參考文獻
中文部份
王月伶( 2005).健康概念分析.護理雜誌,52(1),40-43。王秀紅、王瑞霞、邱啟潤、李建廷(1992) ‧婦女健康促進行為及其相
關因素的探討‧公共衛生,9(3),251-266。
行政院衛生署(2008) ‧94年醫療機構及其他醫事機構概況‧
2009/07/13取自
http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?now_fod_li
st_no=10306&class_no=440&level_no=4
內政部(2006) ‧97年台灣老人狀況調查報告‧2009/07/31取自
http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/indices/list.xls
周月清、王增勇、林麗嬋 (2007) ‧老年婦女照顧負擔與社會支持之
研究─以智障者和精神障礙者老年女性照顧者為例‧內政部委託
研究報告。
劉景寬、戴志達、林瑞泰、賴秋蓮(2000) ‧臺灣失智症的流行病學‧應用心理研究, 7,157-169。
呂寶靜(2000) ‧人朋友網絡支持功能之初探‧社會政策與社會工作學刊,4(2),43-90。
吳惠鈴(2008) ‧尊嚴療法對護理之家老年住民自尊、憂鬱、靈性安適
與自覺健康狀況之成效‧未發表之碩士論文,桃園:長庚大學護
理研究所。
黃文玲(2004) ‧公費安療養機構老人憂鬱與睡眠品質之探討‧未發表
之碩士論文,桃園:長庚大學護理研究所。
許毅貞(1993)‧鹿港地區65-74歲社區老人態度、社會支持、健康
狀態與憂鬱程度之相關研究‧未發表之碩士論文‧台北:台灣師
範大學衛生教育研究所,。
張惠蓉、何玫樺、黃倩茹(2008) ‧線上社會支持類型探討:
神疾病版及整型美容版為例‧新聞學研究,94,61-105。
經濟部工業局 (2008) ‧台灣家戶網路應用調查‧台北:經濟部。
顧艷秋、劉文健(2005)‧安養機構老人生活品質及其影響因素‧榮總護理,22(4),389-397。
蔡秀欣、陳美戎、蔡芸芳(2001)•九二一地震災區某鄉村獨居老人
憂鬱症狀及其相關因素之探討•慈濟醫學,13(3),169-175。
蔡青青、劉雪娥(1996) ‧自尊的概念‧護理雜誌,43(1),90-94。熊曉芳(1999) ‧社區獨居老人健康狀況社會支持及相關因素探討‧未發表之碩士論文,台北:台灣大學護理研究所碩士論文。。
戴玉慈、羅美芳(1996)‧身體功能評估的概念及量表‧護理雜誌,43(2),63-68。
英文部分
Adachi, T., & Miyasaka, K. A. (1996). A case study of
interactive communication by videophone between parents
with handicapped children. Tohoku psychcological Folia,
55, 34-38.
Barrera, M. Jr. (1981). Social support in the adjustment of
pregnant adolescents: Assessment issue. In B. H.
Gottlieb (Ed.),Social network and social support (p.69-
96). London: Sage.
Barron, C. R., Foxall, M. J., Dollen, K. V., Jones, P. A.,
& Shull, K. A. (1994). Marital status, social support,
and loneliness in visually impaired elderly people.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(2), 272-280.
Barry, J. T., & Miller, D. B. (1980). The nursing home
visitor: who, when, where and for how long? Long-Term
Care and Health Services Administration, 4(4), 261-274.
Bass, D. M., McClendon, M. J., Brennan, P. F., & McCarthy,
C. (1998). The buffering effect of a computer support
network on caregiver strain. Journal of Aging Health, 10
(1), 20-43.
Bitzan, J. E., & Kruzich, J. M. (1990). Interpersonal
relationships of nursing home residents. Gerontologist,
30(3), 385-390.
Bondevik, M., & Skogstad, A. (1996). Loneliness among the
oldest old, a comparison between residents living in
nursing homes and residents living in the community.
International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 43
(3), 181-97.
Brodaty, H., Draper, B., Saab, D., Low, L. F., Richards,
V., Paton, H.,et al. (2001). Psychosis, depression and
behavioural disturbances in Sydney nursing home
residents: Prevalence and predictors. International
Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(5), 504-12.
Brooke, V. (1987). Adjust to living in a nursing home:
toward a nursing intervention. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
Brown, V. M., Allen, A. C., Dwozan, M., Mercer, I., &
Warren, K. (2004). Indoor gardening older adults:
Effects on socialization, activities of daily living,
and loneliness. Journal of Gerontolgy Nursing, 30(10),
34-42.
Chang, T. J., Tarn, Y. H., Hsieh, C. L., Liou, W. S., Shaw,
J. W., & Chiou, X. G. (2007). Taiwanese Version of the
EQ-5D: Validation in a representative sample of the
Taiwanese population. Journal of Formosa Medical
Association, 106(12), 1023-1031.
Carstensen, L. L., & Erickson, R. J. (1986). Enhancing the
social environments of elderly nursing home residents:
Are high rates of interaction enough? Journal of
Applied Behavior Analysis, 4(19), 349-355.
Chochinov, H. M. (2006). A two day workshop on supporting
patients nearing death handbook. The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University.
Chochinov, H. M. (2002). Dignity-conserving care-A new
model for palliative care. American Medical
Association, 287(17), 2253-2260.
Chochinov, H. M., Hack, T., Hassard, T., Kristjanson, L.
J., McClement, S., & Harlos, M. (2005). Dignity
therapy: A novel psychotherapeutic intervention for
patients near the end of life. Journal of Clinical
Oncology, 23(24), 5520-5525.
Chochinov, H. M., Hack, T., Hassard, T., Kristjanson, L.
J., McClement, S., & Harlos, M. (2002). Dignity in the
terminally ill: A cross-sectional, cohort study. The
Lancet, 360, 2026-2030.
Chochinov, H. M., Hack, T., Hassard, T., Kristjanson, L.
J., McClement, S., & Harlos, M. (2005). Understanding
the will to live in patients nearing death.
Psychosomatics, 46(1), 7-10.
Cody, M., Beck, C., & Svarstad, B. L. (2002). Challenges to
the use of nonpharmacologic interventions in nursing
homes. Psychiatric Services, 53(11), 1402-6.
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin,
112, 155–159.
Commerford, M. C., &Reznikoff, M. (1996). Relationship of
religion and perceived social support to self-esteem
and depression in nursing home residents. Journal of
Psychology, 130(1), 35-50.
Cukor, P., Baer, L., Willis, B. S., Leahy, L., O'Laughlen,
J., Murphy, M.,et al. (1998). Use of videophones and
low-cost standard telephone lines to provide a social
presence in telepsychiatry. Telemedicine Journal, 4(4),
313-321.
Dai, Y. T., & Dimond, M. F. (1998). Filial piety. A cross-
cultural comparison and its implications for the well-
being of older parents. Journal of Gerontology Nursing,
24(3), 13-18.
Dauz, E., Moore, J., Smith, C. E., Puno, F., & Schaag, H.
(2004). Installing computers in older adults' homes and
teaching them to access a patient education Web site: A
systematic approach. Computers, Informatics, Nursing,
22, 266-272.
Davis, L. L., & Burgio, L. D. (1999). Planning cognitive-
behavioral management programs for long-term care.
Issues Mental Health Nursing, 20(6), 587-601.
Demiris, G., Oliver, D. R., Hensel, B., Dickey, G., Rantz,
M., & Skubic, M. (2008). Use of videophones for distant
caregiving: An enriching experience for families and
residents in long-term care. Journal of Gerontological
Nursing, 34(7), 50-55.
Drageset, J. (1995). The importance of activities of daily
living and social contact for loneliness: A survey
among residents in nursing homes. Scandinavian Journal
of Caring Sciences, 18(1), 65-71.
Engle, V. F. (1985). Mental status and functional health 4
days following relocation to a nursing home. Research
in Nursing & Health, 8(4), 355-61.
Evans, B. C., & Crogan, N. L. (2001). Quality improvement
practices: Enhancing quality of life during mealtime.
Journal of Nurses Staff Development, 17(3), 131-6.
Ferrell, B. (2005). Dignity therapy: Advancing the science
of spiritual care in terminal illness. Journal of
Clinical Oncology, 23(24), 5427-5428.
Finn, K. E., Sellen, A. J., & Wibur, S. B. (1997). Video-
medicated communication. New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum.
Gaugler, J. E., Zarit, S. H., & Pearlin, L. I. (2003).
Family involvement following institutionalization:
Model nursing home visits over time. International
Journal of Aging & Human Development, 57(2), 91-117.
Gerety, M. B., Williams, J. W., Mulrow, C. D., Cornell, J.
E., Kadri, A. A., Rosenberg, J., et al. (1994).
Performance of case-finding tools for depression in the
nursing home: Influence of clinical and functional
characteristics and selection of optimal threshold
scores. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 42
(10), 1103-9.
Gietzelt, D. (2001). Computer and internet use among a
group of Sydney seniors: A pilot study. Australian
Academic & Research Libraries, 32(2), 137-152.
Gilberts, R. (1983). The evaluation of self-esteem. Family
& Community Health, 6(2), 29-49.
Gueldner, S. H., Loeb, S., Morris, D., Penrod, J.,
Bramlett, M., Johnston, L., & Schlotzhauer, P. (2001).
A comparison of life satisfaction and mood in nursing
home residents and community-dwelling elders. Archives
of Psychiatric Nursing, 15(5), 232-40.
Gueldner, S. H., Clayton, G. M., Schroeder, M. A., Butler,
S., & Ray, J. (1992). Environment interaction patterns
among institutionalized and non-institutionalized older
adults. Physical and Occupational of Therapy in
Geriatrics, 11(1), 37-53.
Haight, B. K., Michel, Y., & Hendrix, S. (1998). Life
review: Preventing despair in newly relocated nursing
home residents short- and long-term effects.
International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 47
(2), 119-142.
Hanson, E. J., Tetley, J., & Shewan, J. (2000). Supporting
family carers using interative multimedia. British
Journal of Nursing, 9(11), 713-719.
Hensel, B.K., Parker Oliver, D., & Demiris, G. (2007).
Videophone communication between residents and family:
A case study.Journal of the American Medical Directors
Association, 8(2), 123-127.
Hicks, T. J. J. (2000). What is your life like now?
Loneliness and elderly individuals residing in nursing
homes. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 26(8), 15-19.
Hilliard, R. E. (2004). A post-hoc analysis of music
therapy services for residents in nursing homes
receiving hospice care. Journal of Music Therapy, 41
(4), 266-81.
Hine, N., & Arnott, J. L. (2002). A multimedia social
interaction service for inclusive community living:
Initial user trials. University Access Information
Society, 2, 8-17.
Holroyd, E. (2001). Hong Kong Chinese daughters’
intergenerational caregiving obligations: A cultural
model approach. Social Science & Medicine, 53, 1125–
1134.
Huang, C. H. (1982). Studies in Chinese personality: A
critical review. Bulletin of Educational Psychology,
15, 227-242.
Hui, E., Woo, J., Hjelm, M., Zhang, Y. T., & Tsui, H. T.
(2001). Telemedicine: A pilot study in nursing home
residents. Gerontology, 47(2), 82-87.
Hwu, Y. J., Coates, V. E., & Boore, J. R. P. (2001). The
evolution of health concept in nursing research: 1988-
1999. Patient Education and Counseling, 42, 105-114.
Jadack, R. L., Hyde, M. G., & Keller, S. R. (1995). Self-
esteem: Paradoxes and innovation in clinical therapy
and practice. Washington D. C. American Psychological
Association.
Kellett, U.M. (1998). Meaning-making for family carers in
nursing homes. International Journal of Nursing
Practice, 4(2), 113-9.
King, I. M. (1990). Health as the goal for nursing. Nursing
Science Quarterly, 3(3), 123-128.
King, K. S., Dimond, M., & McCane, K. L. (1987). Coping
with relocation. Geriatric Nursing, 8(5), 258-261.
Koenig, H. G., Weiner, D. K., Peterson, B. L., Meador, K.
G., & Keefe, F. J. (1997). Religious coping in the
nursing home: a biopsychosocial model. International
Journal of Psychiatry Medicine, 27(4), 365-76
Krause, N., & Borawski-Clark, E. (1994). Clarifying the
functions of social support in later life. Research on
Aging, 16, 251-279.
Lai, K. L., Tzeng, R. J., Wang, B. L., Lee, H. S., Amidon,
R. L., & Kao S. (2005). Health-related quality of life
and health utility for the institutional elderly in
Taiwan. Quality of Life Research, 14(4), 1169-80.
Langford, C. P. H., Bowsher, J., Maloney, J. P., & Lillis,
P. P. (1997).Social support: A conceptual analysis.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(1), 95-100.
Lau, D.C.(1992). Confucius: The analects. Hong Kong:The
chinese university press.
Laughlin, A., Parsons, M., Kosloski, K. D., & Bergman-
Evans, B. (2007).Predictors of Mortality Following
Involuntary Interinstitutional Relocation. Journal of
Gerontological Nursing, 33(9), 20-26.
Lee, D. T., Woo, J., & Mackenzie, A. E. (2002). The
cultural context of adjusting to nursing home life:
Chinese elders’ perspectives. Gerontologist, 42(5),
667-675.
Lee, M., Crittenden, K., & Yu, E. (1996). Social support
and depression among elderly Korea immigrants in the
United States. International Journal of Geriatric
Psychiatry, 8(3), 231-237.
Li, I. C., & Yin, J. C. (2005). Care needs of residents in
community-based long-term care facilities in Taiwan.
Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14(6), 711-718.
Liang, K. Y., & Zeger S. L. (1986). Longitudinal data
analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika, 73
(1), 13-22.
Lin, L. C., Wang, T. G., Chen, M. Y., Wu, S. C., &
Portwood, M. J. (2005). Depressive symptoms in long-
term care residents in Taiwan. Journal of Advanced
Nursing, 51(1), 30-37.
Lin, P. C., Wang, H. H., & Huang, H.T. (2007). Depressive
symptoms among older residents at nursing homes in
Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(9), 1719-25.
Maas, M., Buckwalter, K., Swanson, E., Sprecht, J., Tripp-
Reimer, T., & Hardy, M. (1994). The caring partnership:
Staff and families of person institutionalized with
Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Alzheimer’s
Care and Related Disorders and Research, 22, 21-30.
Mahoney, F. I ., & Barthel, D. W. (1965). Functional
evaluation: The Barthel Index. Maryland State Medical
Journal, 14, 61-65.
Malcolm, M., Mann, W. C., Tomita, M. R. Fraas, L. F.,
Stanton, K. M., & Gitlin, L. (2001).Computer and
internet use in physically frail elders. Physical &
Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 19(3), 15-32.
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and Personality (2nd ed).
New York: Harper & Row.
Marquis, R., Freegard, H., & Hoogland, L. (2004).
Influences on positive family involvement in aged care:
An ethnographic view. Contemporary Nurse, 16(3), 178-186
Martin, J. C., Engle, V. F., & Graney, M. J. (1997). Health
status gender differences of newly admitted black
nursing home residents. Journal of the American
Geriatrics Society, 45(2), 166-173.
McCurren, C., Dowe, D., Rattle, D., & Looney, S. (1999).
Depression among nursing home elders: Testing an
intervention strategy. Applied Nursing Research, 12(4),
185-195.
Meleis, A. I. (1990). Being and becoming health: The core
of nursing knowledge. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3(3),
107-114.
Mikhail, M. L. (1992). Psychological responses to
relocation to a nursing home. Journal of Gerontological
Nursing, 18(3), 35-39.
Mynatt, E.D., Rowan, J., Craighill, S., & Jacobs, A.
(2001). Digital family portraits: Providing peace of
mind for extended family members. In proceedings of the
ACM Conference on human factors in computing systems
(CHI 2001). Seattle, Washington: ACM press.
Nakamura, K., Takano, T., & Akao, C. (1999). The
effectiveness of videophones in home healthcare for the
elderly. Medical Care, 37, 117-125.
Naleppa, M. J. (1996). Families and the institutionalized
elderly: A review. Journal of Gerontology Social Work,
27, 73-86.
Nay, R. (1995) Nursing home residents' perceptions of
relocation. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 4(5), 319-25.
Nelson, P. B. (1989). Ethnic di€erences in
intrinsic/extrinsic religious orientation and
depression in the elderly.Archives of Psychiatric
Nursing, 3, 199-204.
O’Connor, B. P., & Vallerand, R. J. (1994). Motivation,
self-dermination, and person-environment fit as
predictors of psychological adjustment among nursing
home residents. Psychology & Aging, 9(2), 189-194.
Pahkala, K., Kesti, E., Kongas-Saviaro, P., Laippala, P., &
Kivela, S. L. (1995). Prevalence of depression in an
aged population in Finland. Social Psychiatry &
Psychiatric Epidemiology, 30(3), 99-106.
Parmelee, P. A., Katz, I. R., & Lawton, M. P. (1992).
Incidence of depression in long-term care settings.
Journal of Gerontology, 47(6), 189-196.
Patterson, B. J. (1995). The process of social support:
Adjusting to life in a nursing home. Journal of
Advanced Nursing, 21(4), 682-689.
Phillips, C. J., & Henderson, A. S. (1991). The prevalence
of depression among Australian nursing home residents:
Results using draft ICD-10 and DSM-III- R criteria.
Psychological Medicine, 21(3), 739-748.
Polit, D. F., & Hungler, B. P. (1995).Nursing
Resaerch:Principle and method. Philadelphia: J. B.
Lippincott.
Port, C. L., Gruber-Baldini, A. L., Burton, L., Baumgarten,
M., Hebel, J. R., & Zimmerman, S. I., et al. (2001).
Resident contact with family and friends following
nursing home admission. Gerontologist, 41(5), 589-596.
Potts, M. K. (1997). Social support and depression among
older adults living alone: The importance of friends
within and outside of a retirement community. Social
Work, 42(4), 348-362.
Quattrochi-Tubin., & Jason, L. A. (1980). Enhancing social
interactions and activity among the elderly through
stimulus control. Journal of Applies Behavior Analysis,
13(1), 159-163.
Reynold, C. L. (1988). The measurement of health in nursing
research. Advanced in Nursing Science, 10(4), 23-31.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-
image. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ruigrok, J., & Sheridan, L. (2006). Life enrichment
programme; Enhanced dining experience, a pilot project.
International Journal of Health Care Qualility
Assurance Inc Leadersh Health Servey, 19(4-5), 420-9.
Russell, D. (1996). The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3):
Reliability,validity, and factor structure. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40.
Scocco, P., Rapattoni, M., & Fantoni, G. (2006). Nursing
home institutionalization of eustress or distress for
the elderly? International Journal of Geriatric
Psychiatry, 21(3), 281-287.
Scharer, K., Colon, E., Moneyham, L., Hussey, J., Tavakoli,
A. & Shugart, M. (2009). A comparison of two types of
social support for mothers of mentally ill children.
Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing, 22
(2), 86-98.
Segal, D. L. (2005) Relationships of assertiveness,
depression, and social support among older nursing home
residents. Behavior Modification, 29(4), 689-95.
Shanas, E. (1980). The health of elderly people: A social
survey NY: Arno Press.
Shapira, N., Barak, A., & Gal, I. (2007). Promoting older
adults' well-being through Internet training and use.
Aging and Mental Health, 11(5), 477-84.
Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The Social
Psychology of Telecommunications. London : John Wiley.
Smith, J. A. (1981). The idea of health: A philosophic
inquiry. Advanced in Nursing Science, 12, 93-100.
Spybrook, J., Raudenbush, S., Liu, X., Congdon, R., &
Martinez, A. (2008). Optimal Design for Longitudinal
and Multilevel Research: Documentation for
the “Optimal Design” Software. New York: William T.
Grant Foundation.Retrieved January 14, 2009, from
http://sitemaker.umich.edu/group-based/files/od-manual-
20080312-v176.pdf.
Stafford, C. (1995). The Roads of Chinese Childhood:
learning and identification in Angan.
Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Taiwan Association of Long-Term Care Professionals (2007).
The institution of long-term care in Taiwan. Available
at: http://www.ltcpa.org.tw/org/org.php (Accessed 18
June 2007).
Tilden, V. P., & Weinert, C. (1987). Social support and
chronically ill individual. Nursing Clinics of North
America, 22(3), 613-620.
Tripp-Reimer, T. (1984). Reconceptualizing the construct of
health: Integrating emic and etic perspectives.
Research in Nursing and Health, 7(2), 101-109.
Tsai, H. H., & Tsai, Y. F. (2008). A temporary home to
nurture health: Lived experiences of older nursing home
residents in Taiwan.Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17
(14), 1915-1922.
Tsai, H. H., Chen M. H., & Tsai, Y. F. (2008). Perception
of filial piety among Taiwanese University Students.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 63(3), 284-290.
Tsai, Y. F., Chung, J. W. Y., Wong, T. K. S., & Huang, C.
M. (2005). Comparison of the prevalence and risk
factors for depressive symptoms among elderly nursing
home residents in Taiwan and Hong Kong. International
Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(4), 315-321.
Tsai, Y. F., Tsai, H. H., Lai, Y. H., & Chu, T. L. (2004).
Pain prevalence,experiences and management strategies
among the elderly in Taiwanese nursing homes. Journal
of Pain and Symptom Management, 28(6), 579-584.
Tsai, Y. F., Wong, T. K. S., Tsai, H. H., & Ku, Y. C.
(2008). Self-worth therapy for depressive symptoms in
older nursing home residents. Journal of Advanced
Nursing, 74(5), 488-494.
Tsai, Y.F., Wong, K. S., Juang, Y. Y., & Tsai, H. H.
(2004). The effects of light therapy on depressed
elders. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry,
19(6), 545-548.
Tseng, S. Z., & Wang, R. H. (2001). Quality of life and
related factors among elderly nursing home residents in
Southern Taiwan. Public Health Nursing, 18(5), 304-11.
Tu, Y. C., Wang, R. H., & Yeh, S. H. (2006). Relationship
between perceived empowerment care and quality of life
among elderly residents within nursing homes in Taiwan:
a questionnaire survey. International Journal of
Nursing Studies, 43(6), 673-80.
Wang, J. J. (2004). The comparative effectiveness among
institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly
people in Taiwan of reminiscence therapy as a
psychological measure. Journal of Nursing Research, 12
(3), 237-45.
Walther, J. B., & Park, M. R. (2002). Cues filtered out,
cues filtered in: Computer-mediated communication and
relationships. In M. L. Knapp & G.. R. Miller (Eds.),
Handbook of interpersonal communication (2nd ed., 529-
563). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ware, J. E. (2001). The SF-36® Health Survey; Scaling
assumptions and scoring.
http://www.sf36.com/tools/sf36.shtml#scaling.
White, H., McConnell, E., Clipp, E., Branch, L.G., Sloane,
R., Pieper, C., et al. (2002). A randomized controlled
trial of the psychosocial impact of providing internet
training and access to older adults. Aging Ment Health,
6(3), 213-21
Wickus, M., & Luz, C. (2002). Televisits: sustaining long
distance family relationships among institutional
elders through technology. Aging Mental Health, 6(4),
387-396.
William, K., Kemper, S., & Lee, M. H. (2003). Improving
nursing home communication: An intervention to reduce
elderspeak. The Gerontologist, 43(2), 242-247.
Wilson, K. G., Graham, I. D., Viola, R. A., Chater, S., de
Faye, B. J., Weaver, L. A., & Lachance, J. A. (2004).
Structured interview assessment of symptoms and
concerns in palliative care. Canadian Journal of
Psychiatry, 49(6), 350-8.
Wilson, S. A. (1997). The transition to nursing home life:
A comparison of planned and unplanned admissions.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(5), 864–71.
Windriver, W. (1993) Social isolation: unit-based
activities for impaired elders. Journal of Gerontology
Nursing, 19(3), 15-21.
Yeh, T. L., Liao, I. C., Yang, Y. K., Ko, H. C., Chang, C.
J., & Lu, F. H. (1995). Geriatric depression scale
(Taiwanese and Mandarin Translations). Clinical
Gerontologist, 15(3), 58-60.
Yeh, S. H., Lin, L. W., & Lo, S. K. (2003) A longitudinal
evaluation of nursing home care quality in Taiwan.
Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 18(3), 209-16.
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang,
V., Adey, M., et al. (1983). Development and validation
of a geriatric depression screening scale: A
preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17
(1), 37-49.