臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現實生活中，人們常處在資訊不精確且多變的環境中，(Zadeh, 1965)定義模糊理論幫助人類描述並解決所遇到的問題。爾後有學者根據模糊理論的概念發展出直覺模糊理論，將人類心中實際感受與不確定的程度以數值表示，此理論一提出即引起許多學者投入研究並且應用在群體決策上，專家根據一些準則評估方案，尋求較佳的方案。找尋最佳決策，很常使用到相似性公式，利用公式計算專家意見集合的相似程度。然而，專家間的意見總會有分歧，可透過共識度流程，解決專家意見的分歧，整合出一致的意見，達成方案的共識性。
共識度流程是整合個人單一的意見為群體的意見，利用整合後的方案以數值方式進行排序。本研究廣泛蒐集不同的直覺模糊相似性測度公式，並使用共識度流程，將流程中定義的距離公式以不同的直覺模糊相似度公式替換，討論在不同的公式下，對共識度流程結果的影響。先針對公式計算的不同特性分成四組，再從這四組中選取方案排序結果彼此差異較大的公式進行實驗分析，並改變方案個數、準則個數及專家個數，討論在不同的情況下，不同的相似性公式其方案排序的情形，是否會影響決策。使用分析指標包括Spearman等級相關係數、一致率、反轉率及矛盾率，由結果發現，在改變不同的方案個數、準則個數及專家個數的情況下，方案個數的改變對於方案排序的影響甚大，方案個數愈多，愈容易改變方案排列，影響決策。相對的，準則個數與專家個數的改變，對方案排列的影響相當小，指標的曲線圖大致維持相同曲線。因此建議往後決策者在進行決策分析時，可以選擇容易計算且節省時間成本之公式即可。

In 1965, fuzzy sets were introduced by Zadeh to deal with the imprecise and variable data in real life. In several decades later, intuitionistic fuzzy set theory were developed by Atanassov to express the human feeling with numerical numbers, and were proposed in group decision making. One practical application is similarity measures. Naturally, at the beginning of every group decision making problem, experts’ opinions may differ substantially. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a consensus process in an attempt to obtain the maximum degree of consensus or agreement between the set of experts on the solution set of alternatives.
Consensus model process is processed to integrate a single opinion into group opinions, which could be ranked by numerical numbers. The aim of this paper is to present a consensus model for solving group decision making problems in intuitionistic fuzzy set environment. We conduct the proposed method on different similarity measures to discuss the effect to the ranking result. The similarity measures are separated into four groups from each similarity measure expression and its own measuring focus. In addition, a comprehensive experimental analysis to observe the intuitionistic fuzzy consensus results yielded by different similarity measures is presented. Several comparison indices are examined, including the average Spearman correlation coefficients, the consistency rate, the inversion rate, and the contradiction rate. According to the results, the four indices are affected as the number of decision alternatives in a problem increases. On the other hand, the number of attributes, and the number of experts have only a minor practical influence in view of the four indices. We suggest forward researchers that it might be a better choice to apply a simple and measure.

指導教授推薦書……………………………………………………………………….
口試委員會審定書……………………………………………………………………..
授權書…………………………………………………………………………….…..iii
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………………...iv
中文摘要 v
英文摘要.......................................................................................................................vi
目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機與背景 1
1.2研究目的及內容 2
第二章 文獻探討 3
2.1 群體決策方法 3
2.2 模糊群體決策 4
2.3 直覺模糊理論 5
2.4 直覺模糊群體決策 6
2.5 共識性測度 8
第三章 直覺模糊相似性測度 10
3.1 直覺模糊集合基本概念 10
3.2 相似性測度公式 10
3.3 相似性測度公式比較 18
第四章 研究方法 36
4.1 直覺模糊群體決策共識度方法 36
4.2 直覺模糊群體決策共識度方法之數值例 39
第五章 實驗分析 42
5.1 分析指標與公式選取 42
5.2 Spearman等級相關係數分析 48
5.3 一致率分析(consistency rate) 49
5.4 反轉率分析(inversion rate) 50
5.5 矛盾率分析(contradiction rate) 51
5.6 實驗結果歸納 52
5.7 迴歸分析 52
第六章 結論與建議 70
6.1 結論 70
6.2 未來研究建議 71
參考文獻 72
附錄 77

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