臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

“指影現象”乃為兩不同黏度之流體於互相交會之際，因置換流體其不穩定流動之發生與持續發展，因而在兩流體之交界面上形成如同指頭形狀的流動形貌即稱之。指影現象的發生，對於射出成型件之強度及外貌皆具有嚴重之影響性，惟過去在流體輔助射出成型研究領域中，對於指影現象之探討，皆將研究重點集中於具有肋之薄板件的成型上，對於未具有肋之厚板件其指影現象並未有人加以研究探討。
本研究乃利用流體輔助射出成型技術，來加以探討非等溫過程下非牛頓流體於成型過程中之指影生成現象。研究中乃分別利用氣體輔助射出成型技術與液體輔助射出成型技術來加以成型工件，藉以比較出加工製程技術對於指影生成之影響性。除此之外，本研究亦利用單一參數實驗法，來加以探討製程參數對於指影現象之影響性；而為了探究成型件厚度對於指影現象之影響性，本研究亦分別設計兩種不同成型件厚度，來加以比較其指影現象之形成差異性。而經由本研究所得之結果可知，液體輔助射出成型件之指影現象乃較氣體輔助射出成型件來的更為嚴重，而厚件之指影嚴重程度乃會較薄件來的嚴重，至於影響指影生成之兩個最重要製程參數乃為模具溫度以及融膠短射量。

One of the problems encountered in fluid assisted injection molded parts is the gas or water “fingering” phenomenon, in which gas (water) bubbles penetrate non-uniformly into the core of the parts and form finger-shape branches. Severe fingerings can lead to significant reductions in part stiffness. This study investigated the fingering phenomenon in fluid assisted injection molded disk parts. Experiments were carried out on a reciprocating injection molding machine equipped with gas and water injection units. The material used was virgin polypropylene. A disk cavity with two different thicknesses was used for all experiments. The effects of various processing parameters on the fingering were examined. It was found that the melt short shot size and mold temperature were the principal parameters affecting the formation of part fingerings. In addition, the formation mechanism of part fingerings has also been proposed to better understand the formation of part fingerings. It has been shown that the fluid assisted filling process is an unstable system by nature. Any small perturbation by material viscosity or by temperature gradient can trigger the unbalance of gas (water) penetrations in the parts and result in fingerings.

指導教授推薦書....................................................
口試委員會審定書..................................................授權書...........................................................iii
誌謝.............................................................iv
中文摘要......................................................... v
英文摘要.........................................................vi
目錄............................................................ vii
第一章 導論
1.1 塑膠材料......................................................1
1.2 射出成型技術..................................................3
1.2.1射出成型法之優點...........................................5
1.3 氣體輔助射出成型..............................................6
1.3.1氣體輔助射出成型之原理.....................................6
1.3.2氣體輔助射出成形之優點及缺點...............................9
1.4 液體輔助射出成型.............................................11
1.4.1液體輔助射出成型之原理....................................11
1.4.2液體輔助射出成型之優點....................................13
1.4.3液體輔助射出成型之應用範圍................................14
1.4.4液體輔助射出成型當前遭遇之問題與限制......................15
1.4.5液體輔助射出成型目前發展概況..............................16
1.5 研究動機.....................................................19
1.6 研究目標.....................................................21
1.7 論文架構.....................................................22

第二章 文獻回顧
2.1液體輔助射出成型相關文獻......................................23
2.2氣體輔助射出成型相關文獻......................................26
2.3共射出成型相關文獻............................................29
2.4指影現象相關文獻..............................................31
2.5文獻回顧總結..................................................35

第三章 實驗材料與設備
3.1實驗描述......................................................37
3.2實驗設計......................................................39
3.2.1實驗模具設計製作..................... .....................39
3.2.2實驗材料........ ..........................................43
3.2.3實驗設備及規格.. ..........................................44
3.2.4實驗架設........ ..........................................50
3.5單一參數實驗..................................................51
3.5.1液體輔助射出成型單一參數實驗................ ..............51
3.5.2氣體輔助射出成型單一參數實驗................ ..............53
3.5.3液體輔助射出成型與氣體輔助射出成型之比較.... ..............54
3.6成品量化定義..................................................55
3.7實驗步驟......................................................57

第四章 結果與討論
4.1實驗模具建立..................................................58
4.2製程技術與成品厚度對於指影形貌之影響..........................58
4.3二次滲透現象之比較............................................61
4.4影響指影生成之因素............................................63
4.5單一參數實驗結果............................ .................70
4.5.1不同製程於8mm板件單一參數實驗結果分析... .................70
4.5.2不同製程於10mm板件單一參數實驗結果分析.. .................89
4.5.3不同板件厚度之液輔製程單一參數實驗結果... ................106
4.5.4不同板件厚度之氣輔製程單一參數實驗結果... ................110

第五章 結論與未來研究方向
5.1結論.........................................................115
5.2未來研究方向.................................................116
參考文獻......... ..............................................118




















圖 目 錄
圖1-1 射出成型過程示意圖................................ .........5
圖1-2 氣體輔助射出成型之示意圖..... ..............................7
圖1-3 氣體推動熔膠過程示意圖. ....................................8
圖1-4 液體輔助射出成型示意圖................... .................12
圖1-5 各種液體輔助射出成型方式................. .................13
圖1-6 德國Battenfeld --Aquamold系統............. .................17
圖1-7 全立發公司之水輔設備與產品............... .................17
圖1-8 Aquapress 液輔示意圖.......................................18
圖1-9 兩不互容流體之黏度指影現象. ...............................19
圖3-1 模具尺寸圖......... .......................................40
圖3-2 模具實際圖......... .......................................41
圖3-3 模仁尺寸圖......... .......................................41
圖3-4 成品示意圖......... .......................................42
圖3-5 台中精機Victor-7000/VS-80型射出. .......................44
圖3-6 循環式模溫機.............................................45
圖3-7 烘料機........................ ............................46
圖3-8 氣體輔助射出設備.............. ............................46
圖3-9 氣體輔助射出設備.............. ............................47
圖3-10 水針實際外觀圖.......................................... 49
圖3-11 實驗架設示意圖...................... ....................50
圖3-12 掏空面積差值計算示意圖...... ............................57
圖3-13 整體實驗流程圖...................... ....................58
圖4-1 不同成型技術與成品厚度指影分佈形貌圖.................... 60
圖4-2 二次滲透現象示意圖.................. ....................62
圖4-3 壓力梯度改變示意圖.................. ....................65
圖4-4 8 mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(射膠溫度改變) ...........72
圖4-5 8 mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(射膠溫度改變)................73
圖4-6 8 mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(射膠溫度改變)................73
圖4-7 8 mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(模具溫度改變)............75
圖4-8 8 mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(模具溫度改變)................75
圖4-9 8 mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(模具溫度改變) ...............76
圖4-10 8 mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(短射尺寸改變)............77
圖4-11 8 mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(短射尺寸改變)................77
圖4-12 8 mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(短射尺寸改變)................78
圖4-13 8 mm液輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(液體溫度改變)........79
圖4-14 8 mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(液體溫度改變)................80
圖4-15 8 mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(流體壓力改變)............82
圖4-16 8 mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(水壓改變)....................82
圖4-17 8 mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(氣壓改變)....................83
圖4-18 8 mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(保壓時間改變)............84
圖4-19 8 mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(保壓時間改變)................85
圖4-20 8 mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(保壓時間改變)................85
圖4-21 8 mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(流體進入延遲時間改變)....87
圖4-22 8 mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(進水延遲時間改變)............87
圖4-23 8 mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(進氣延遲時間改變)............88
圖4-24 10mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(射膠溫度改變) ...........90
圖4-25 10mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(射膠溫度改變) ...............91
圖4-26 10mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(射膠溫度改變) ...............91
圖4-27 10mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(模具溫度改變) ...........93
圖4-28 10mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(模具溫度改變) ...............93
圖4-29 10mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(模具溫度改變) ...............94
圖4-30 10mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(短射尺寸改變) ...........95
圖4-31 10mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(短射尺寸改變) ...............95
圖4-32 10mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(短射尺寸改變) ...............96
圖4-33 10mm液輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(液體溫度改變) .......97
圖4-34 10mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(液體溫度改變) ...............98
圖4-35 10mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(流體壓力改變) ...........99
圖4-36 10mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(水壓改變) ..................100
圖4-37 10 mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(氣壓改變)..................100
圖4-38 10 mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(保壓時間改變)..........102
圖4-39 10 mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(保壓時間改變)..............102圖4-40 10 mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(保壓時間改變)..............103
圖4-41 10 mm射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(流體進入延遲時間改變) .104
圖4-42 10 mm液輔射出板件實際成品圖(進水延遲時間改變) .........105
圖4-43 10 mm氣輔射出板件實際成品圖(進水延遲時間改變) .........105圖4-44 8 mm及10 mm液輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(射膠溫度改變)
................................ .......................107
圖4-45 8 mm及10mm液輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(模具溫度改變)
............................... ........................107
圖4-46 8 mm及10mm液輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(短射尺寸改變)
............................... ........................108
圖4-47 8 mm及10mm液輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(液體壓力改變)
............................... ........................108
圖4-48 8 mm及10mm液輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(液體溫度改變)
............................... ........................109
圖4-49 8 mm及10mm液輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(保壓時間改變)
............................... ........................109
圖4-50 8 mm及10mm液輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(液體進入延遲時間改變) ....................... ........................110
圖4-51 8 mm及10mm氣輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(射膠溫度改變)
............................... ........................111
圖4-52 8 mm及10mm氣輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(模具溫度改變)
............................... ........................112
圖4-53 8 mm及10mm氣輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(短射尺寸改變)
............................... ........................112
圖4-54 8 mm及10mm氣輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(氣體壓力改變)
............................... ........................113
圖4-55 8 mm及10mm氣輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(保壓時間改變)
............................... ........................113
圖4-56 8 mm及10mm氣輔射出板件指影面積差值統計圖(氣體進入延遲時
間改變) ................................................114








表 目 錄
表3-1 PP (6331)物理性質表.. ..................................... 43
表3-2 液體輔助射出成型單一參數水準值表.......................... 52
表3-4 氣體輔助射出成型單一參數水準值表.......................... 54

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