臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究希望能夠了解高齡者是否能夠將有生命物體的情緒感受轉移到平面（無生命）圖像上？當圖像轉換到產品上時，認知的差異是否依然存在？情緒性圖像在高齡者認知上的重要內涵和特徵為何？對於身心理狀況逐漸改變的高齡者而言，若能透過情緒性的設計手法，來提升高齡者對於圖像的認知，可降低因錯誤理解所發生的危險；也能藉由情緒性的特徵增加產品的親近感，來提升高齡者操作使用的意願。本研究透過「情緒性圖像問卷調查」與「情緒性產品問卷調查」，針對「情緒感受」、「表現手法」與「喜好度」，找出情緒性圖像影響高齡者認知的屬性，並且加入年輕人做為實驗的對照組，來探討年齡差異在認知上的表現是否有所不同。透過實驗結果以及各項分析探討，本研究得到幾個重要結論：一、高齡者與年輕人對於情緒感受的認知上確實有所差異，對於中性或是模糊不清的情緒圖樣，高齡者會傾向於正向的情感感受，年輕人則會偏向負向的判別；二、圖像的理解程度會影響對於高齡者對情緒性圖像的認知結果，並且影響了其感受與喜好；三、當平面圖像轉換成立體圖像時，因為細節容易模糊而削弱了所要傳達的情緒感受，使得高齡者在認知有所轉變，進而影響對於該圖像的各項評價；四、無論應用在平面圖像或是產品上，表情特徵必須清楚明確才能確實傳達其所要呈現的情緒感受。

This research project hopes to understand whether the elderly people could transfer the feelings of emotional symbols from animate life to inanimate objects? Does the cognition of emotional symbols exist differences when apply symbols between on graphics and on products? What are the most important connotation and characteristics of emotional symbols in elderly people cognition? The psychological state is gradually changing for elderly people. If the design of emotional symbols could enhance the cognition and reduce the understanding error for elderly people that will increase the intimacy and usability of product by emotional characteristics. This research applied “questionnaire of emotional symbols” and “questionnaire of emotional products” investigating the “emotional feeling”, “design operation” and “preference” to find out the affected characteristics of emotional symbols for the cognition of elderly people. There are young and aged two subject groups participate in this study to explore the cognition differences between two groups. The results show four conclusions: 1.There is cognition differences between two groups of age. Elderly people will tend to make positive judgment on the emotional symbols of neutral or ambiguous images; the young people are tending to make negative judgment. 2. The understanding level of emotional symbols will affect the cognition, feeling and preference of elderly people.3. The emotional responses will decrease when 2D graphic trance to 3D images causing the blurred details for cognition and evaluation of elderly people. 4. The features of emotional symbols must clearly express their goal regardless the symbols applied on graphics or products.

誌謝 ...............................................................................................iii
摘要 ...............................................................................................iv
Abstract..........................................................................................vi
表目錄 .........................................................................................xiii
圖目錄 .........................................................................................xvi
第一章 緒論 ............................................................................. - 1 -
1.1研究背景及動機............................................................... - 1 -
1.2研究目的........................................................................... - 3 -
1.3研究範圍與限制............................................................... - 5 -
1.4 研究流程......................................................................... - 6 -
第二章 文獻探討 ..................................................................... - 8 -
2.1視覺與圖像之關係........................................................... - 8 -
2.2認知表徵........................................................................... - 9 -
2.3人類認知過程................................................................. - 10 -
2.3.1感覺............................................................................... - 11 -
2.3.2知覺............................................................................... - 11 -
2.3.3認知的訊息加工過程.................................................. - 12 -
2.3.4高齡者心理認知探討.................................................. - 12 -
ix
2.4情緒與認知..................................................................... - 14 -
2.5情緒性圖像的認知偏好................................................. - 16 -
第三章 研究方法 ................................................................... - 18 -
3.1 資料蒐集與刺激物篩選............................................... - 20 -
3.1.1 資料蒐集............................................................... - 20 -
3.1.2 刺激物影像處理及篩選....................................... - 21 -
3.2 情緒性圖像問卷設計................................................... - 23 -
3.2.1問卷設計細項......................................................... - 23 -
3.2.2 受測對象............................................................... - 24 -
3.2.3 情緒性圖像問卷調查之前測實驗....................... - 24 -
3.2.4 實驗程序............................................................... - 25 -
3.3 情緒性產品認知實驗問卷設計................................... - 27 -
3.3.1 代表性刺激物挑選............................................... - 27 -
3.3.2 問卷設計細項....................................................... - 29 -
3.3.3 受測對象............................................................... - 30 -
3.3.4 實驗程序............................................................... - 30 -
第四章 實驗結果與分析 ....................................................... - 31 -
4.1 情緒性圖像問卷調查結果........................................... - 31 -
4.1.1 情緒感受獨立樣本T檢定.................................... - 33 -
x
4.1.2 情緒感受SNK多範圍檢定................................... - 35 -
4.1.3 表現手法獨立樣本T檢定.................................... - 38 -
4.1.4 表現手法SNK多範圍檢定................................... - 40 -
4.1.5 喜好程度獨立樣本T檢定.................................... - 43 -
4.1.6 喜好程度SNK多範圍檢定................................... - 45 -
4.1.7 相關分析............................................................... - 48 -
4.1.8 年齡與理解程度交叉分析................................... - 49 -
4.1.9 33張情緒性圖像整體綜合比較............................ - 52 -
4.2 情緒性產品問卷調查結果分析................................... - 54 -
4.2.1 情緒感受獨立樣本T檢定.................................... - 54 -
4.2.2 情緒感受SNK多範圍檢定................................... - 59 -
4.2.3 情緒性圖像獨立存在與應用於產品上的認知差異- 62 -
4.2.4 表現手法獨立樣本T檢定.................................... - 64 -
4.2.5 表現手法SNK多範圍檢定................................... - 68 -
4.2.6 喜好程度獨立樣本T檢定.................................... - 71 -
4.2.7 喜好程度SNK多範圍檢定................................... - 76 -
4.2.8 相關分析............................................................... - 78 -
4.2.9 25張情緒性產品整體綜合比較............................ - 80 -
第五章 實驗結果與討論 ....................................................... - 81 -
xi
5.1 高齡者與年輕人在情緒性圖像認知上的差異........... - 81 -
5.2 高齡者與年輕人在表現手法上的認知差異............... - 83 -
5.3 理解程度會影響高齡者對情緒性圖像的感受與喜好- 83 -
5.4 情緒性圖像應用到產品設計上時，高齡者與年輕人認
知上的差異..................................................................... - 85 -
5.5 立體呈現手法會造成高齡者在認知上開始轉變....... - 87 -
第六章 結論與建議 ............................................................... - 89 -
6.1 結論................................................................................ - 89 -
6.2 研究貢獻....................................................................... - 90 -
6.2.1運用在圖像設計上................................................. - 90 -
6.2.2 運用在產品設計上............................................... - 91 -
6.3 研究限制與後續研究................................................... - 91 -
參考文獻 ................................................................................. - 93 -
附件一 33張情緒性圖像分類表........................................ - 97 -
附件二 情緒性圖像認知問卷 ............................................ - 98 -
附件三 情緒性產品認知問卷 .......................................... - 101 -
附件四 情緒性圖像_情緒感受獨立樣本T檢定結果...... - 105 -
附件五 情緒性圖像_表現手法獨立樣本T檢定結果...... - 107 -
附件六 情緒性圖像_喜好程度獨立樣本T檢定結果...... - 109 -
xii
附件七情緒性圖像_理解程度與年齡之交叉分析結果.- 111 -
附件八 獨立樣本T檢定_33張情緒性圖像整體綜合比較- 115 -
附件九 情緒性產品_情緒感受獨立樣本T檢定結果...... - 117 -
附件十 情緒性產品_表現手法獨立樣本T檢定結果...... - 119 -
附件十一 情緒性產品_喜好程度獨立樣本T檢定結果.. - 121 -
附件十二 獨立樣本T檢定_25張情緒性產品整體綜合比較- 123 -
xiii
表目錄
表4.1 情緒感受統計結果_年輕人.................................... - 32 -
表4.2 情緒感受統計結果_高齡者.................................... - 32 -
表4.3 情緒感受獨立樣本T檢定........................................ - 34 -
表4.4 情緒感受SNK多範圍檢定結果_年輕人................ - 36 -
表4.5 情緒感受SNK多範圍檢定結果_高齡者................ - 37 -
表4.6 表現手法統計結果_年輕人.................................... - 38 -
表4.7 表現手法統計結果_高齡者.................................... - 39 -
表4.8 表現手法獨立樣本T檢定........................................ - 40 -
表4.9 表現手法SNK多範圍檢定結果_年輕人................ - 41 -
表4.10 表現手法SNK多範圍檢定結果_高齡者.............. - 42 -
表4.11 喜好程度統計結果_年輕人.................................. - 43 -
表4.12 喜好程度_高齡者.................................................. - 44 -
表4.13 喜好程度獨立樣本T檢定...................................... - 45 -
表4.14 喜好程度SNK多範圍檢定結果_年輕人.............. - 46 -
表4.15 喜好程度SNK多範圍檢定結果_高齡者.............. - 47 -
表4.16 相關分析結果........................................................ - 49 -
表4.17理解程度與年齡交叉分析結果.............................. - 50 -
表4.18 情緒感受排名_年輕人.......................................... - 55 -
xiv
表4.19 情緒感受排名_高齡者.......................................... - 55 -
表4.20 情緒感受獨立樣本T檢定...................................... - 56 -
表4.21 印刷與浮雕應用於產品上之獨立樣本T檢定_年輕
人_情緒感受............................................................... - 57 -
表4.22 印刷與浮雕應用於產品上之獨立樣本T檢定_高齡
者_情緒感受............................................................... - 58 -
表4.23 情緒感受SNK多範圍檢定結果_年輕人.............. - 60 -
表4.24 情緒感受SNK多範圍檢定結果_高齡者.............. - 61 -
表4.25 情緒性圖像獨立存在與應用於產品上_情緒感受獨
立樣本T檢定............................................................... - 63 -
表4.26 表現手法排名_年輕人.......................................... - 64 -
表4.27 表現手法排名_高齡者.......................................... - 65 -
表4.28 表現手法獨立樣本T檢定...................................... - 65 -
表4.29 印刷與浮雕應用於產品上之獨立樣本T檢定_年輕
人_表現手法............................................................... - 66 -
表4.30 印刷與浮雕應用於產品上之獨立樣本T檢定_高齡
者_表現手法............................................................... - 67 -
表4.31 表現手法SNK多範圍檢定結果_年輕人.............. - 69 -
表4.32 表現手法SNK多範圍檢定結果_高齡者.............. - 70 -
xv
表4.33 喜好程度排名_年輕人.......................................... - 71 -
表4.34 喜好程度排名_高齡者.......................................... - 71 -
表4.35 喜好程度獨立樣本T檢定...................................... - 73 -
表4.36 印刷與浮雕應用於產品上之獨立樣本T檢定_年輕
人_喜好程度............................................................... - 74 -
表4.37 印刷與浮雕應用於產品上之獨立樣本T檢定_高齡
者_喜好程度............................................................... - 75 -
表4.38 喜好程度SNK多範圍檢定結果_年輕人.............. - 77 -
表4.39 喜好程度SNK多範圍檢定結果_高齡者.............. - 78 -
表4.40 相關分析結果........................................................ - 79 -
xvi
圖目錄
圖1.1 左為ISO訂定的公共標示圖像，右為加入情感元素
的圖像範例................................................................... - 4 -
圖1.2 以標點符號組成類似人臉的表情............................ - 4 -
圖1.3 研究流程圖................................................................ - 7 -
圖3.1實驗步驟.................................................................... - 19 -
圖3.2 33張代表性刺激物................................................ - 22 -
圖3.3 圖像處理方式.......................................................... - 22 -
圖3.4 運用於產品上的12張情緒性圖像.......................... - 28 -
圖3.5 第三階段25張情緒性產品圖片.............................. - 29 -
圖5.1 具象c的圖像............................................................ - 85 -
圖5.2 編號p13之刺激物圖像............................................ - 88 -

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