerkunfen uber Wurzelvariationen am menschlichen unteren Molaren. Z Morphol Anthropol 1915;17:605. 13. Lenhossék MV. Makroskopische Anatomie Berlin: Urban & Sachwarzenberg; 1922. 14. Lenhossék, Miháy. Az Ember Anatomiája (Anatomy of the human body). Budapest: Tudományos Könyvkiadó; 1923. 15. Visser JB. Beutrag sur Kenntnis der menschlichen Zahnwurz-elformen Hilversuns(Holland): Buchdruskerei Rottin; 1948. 16. E.L.D. Sicher's oral anatomy. St.Louis: C.V.Mosby; 1980. 17. J.B.W. Dental anatomy. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1984. 18. Scott JH, S.N. Introduction to dental anatomy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1982. 19. Berthiaume JT. Five canals in a lower first molar. Journal of Michigan Dental Association 1983;65:213-214. 20. Jørgensen KD. The Deciouous Dentition. A Descriptive and Comparative anatomical Study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1956;14:supplement 20. 21. Falk WV, Bowers DF. Bilateral three-rooted mandibular first primary molars: report of case. Journal of Dentistry for Children 1983;50:136-137. 22. Badger GR. Three-rooted mandibular first primary molar. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1982;53:547. 23. Mayhall JT. Three-rooted deciduous mandibular second molars. Journal of Canadian Dental Association 1981;47:319-321. 24. Acs G, Pokala P, Cozzi E. Shovel incisors, three-rooted molars, talon cusp, and supernumerary tooth in one patient. Pediatric Dentistry 1992;14:263-264. 25. Turner CG, 2nd. Three-rooted mandibular first permanent molars and the question of American Indian origins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 1971;34:229-241. 26. Carlsen O, Alexandersen V. Radix entomolaris: identification and morphology. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1990;98:363-373. 27. Sperber GH, Moreau JL. Study of the number of roots and canals in Senegalese first permanent mandibular molars. Internal Endodontic Journal 1998;31:117-122. 28. Segura-Egea JJ, Jimenez-Pinzon A, Rios-Santos JV. Endodontic therapy in a 3-rooted mandibular first molar: importance of a thorough radiographic examination. Journal of Canadian Dental Association 2002;68:541-544. 29. Gulabivala K, Opasanon A, Ng YL, Alavi A. Root and canal morphology of Thai mandibular molars. International Endodontic Journal 2002;35:56-62. 30. Zegarelli EV, Kutscher AH, Hyman GA. Diagnosis of Disease of the Mouth and Jaws. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1978: 522. 31. Kannan SK, Suganya, Santharam H. Supernumerary roots. Indian Journal of Dental Research 2002;13:116-119. 32. Somogyi-Csizmazia W, Simons AJ. Three-rooted mandibular first permanent molars in Alberta Indian children. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association 1971;37:105-106. 33. Reichart PA, Metah D. Three-rooted permanent mandibular first molars in the Thai. Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology 1981;9:191-192. 34. Loh HS. Incidence and features of three-rooted permanent mandibular molars. Australian Dental Journal 1990;35:434-437. 35. Curzon ME. Three-rooted mandibular permanent molars in English Caucasians. Journal of Dental Research 1973;52:181. 36. Hochstetter RL. Incidence of trifurcated mandibular first permanent molars in the population of Guam. Journal of Dental Research 1975;54:1097. 37. Gabriel AC. Genetic Types in Teeth. In, 1966. 38. Law AS, Beaumont RH. Resolution of furcation bone loss associated with vital pulp tissue after nonsurgical root canal treatment of three-rooted mandibular molars: a case report of identical twins. Journal of Endodontics 2004;30:444-447. 39. Tratman EK. Three-rooted lower molars in man and their racial distribution. British Dental Journal 1938;64:264-274. 40. Taylor AE. Variations in the human tooth-form as met with in isolated teeth. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 1899;33:268-272. 41. Walker RT, Quackenbush LE. Three-rooted lower first permanent molars in Hong Kong Chinese. British Dental Journal 1985;159:298-299. 42. Campbell TD. Dentition and palate of theAustralian Aboriginal. Keith Sheridan Foundation: Adelaide Pub1; 1925. 43. Drennan MR. The dentition of the Bushmen trible. Annals of South African Museum 1929;24:61-87. 44. Shaw J. The teeth, the Bony Palate and the Mandible in Bantu Races of South Africa. London, UK: John Bale, Sons & Danielson; 1931. 45. Fabian H. Spezielle Anatomic des Gebisses. Leipzig: Werner Klinlhardt; 1928. 46. Hjelmman G. Morphologische Beobachtungen an den Zähnen der Finnen. Acta Soc Med Fenn Duodecim 1929;11:1-136. 47. Kovacs I. Personal communication. In, 1969. 48. Steelman R. Incidence of an accessory distal root on mandibular first permanent molars in Hispanic children. Journal of Dentistry for Children 1986;53:122-123. 49. Younes SA, al-Shammery AR, el-Angbawi MF. Three-rooted permanent mandibular first molars of Asian and black groups in the Middle East. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1990;69:102-105. 50. Laband F. Two years' dental school work in British North Borneo;relation of diet to dental caries among natives. Journal American Dental Association 1941;28:992-998. 51. Gulabivala K, Aung TH, Alavi A, Ng Y-L. Root and canal morpgology of Burmese amndibular molars. International Endodontic Journal 2001;34:359-370. 52. Ferraz JA, Pecora JD. Three-rooted mandibular molars in patients of Mongolian, Caucasian and Negro origin. Brazilian Dental Journal 1993;3:113-117. 53. Walker RT. Root form and canal anatomy of mandibular first molars in a southern Chinese population. Endodontics & Dental Traumatology 1988;4:19-22. 54. Jones AW. The incidence of the three-rooted lower first permanent molar in Malay people. Singapore Dental Journal 1980;5:15-17. 55. Curzon ME, Curzon JA. Three-rooted mandibular molars in the Keewatin Eskimo. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association 1971;37:71-72. 56. Yew SC, Chan K. A retrospective study of endodontically treated mandibular first molars in a Chinese population. Journal of Endodontics 1993;19:471-473. 57. Pedersen PO. The East Greenland Eskimo dentition. Numerical variations and anatomy. A contribution to comparative ethnic odontography. Meddeleser Om Gronland 1949;142:141. 58. Pindborg JJ. Pathology of the Dental Hard Tissues. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders Co.; 1970: 43. 59. Rosner B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics: Duxbury; 2007. 60. Naoum HJ, Love RM, Chandler NP, Herbison P. Effect of X-ray beam angulation and intraradicular contrast medium on radiographic interpretation of lower first molar root canal anatomy. International Endodontic Journal 2003;36:12-19. 61. Harada Y, Tomino S, Ogawa K, et al. [Frequency of three-rooted mandibular first molars. Survey by x-ray photographs]. Shika Kiso Igakkai Zasshi - Japanese Journal of Oral Biology 1989;31:13-18. 62. Lee S-J, Jang K-H, Spangberg LSW, et al. Three-dimensional visualization of a mandibular first molar with three distal roots using computer-aided rapid prototyping. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology Endodontology 2006;101:668-674. 63. Scaf G, Lurie AG, Mosier KM, Kantor ML, Ramsby GR, Freedman ML. Dosimetry and cost of imaging osseointegrated implants with film-based and computed tomography. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology & Endodontics 1997;83:41-48. 64. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology:principles and interpretation. St Louis: Mosby; 2004. 65. Ludlow JB, Davies-Ludlow LE, Brooks SL. Dosimetry of two extraoral direct digital imaging devices: NewTom cone beam CT and Orthophos Plus DS panoramic unit. Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology 2003;32:229-234. 66. Tu M-G, Tsai C-C, Jou M-J, et al. Prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars among Taiwanese individuals. Journal of Endodontics 2007;33:1163-1166. 67. Bower RC. Furcation morphology relative to periodontal treatment. Furcation root surface anatomy. Journal of Periodontology 1979;50:366-374. 68. Bower RC. Furcation morphology relative to periodontal treatment. Furcation entrance architecture. Journal of Periodontology 1979;50:23-27. 69. Becker W, Berg L, Becker BE. Untreated periodontal disease: a longitudinal study. Journal of Periodontology 1979;50:234-244. 70. Waerhaug J. The furcation problem. Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1980;7:73-95. 71. Stroner WF, Remeikis NA, Carr GB. Mandibular first molar with three distal canals. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1984;57:554-557. 72. Ingle JI, Beveridge EE, Glick DH, Weichman JA. Endodontics. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Lea & Febiger; 1976: 1-57. 73. Cohen AS, Brown DC. Oraofacial dental pain emergencies:endodontic disgnosis and management. In: Cohen AS, Burns RC, eds. Pathways of the Pulp. Boston,MA,USA: Mosby, 2002:31-75. 74. Prabhu NT, Munshi AK. Additional distal root in permanent mandibular first molars: report of a case. Quintessence International 1995;26:567-569. 75. Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. Mandibular first molar with three distal root canals. International Endodontic Journal 2000;33:468-470. 76. Freeman DC. Root surface area related to anchorage in the Begg technique. Memphis: Tennessee; 1965. 77. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. St. Louis Mosby Elsevier; 2007. 78. Leigh RW. Dental Morphology and Pathology of Prehistoric Guam: Memoirs of the Bernice P.Bishop Museum; 1929.
|