參考資料
王曼溪(2000).如何製作好讀易懂的書面資料.台灣醫學,4(3),334-337。
王保進(2004).視窗版SPSS與行為科學研究.台北:心理。
王淑蓉(1996).骨科病患主訴疼痛及使用止痛針顧慮之探討.未發表的碩士論文,私立慈濟大學護理學研究所,花蓮市。王湘玲(2006).重症護理人員對疼痛知識態度與障礙因素之探討.未發表的碩士論文,私立長庚大學護理學研究所,桃園縣。台中榮民總醫院麻醉科(2006).術後止痛.2007年4月6日,取自http://dotweb.vghtc.gov.tw/onweb.jsp?webno=3333333045
何菊修、陳宗鷹(2005).急性術後疼痛.慈濟醫學雜誌,17(supple 6),43-50。
李英春(2004).疼痛管理對病人手術後疼痛控制之成效--以某醫學中心全膝關節置換術病人為例.未發表的碩士論文,私立高雄醫學大學公共衛生研究所,高雄市。李梅琛、賴裕和、陳美伶、劉淑娟(2001).病人疼痛特質與疼痛信念對手術後使用止痛藥的影響.護理雜誌,48(2),49-57。阮玉梅、胡月娟(2007).醫療保健體系與護理人員的角色功能.於蘇麗智、阮玉梅、胡月娟、林明珍、李引玉、羅筱芬等編著,最新護理學導論(五版,189-190頁).台北:華杏。
林笑、蔡美月(1995).影響手術後病患首次下床的因素初探.榮總護理,12(1),71-77。林碧珠、林瓊珠、姚吟蓮(2001).脊椎手術後疼痛控制-必要時每四小時靜脈低注 Demerol 之效果探討.護理雜誌,48(2),49-58。林麗英(2002).術前疼痛護理對腹部手術個案術前焦慮、認知與術後疼痛之成效.未發表的碩士論文,私立高雄醫學大學護理學研究所,高雄市。林麗君(2001).手術病患疼痛處置品質之探討.未發表的碩士論文,私立長庚大學護理學研究所,桃園縣。林麗君(2006).外科病房護理人員的急性疼痛知識與態度之探討.光田醫學雜誌,1(1),31-38。林麗君、陳美伶、林佳靜、蔡培葵、陳秀娟(2006).手術病患疼痛
處置品質之探討.長庚護理,17(1),1-10。
林瓊珠、姚吟蓮、廖素滿、莊淑娟、林金燕、林碧珠(2002).探討不同給藥方式對脊椎手術病患疼痛控制的成效.榮總護理,19(1),21-33。侯重光(2005).急診室的疼痛處置.臨床醫學,56(3),212-219。胡益進、姚振華、姜逸群、黃松元、葉國樑、林珠莉等人.(2007).學校口腔健康促進推廣模式探討研究成果.未出版.(研究計畫編號:DOH96-HP-1303).台北市:國民健康局。
施素梅(2004).評估麻醉前衛教對全身麻醉脊椎手術患者之成效探討.未發表的碩士論文,私立臺北醫學大學護理學研究所,台北市。徐秀琹(2004).紀錄.於曹麗英等人編著,新編基本護理學(初版,93-126頁).台北:新文京。
黃庭紅(2004).兒科護理人員對兒童癌症疼痛處置之認知及學習需求.未發表的碩士論文,國立臺灣大學護理學研究所,台北市。陳淑如、林佳靜、鄭綺、何善台(1998).探討手術後病人對疼痛護理及疼痛控制的滿意度及其影響因素.護理雜誌,6(6),475-488。
崔子軒(2005).探討不同止痛方式對病患手術後疼痛控制之成效- 以南部某一區域醫院為例.未發表的碩士論文,國立中山大學醫務管理研究所,高雄市。隋善中(2003).手術後疼痛影響因素及疼痛管理之探討---以某醫學中心為例.未發表的碩士論文,國立臺灣大學醫療機構管理研究所,台北市。張靜瑛(2002).在職教育對護理人員的癌症疼痛評估觀念及技巧之改變.未發表的碩士論文,私立義守大學管理科學研究所,高雄。郭素娥(2007).從病人安全權利探討手術前之「告知後同意」執行成效.未發表的碩士論文,私立東海大學工業工程與資訊學系研究所,台中市。詹秀妹、吳麗玲(2003).病患急性疼痛定義性特徵與 Demerol 使用相關性探討.新臺北護理期刊,5(1),15-23。詹廖明義(無日期).疼痛治療與護理.2007年4月6日,取自台灣疼痛治療資訊網http://www.pain-manage.org.tw/city/city16.files/frame.htm
鄒貴峰、鄒美勇(2004).病患自控式止痛 ( PCA ) .臨床醫學,53(3),197-200。賴裕和(2000).病人對癌痛及麻醉性止痛藥之信念探討-量表發展與現況.護理研究,8(5),557-567。蔡鳳琴(2004).急診護理人員對疼痛處置的知識及態度障礙因素之探討.未發表的碩士論文,私立長庚大學護理學研究所,桃園縣。蔡佩珊(2004).病患自控式止痛. 2007年4月6日,取自新竹馬偕紀念醫院麻醉科
http://www.hc.mmh.org.tw/Knowledge/Knowledge_Detail.asp?Csdp=7581&Writing_No=20&Page_No=001
鄭玉華(2005).手術前疼痛衛教對改善脊椎術後病人疼痛經驗之成效探討.未發表的碩士論文,私立臺北醫學大學護理學研究所,台北市。顧淑芳(2005).探討鬆弛訓練對外科加護病房術後病患急性疼痛及焦慮緩解之成效.未發表的碩士論文,私立輔仁大學護理學系碩士班,台北縣。盧奕丞(2004).病人自控式疼痛控制--手術後的止痛良方.高醫醫訊,24(7),25。
盧孳豔(1996).護理之國際共通語言-ICNP.護理新象,62(2),313-319。
顏慧芳、邱麗文(2005)重症醫護人員的疼痛處理知識與態度及其相關因素.實證護理,1(4),294-301。蘇輕感、鍾玉珠、曾秋蘭、汪志雄(2006).手術後患者使用病患自控式止痛之認知、止痛成效滿意度及影響因素.台灣醫學,10(5),557-565。
謝麗鳳、林佳靜、賴裕和、鄒宗山(1998).家屬對止痛劑的擔心與癌症病人疼痛控制的相關性.護理研究,6(4),327-336。潭名媛(2006).足部按摩對腰椎手術後患者之成效探討.未發表的碩士論文,國立台北護理學院護理學研究所,台北市。
Acute pain mamagement : Operative or medical procedures and trauma (1992). AHCPR Publication No. 92-0032. Retrieved March 2 2007, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hstat6.chapter.89911
AHCPR archived clinical practice guidelines - process of pain assessment and reassessment (1992). Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hstat6.section.9137
American Association Society Quality of Care Committee (1995). Quality improvement guidelines for the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain. Journal of American Medical Association, 274(23),
, 1874-1880.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy : The exercise of control. New York :
W. H. : Freeman.
Bardiau, F. M. , Taviaux, N. F. , Albert, A. , Boogaerts, J. G., & Stadler, M. S. (2003). An intervention study to enhance postoperative pain management. Anesthesia Analgesia , 96(1), 179-185.
Bonnet, F., & Marret, E. (2007). Postoperative pain management and outcome after surgery. Best Practice & Clinical Anaesthesiology,
21(1),99-107.
Brown, S. T., Browman, J. M., & Eason, F. R. (1999). Assessment of Nurses’ attitudes and knowledge regarding pain management. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 30(3), 132-139.
Canadian Pain Society (2007). ‘ Pain Relief-A Basic Human Right’ Retrieved May 2, 2007, from http ://www.candianpainsociety.ca/call-for-abstracts.pdf
Cashman, J. N. & Dolin, S. J. (2004). Respiratory and haemodynamic effects of acute postoperative pain management : Evidence from published data. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 93(2), 212-223.
Cepeda, M. S. & Carr, D. B. (2003). Women experience more pain and morphine than men to achieve a similar degree of analgesia. Anesthesia Analogy, 97, 1464-1648.
Charman, R. A. (1989). Pain Theory and Physiotherapy. Physiotherapy,
75(5), 246 - 254.
Chelly, J. E., Ben-David, B., Williams, B. A., & Kentor, M. L. (2003). Aneathesia and Postoperative Analgesia : Outcomes Following Orthopedic Surgery. Orthopedic, 26 (8 supple), s865-s871.
Chia, Y. Y., Chow, L. H., Hung, C. C., Liu, K., Ger, L. P., & Wang, P. N. (2002). Gender and pain upon movement are associated with the requirements for postoperative patient-controlled iv analgesia : A prospective survey of 2298 Chinese patients. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 49(3), 249-255.
Cohen, M. Z., Easley, M. K., Ellis, C., Hughes, B., Ownby, K., Rashad, B. G., Rude, M., Taft, E., & Westbrooks, J. B. (2003). Cancer pain management and the JCAHO’s pain standards: An institutional challenge. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 25(6), 519-527.
Comley, A. L., & DeMeyer, E. (2001). Assessing patient satisfaction with pain management through a continuous quality improvement effort. Journal of Pain Symptom Managemen, 21(1), 27-40.
Conn, D. A. (2005). Assessment of acute and chronic pain. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 6(1), 14-5.
Conger, J. A. & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process : Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471-482.
Conger, J. A. (1989). Leadership: The art of empowering to others. The Academy of Management Executive, 3(1), 17-24.
De Rond, E. J. M., de Wit, R., van Dam, F. S. A. M., & Muller, M. J. (2000). A pain monitoring program for nurse : Effects on communication,assessment and documentation of patients’ pain. Journal of Pain Symptom Management , 20(6), 424-439.
De Rond, M., de Wit, R., & van Dam, F. (2000). The implementation of a pain monitoring programme for nurses in daily clinical practice : Results of a follow-up study in five hospitals. The Journal of Advanced Nursing, 35(4), 590-598.
Dihle, A., Bjolseth, G., & Helseth, S. (2006). The gap between saying and doing in postoperative pain management. Journal of Clinic Nursing, 15(4), 469-479.
Devine, E. C. (1992). Effects of psychoeducational care for adult surgical patient – a metaanalysis of 191 studies. Patient Education & Counseling, 19(2), 129-142.
Emanuel, E. J., & Emanuel, L. L. (1992). Four model of the physician-
patient relationship. Journal of American Meicine Association, 267
(16), 2221-2226.
Ene, K. W., Nordberg, G., Bergh, I., Johansson, F. G., & Sjostrom, B. (2008). Postoperative pain management-the influence of surgical wards nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17 (15), 2042-2051.
Erkes, E. B., Parker, V. G., Carr, R. L., & Mayo, R. M. (2001). An examination of critical care nurses’ knoeledge and attitudes regarding pain management in hospitalized patients. Pain Management Nursing
, 2(2), 47-53.
Field, L. (1996). Are nurses still underestimating patients’ pain postoperatively? British Journal of Nursing, 5, 778-784.
Francke, A., Garssen,B., Abu-Sadd,H., & Grypdonck, M. (1996). Qualitative needs assessment prior to a continuing education program. Journal of Continuting Education in Nursing, 27, 34-41.
Gavin, M., Litt, M., Khan, A., Onyiuke, H., & Kozol, R. (2006).
A prospective, randomized trial of cognitive intervention for postoperative pain. The Americian Surgeon, 72(5), 414-418.
Ger, L. P., Chang, C. Y., Ho, S. T., Lee, M. C., Chiang, H. H., Chao, C. S., et al. (2004). Effect of a continuing education program on Nurses’ practices of cancer pain assessment and their acceptance of patients’ pain reports. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 27(1), 61-71.
Gibson, C. H. (1991). A concept analysis of empowerment. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 345-361.
Gordon, D. B., Dahl, J. L., Miaskowski, C., McCarberg, B., Todd, K. H., Judith, A., et al. (2005). Americian Pain Society recommendations for improving the quality of acute and cancer pain management. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165, 1574-1580.
Gunningberg, L., & Idvall, E. (2007). The quality of postoperative pain management from the perspectives of patients, nurses and patient records. Journal of Nursing Management, 15, 756-766.
Hansson, E. , Fridlund, B., & Hallstrom, I. (2006). Effects of quality improvement program in acute care evaluated by patient, nurse, and physicans. Pain Management Nursing, 17(3), 93-108.
Harper, P., Ersser, S., & Gobbi, M. (2007). How military nurse rationalize their postoperative pain assement decisions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 59(6), 601-611.
He, H. G., Pölkki, T, & Pietilä, A. M. (2005). A survey of Chinese nursres’ guidance to parents in children’s postoperative pain relief. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14, 1075-1082.
Hicks, C. L., Baeyer, C. L., Spafford, P. A., Korlaar, I. V. & Goodenough, B. (2001). The Faces Pain Scale revised : Toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement. Pain, 93(2), 173-183.
Hollinworth, H. (1994). No gains? Nursing Times, 90(1), 24-27.
Idvall, E., & Ehrenberg, A. (2002). Nursing documentation of postoperative pain management. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11
(6), 734-742.
Innis, J., Biraunieks, N., Petrysben, P., Zellermeyer, V. ,& Ciccarelli, L. (2004). Patient satisfaction and pain management : An educational approach. Care Quality , 19(4), 322-327.
International Association for the Study of Pain (1986). Pain terms : A current list with definition and note on usage. Pain, 25(suppl.3)
, S217.
International Association for the Study of Pain, IASP. (2004). Pain relief as a human right. Retrieved April 25, 2007, from http://www.iasp-pain.org/AM/Termplate.cfm?Section=Home§ion=Pain_ clinical.
International Association for the Study of Pain (2003). IASP Pain terminology. Retrieved April 25,2007, from http://www.iasp-pain.org/terms-p.html.
Kalkman, C. J., Visser, K., Moen, J., Bonsel, D. E., & Moons, K. G. M.
(2003). Preoperative prediction of severe postoperation pain. Pain, 105, 415-423.
Kehlet, H., Jenaen, T. S., & Woolf, C. J. (2006). Persistent postsurgical pain :Risk factors and prevention. The Lancet, 367, 1618-1625.
Kim, S. (1980). Pain : Theory, research and nursing practices. Advances in Nursing Science, 2(2), 43-59.
Kinna, S. ,& Bass, S. (2003). Postoperative analgesia. Surgery (Oxford)
, 21(1), 21-24.
Kruis, M. R., van der Vegt, M. H.,Voorham, K., & Wegener, J. H. (2006). Pain education program for nurses improves the knowledge and attitude towards postoperative pain management. European Journal of Pain, 10(suppl S1), S236.
Lin, C. C., & Ward, S. E. (1995). Patient-related barriers to cancer pain management in Taiwan. Cancer Nursing, 18, 16-22.
Lin, P. C. (2000). Barriers to the analgesic management of cancer pain : A comparision of attutides of Taiwanese patients and their family caregivers. Pain, 88, 7-14.
Lin, P. C., Chiang, H. W., Chiang, T. T., & Chen, C. S. (2008). Pain management : Evaluating the effectiveness of an educational programme for surdical nursing staff. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(15), 2032-2041.
Loncaric-Katusin, M., Persoli-Gudeli, M. ,Simic-Korac, N. , Zunic, J.,
& Korac, Z. (2006). Acute postoperative pain therapy : Current
state-patient experience. Acta Clinic Croatic, 45(1), 15-19.
Lui, L. Y. Y., So, W. K. W., & Fong, D. Y. T. (2008). Knowledge and attitudes regarding pain pain management among nurses in Hong Kong medical units. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(15), 2014-2021.
McCaffery, M., & Beebe, A. (1989). Pain : Clinic manual for nursing
Practice. St. Louis : C. V. Mosby.
MaCaffery, M. (2001). Controlling pain overcoming barriers to pain
management. Nursing, 31(4), 18.
MaCaffery, M., & Robinson, E. S. (2002). Pain here’s how you respond?Nursing, 32(10), 37-45.
McDond, D. D., McNulty, J., Erikson, K., & Weiskopf, C. (2000). Communicating pain and pain management needs after surgery. Applied Nursing Research, 13(2), 70-75.
McNeill, J. A., Sherwood, G. D., Starck, P. L., & Thompson, C. J. (1998). Assessing clinical outcomes : Patient satisfaction with pain management. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 16 (1), 29-40.
Manias, E. (2003). Medication trends and documentation of pain management following surgery. Nursing and Health Science, 5
,85-94.
Manias, E., Botti, M., & Bucknall, T. (2002). Observation of pain assessment and management-the complexities of clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11 (6), 724–733.
Manias, E., Botti, M., & Bucknall, T. (2006). Patients’ decision making
straties for management postoperative pain. The Journal of Pain, 7(6), 428-437.
Manias, E., Bucknall, T., & Botti, M. (2004). Assessment of patient in the postoperative context. Western Journal of Nursing Research
, 26(7), 751-769.
Manias, E., Bucknall, T., &Botti, M. (2005). Nurses’ strategies for
managing pain in the postoperative setting. Pain Management Nursing, 6(1), 18-29.
Matthews, E. & Malcolm, C. (2007). Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes in pain management practice. British Journal of Nursing, 16(3)
, 174-179.
Mertin, S., Sawatzky, J. V., Diehl-Jones, W. L., & Lee, T. W. R. (2007).
Roadblock to recovery : The surgical stress response. Spring,
18(1), 14-21.
Millen, S., & Sheikh, C. (2003). Anesthesia and surgical pain
relief-managing post-operative pain. Hospital Pharmacist,10
, 442-450.
Molony, S. L. , Kobayashi, M., Holleran, E. A., & Mezey, M. (2005).
Assessing Pain as Fifth Vital Sign in long-term care factilities :
Recommendations from the field. Journal of Gerontological
Nursing, 31(3), 16-24.
Myles, P. S., & Power, I. (2007). Clinical update : Postoperative analgesia. The Lancet, 369, 810-812.
Naser, E., Sinwan, S., & Bee, W. H. (2005). Nurses’ knowledge On pain
management. Singpore Nursing Journal, 32(2), 29-36.
Patiraki-Kourbani, E., Tafas, C. A., McDonald, D. D., Papathanassoglou,
E. D., Katsaragakis, S., & Lemonidou, C. Personal and professional pain experiences and pain management knowledge among Greek nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 41(4), 345-54.
Pasero, C. & McCaffery, M. (2007). Orthopaedic postoperative pain
management. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 22(3), 160-174.
Phillips, D. (2000). JACHO pain management standards are unveiled.
Journal of American Medicine Association , 284, 428-429.
Premkumar, J. (2006). Pain as the Fifth Vital Sign. Nursing Journal of India, 97(10), 225-227.
Power, I. (2005). Recent advances in postoperative pain therapy. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 95(1), 43-51.
Rejeh, N., Mohammadi, E., Anooshen, M., & Kazemnejad, A. (2008). Barriers to, and facilitators of post-operative pain management in Iranian nursing: a qualitative research study. International Nursing Review, 55(4), 468-75.
Roth, W., Kling, J., Gockel, I., Rűmelin, A., Hessmann, M. H., Meurer, A., et al. (2005). Dissatisfaction with post-operative pain management : A prospectine analysis of 1071 patients. Acute Pain, 7, 75-85.
Rosseland, L. A., & Stubhaug, A. (2004). Gender is a factor in pain trials : Women report more pain than men after arthroscopic surgery. Pain, 112, 248-253.
Simpson, K., Kautzman, L., & Dodd, S. (2002). The effects of a pain management education program on the knowledge level and attitudes of clinical staff. Pain Management Nursing, 33(3), 87-93.
Shang, A. B., & Gan, T. J. (2003). Optimising postoperative pain
management in the ambulatory patient. Drugs ,63(9), 855-67.
Shen, Q., Sherwood, G. D., McNeill, J. A., & Li, Z. (2008). Postoperarive
pain management outcome in Chinese Inpatients. Westen Journal of Nursing Research, 30(8), 975-900.
Schafheutle, E., Cantril, J., & Noyce, P. (2001). Why is pain management
suboptimal on surgical ward? The Journal of Advanced Nursing ,
33(6), 728-737.
Stomberg, M. W.; Wickstrom, K., Joelsson, H., Sjostrom, B. & Haljamae, H. (2003). Postoperative pain management on surgical wards - do quality assurance strategies result in long-term effects on staff member attitudes and clinical outcomes? Pain management nursing, 4(1), 11-22.
Svensson, I., Sjostrom, B., & Haljamae, H. (2001). Influence of expectations and actual pain experiences on satisfaction with postoperative pain management. European Journal of Pain
, 5, 125-135.
Terry, R. A. (2000). Pain Assessment:The Fifth Vital Sign. Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.rn.ca.gov/practice/pdf/npr-b-27.pdf
Tse, M. M. Y., & Chan, B. S. H. (2004). Knowledge and attitudes in pain management: Hong Kong nurses’perspective. Journal Palliative Care Pharmacother, 18(1), 47-58.
Tzeng, J. I., Chou, L. F., & Li. C. C. (2006). Concerns about reporting pain and pain analgesics among Taiwanese postoperative patients. Journa of Pain, 7(11), 860-866.
Uchiyama, K., Kawai, M., Tani, M.; Ueno, M.; Hama, T., & Yamaue, H. (2006). Gender differences in postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgical Endoscopy, 20(3), 448-451.
Van Niekerk, L. M.,& Martin, F. (2001). Tasmanian nurses’ knowledge of pain management. International Journal of Nursing Studies
, 38 ,141-152.
Watts, G. (2004). Global Year Against Pain. Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.iasp-pain.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=2004_2005_Right_to_Pain_Relief1&Template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=2847
Williamson, A., & Hoggart, B. (2005). Pain : A review of three commonly use Pain Rating Scales. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14, 798-804.
Wu, C. L., & Fleisher, L. A. (2000). Outcomes research in regional anesthesia and analgesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 91, 1232-1242.
World Health Organization (2007). WHO’s pain ladder. Retrieved March 2, 2007, From http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/painladder/en/
Zalon, M. L. (1997). Pain in frail, elderly women after surgery. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 29(1), 21-6.
Zhang, C. H., Zou, B. R., Li, J. F., & Huang, J. (2008). Effedt of pain program on nurse’ pain knowledge, attitudes and pain assessment practices in China. Journal of pain sysptom management, 36(6), 616-627.