臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　在不同的應用情境下，必須根據需求將無線感測網路節點的功能做不同的修改，其中省電與效率是最為關鍵的問題。本研究針對無線感測網路的特定節點提出一項可增加網路生命週期的軟體更新機制。首先，在興趣封包中加入更新節點的清單，使得節點可被告知為更新的對象，以實現特定節點更新的功能。其次在路徑的選擇方面，本研究結合MTPR與MMBCR兩種方式，一方面找出最短路徑增加更新效率，另一方面加入節點電量判斷機制避開過度使用的節點延長無線感測網路生命週期。最後將更新的程式碼皆分割為核心程式模組與應用程式模組以減少資料的傳輸，在進行程式碼更新時，本研究採用SPIN方法以確保封包不會遺失。
　　本研究與無線感測網路的程式碼散佈工具－Deluge之各項實驗數據顯示：(1)在5*5的網路拓撲以及傳輸12 Pages的資料時，本研究之方法在傳輸時間方面只需要Deluge的67%，(2)封包數量為Deluge的41%，而電量則可節省67%，(3) 12 Pages資料量的更新工作也可較Deluge多進行1.79倍，(4)在5*1的直線拓撲下，啟動程式碼切割機制後，在傳輸時間只需要Deluge的14%，電量則可節省87%。

The functions of the wireless sensor network (WSN) node need to be modified in different requirements in order to fulfill different applications. The power saving and performance are key issues have to be conquered. In this research, we propose a mechanism to increase the lifetime for the specific node’s update in the wireless sensor network. Firstly, we modify the interest packet of directed diffusion method to determine sink nodes. Secondly, this study combined MTPR with MMBCR to determine the update path. This combined method can not only find the shortest path for increasing the efficiency, but also provide a good power saving for extending the network life cycle. Thirdly, we divide program codes into core modules and application modules. It can reduce the data amount when WSN nodes are updating. These data is transmitted by SPIN method to secure packet lossless.
In comparing our study and Deluge, the experimental results show that (1) the transmission time can be reduced to 67% when send 12 pages in 5*5 network topology. (2) The transmission packet can be reduced to 41% and power consumption can be saved to 67% when send 12 pages in 5*5 network topology. (3) The 12 pages updating task in 5*5 network topology can be executed more than 1.79 times than Deluge. (4) In reducing code image size, the transmission time can be reduced to 14% and the power consumption can be saved to 87% in 5*1 network topology.

授權書 iii
致謝 iv
中文摘要 v
英文摘要 vii
目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 研究目的 5
1.4 論文架構 7
第二章 相關文獻探討 8
2.1 資料散佈演算法 8
2.1.1 以資料為中心的方法(Data-Centric) 8
2.1.2 特定節點更新 11
2.1.3 電量考量為主之傳播模式 11
2.2 TINYOS系統架構 16
2.3 程式碼的傳輸與執行 19
2.3.1 機械碼(Native Code) 19
2.3.2 虛擬機器(Virtual Machines) 19
2.3.3 模組化(Loadable Module) 20
第三章 研究策略與方法 22
3.1 無線感測網路軟體更新流程 22
3.2 發佈更新訊息 28
3.2.1 封包格式說明 29
3.2.2 路由演算法 32
3.3 建立路由路徑 37
3.4 傳遞程式碼資料 39
3.4.1 程式碼編譯與分割流程 39
3.4.2 程式碼傳遞流程 41
3.4.3 封包格式說明 43
3.5 重新啟動節點 48
3.6 總結 50
第四章 實驗方法與實作成果 51
4.1 實驗軟體套件說明 51
4.1.1 TOSSIM模擬器 51
4.1.2 程式碼散佈工具－Deluge 52
4.2 實驗環境建置 52
4.3 實驗結果 54
4.3.1 程式碼資料量對特定節點散佈的影響 54
4.3.2 節點數量對特定節點散佈的影響 58
4.3.3 網路生命時間對路由方法的影響 59
4.3.4 程式分割機制與更新效率的影響 61
4.4 數據討論 64
第五章 結論 67
參考文獻 72

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