中文部分：
中華人民共和國衛生部(2008)。2008年我国卫生事业发展统计公报。2009
年06月18日取自
http://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles
/http://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moh wsbwstjxxzx/s8208/200904/40250.htm。
王瑞蓮、蕭寧馨(2003)。台灣營養調查 NAHSIT I 1993~1996之飲食多樣性
與其對營養充足程度的影響。臺灣營養學會雜誌，28(2)，52-64。
史麗珠(2005)。進階應用生物統計學。台北市：學富。
行政院衛生署(2006)。95年全民健康保險醫療統計年報。2009年06月18日
取自
http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?
now_fod_list_no=10060&class_no=440&level_no=2。
行政院衛生署(2007)。96年全民健康保險醫療統計年報。2009年06月18日
取自http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?
now_fod_list_no=10348&class_no=440&level_no=2。
行政院衛生署(2008)。中華民國公共衛生年報(97年版)。台北市：行政院衛
生署。
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2002)。台灣地區高血壓、高血糖、高血脂盛行率
調查期末報告。2009年06月18日取自
http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/health91/study-2.htm。
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2003)。台灣地區九十一年國民健康促進知識、態
度與行為調查（縣市別男、女重要健康知識、態度與行為指標）（第1
卷）。台北市：行政院衛生署國民健康局。
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2008)。國民健康局年報(2007)。台北市：行政院
衛生署國民健康局。
吳德敏、申慕韓、楊士賢、王淑娟、孫建安、楊燦等(2005)。
年輕肥胖男性心血管疾病危險因子聚集現象：以健康檢查族群為例。中
華職業醫學雜誌，12(4)，215-227。
李佳諭、葉莉莉、陳炯睿、林佩宜、薛尊仁、王文玲(2008)。慢性阻塞性肺
疾患者自我管理行為之探討。護理雜誌，55(5)，45-55。
杜明勳(1999)。衛生教育對於榮民之家高血壓老人自我照顧行為與血壓控制之影響。中華公共衛生雜誌，18(1)，54-65。
林昭宏、柴惠敏、廖龍仁、黃昭郎、陳美汀、廖小瑤(2003)。社區居民腦中
風患者日常生活活動和生活品質的調查研究。物理治療，28(5)，243-
250。
林敏玲、邱艷芬(2001)。花蓮地區心臟衰竭病患對疾病認知、態度及自我照
顧行為相關性之探討。慈濟醫學雜誌，13(1)，57-64。
林錦龍、鍾嫈嫈、陳仁祐、張育驍、蔡悅琪、黃麗卿(2005)。台北市某一國
宅居民高血壓之察覺率及控制情況。中華職業醫學雜誌，12(3)，177-
185。
林獻鋒、張靖梅、賴世偉、劉秋松、林璨(2006)。健檢民眾高血壓盛行率之
描述性分析－以台中市一醫學中心爲例。臺灣家庭醫學雜誌，4(3)，
129-139。
周騰達、陳朝棟、郭崇志、林珊依、鄒慧英、劉怡琴等(2002)。鳥松鄉成年
人健康行為調查及其影響因素探討。臺灣家庭醫學雜誌，12(4)，179-
189。
邱艷芬、于博芮、陳幸眉(2002)。高血壓病患進行中度運動之短期與長期效應。台灣醫學，6(1)，17-24。
胡文郁、戴玉慈、于博芮、余玉眉、曾春典(1999)。老年高血壓患者服藥遵
從行為及其影響因素之研究。慈濟醫學雜誌，11(3)，227-235。
胡雪萍、陳怡君、李美瑩、張弘奇(2001)。台北縣高血壓患者及民眾營養認
知及行為態度的探討。中華民國營養學會雜誌，26(1)，51-60。
高瓊芳、江慧玲、史麗珠、劉祥仁(2008)。門診腦中風患者之生活品質及其
相關因素探討。實證護理，4(2)，127-137。
國家衛生研究院(2003)。2001年「國民健康訪問調查」結果報告：No.1台灣
地區（初版）。台北市：國家衛生研究院。
陳儀敏、胡國琦、陳建鵬、陳建森、廖正宗、陳冠文(2008)。急診之初始血
糖值是梗塞性中風後病人功能之預後因子。臺灣復健醫學雜誌，36(2)，
89-95。
張水秀、吳方禎(2003)。成人體重控制班之成效評估。臺灣營養學會雜誌，
28(3)，83-91。
張英明、陳品玲、胡朝榮、游家銘、吳柏瑞、陳俊亨(2005)。某區域醫院急
性缺血性腦中風之醫療成本。北市醫學雜誌，2(3)，286-292。
張寓智、劉祥仁、陳俊榮、胡漢華、葉炳強、邱德發(2008)。急性缺血性腦
中風之一般處理原則指引。Acta Neurologica Taiwanica，17(4)，
275-295。
傅進華、曹汶龍(2003)。東台灣急性腦中風病患就醫時效性分析。慈濟醫學雜誌，15(4)，241-246。
黃志芳、黃偉城、陳朝棟、邱正宇、周騰達(2005)。南部某醫學中心全民健
保成人預防健康檢查結果分析。臺灣家庭醫學雜誌，15(3)，147-158。
黃惠滿、蕭美玉、陳幼梅、阮慧沁、蘇貞瑛(2001)。腦中風病患接受認知教
育對其身體、心理、社會狀態影響之探討。公共衛生，28(2)，161-
174。
曾美君、張谷州(2004)。國人腦血管疾病、流行病學與醫療資源之使用。台灣醫界，47(6)，34-36。
詹錦宏、洪志華(2008)。醫療電子產業發展模式之研究－數位血壓計之案例。臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌，4(2)，34-36。
廖建彰、李采娟、林瑞雄、宋鴻樟(2006)。2000年台灣腦中風發生率與盛行
率的城鄉差異。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，25(3)，223-230。
劉栩含、梁佩蓉、王錦滿、林佩欣(2009)。影響台灣中風病患三個月生活品
質預後的相關因子。物理治療，34(1)，53-64。
劉慧俐、李素華(2004)。衛生所糖尿病、高血壓疾病管理模式成果評價。健康促進暨衛生教育雜誌，24，53-78。
英文部分：
Akita, S., Sacks, F. M., Svetkey, L. P., Conlin, P. R.,
Genjiro, K., & DASH-Sodium Trial Collaborative Research
Group. (2003). Effects of the Dietary Approaches to
Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet on the Pressure-
Natriuresis Relationship. Hypertension, 42(1), 8-13.
Andersen, K. K., Olsen, T. S., Dehlendorff, C., &
Kammersgaard, L. P. (2009). Hemorrhagic and ischemic
strokes compared: stroke severity, mortality, and risk
factors. Stroke, 40(6), 2068-2072.
Asayama, K., Ohkubo, T., Kikuya, M., Metoki, H., Obara, T.,
Hoshi, H., et al. (2005). Use of 2003 European Society
of Hypertension European Society of Cardiology
guidelines for predicting stroke using self-measured
blood pressure at home: the Ohasama study. European
Heart Journal, 26(19), 2026-2031.
Ashaye, M. O., & Giles, W. H. (2003). For the patient. High
blood pressure: the silent killer. Ethnicity & disease,
13(4), 546-547.
Ashfaq, T., Anjum, Q., Siddiqui, H., Shaikh, S., & Vohra,
E. Ahmed. (2007). Awareness of Hypertension among
patients attending Primary Health Care Centre and
Outpatient Department of tertiary care hospital of
Karachi. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 57
(8), 396-399.
Bazzano, L. A., Gu, D., Reynolds, K., Wu, X., Chen, C. S.,
Duan, X., et al. (2007). Alcohol consumption and risk
for stroke among Chinese men. Annals of neurology, 62
(6), 569-578.
Benowitz, N. L., Hansson, A., & Jacob, P. III. (2002).
Cardiovascular effects of nasal and transdermal
nicotine and cigarette smoking. Hypertension, 39(6),
1107-1112.
Carter-Edwards, L., Jackson, S. A., Runaldue, M. J., &
Svetkey, L. P. (2002). Diet- and blood pressure-related
knowledge, attitudes, and hypertension prevalence among
African Americans: the KDBP Study. Knowledge of Diet
and Blood Pressure. Ethnicity & disease, 12(1), 72-82.
Ceccanti, M., Sasso, G. F., Nocente, R., Balducci, G.,
Prastaro, A., Ticchi, C., et al. (2006). Hypertension
in early alcohol withdrawal in chronic alcoholics.
Alcohol and Alcoholism, 41(1), 5-10.
Chang, C. H., Chnag, Y. J., Lee, T. H., Hsu, K. C., & Ryu,
S. J. (2006). Risk Factors of Carotid Stenosis in First-
Ever Ischemic Stroke in Taiwan: A Hospital-based Study.
Acta Neurologica Taiwanica, 15(4), 237-243.
Chien, K. L., Sung, F. C., Hsu, H. C., Su, T. C., Lin, R.
S., & Lee, Y. T. (2002). Apolipoprotein A-I and B and
Stroke Events in a Community-Based Cohort inTaiwan:
Report of the Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Study.
Stroke, 33(1), 39-44.
Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W.
C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., et al. (2003). The
Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on
Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of
High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA, 289(19),
2560-2572.
Choi, K. M., Park, H. S., Han, J. H., Lee, J. S., Lee, J.,
Ryu, O. H., et al. (2006). Prevalence of
prehypertension and hypertension in a Korean
population: Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey
2001. Journal of Hypertension, 24(8), 1515-1521.
Choi, J. C., Lee, J. S., Kang, S. Y., Kang, J. H., & Bae,
J. M. (2009). Family history and risk for ischemic
stroke: sibling history is more strongly correlated
with the disease than parental history. Journal of the
neurological sciences, 284(1-2), 29-32.
Chu, J. Y., Chu, J. K., & Chung, A. G. (2006). Epidemiology
of cerebrovascular disease among. Chinese-Canadians: A
ten years retrospective. case-mix study. Neurology
Asia, 11, 13-18.
Chuang, S. Y., Chen, C. H., & Chou, P. (2004). Hypertension
and the Insulin-related Metabolic Syndrome: Factor
Analysis in 17,539 Taiwanese. Acta Cardiologica Sinica,
20(4), 229-236.
Croquelois, A., & Bogousslavsky, J. (2006). Risk awareness
and knowledge of patients with stroke: results of a
questionnaire survey 3 months after stroke. Journal
Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 77(6),726-728.
Dong, G. H., Sun, Z. Q., Zhang, X. Z., Li, J. J., Zheng, L.
Q., Li, J., et al. (2008). Prevalence, awareness,
treatment & control of hypertension in rural Liaoning
province, China. The Indian Journal of Medical
Research, 128(2), 122-127.
Du, X. (2000). Prevalence, treatment, control, and
Awareness of high Blood pressure and the Risk of Stroke
in Northwest England. Preventive Medicine, 30(4), 288-
294.
Du, X., McNamee, R., & Cruickshank, K. (2000). Stroke risk
from multiple risk factors combined with hypertension:
a primary care based case-control study in a defined
population of northwest England. Annals of
epidemiology, 10(6), 380-388.
Ebrahim, S., Sung, J., Song, Y. M., Ferrer, R., Lawlor, D.
A., & Smith, G. D. (2006). Serum cholesterol,
haemorrhagic stroke, ischaemic stroke, and myocardial
infarction: Korean national health system prospective
cohort study. British Medical Journal, 333(7557), 22-
26.
Eckel, R. H., Kahn, R., Robertson, R. M., & Rizza, R. A.
(2006). Preventing cardiovascular disease and diabetes:
a call to action from the American Diabetes
Association and the American Heart Association.
Circulation, 113(25), 2943-2946.
Elkind, M. S., Sciacca, R., Boden-Albala, B., Rundek, T.,
Paik, M. C., & Sacco, R. L. (2006). Moderate Alcohol
Consumption Reduces Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The
Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke, 37(1), 13-19.
Erem, C., Hacihasanoglu, A., Kocak, M., Deger, O., &
Topbas, M. (2008). Prevalence of prehypertension and
hypertension and associated risk factors among Turkish
adults: Trabzon Hypertension Study. Journal of Public
Health. 31(1), 47-58.
Foy, C. G., Foley, K. L., D'Agostino, R. B. Jr., Goff, D.
C. Jr., Mayer-Davis, E., & Wagenknecht, L. E. (2006).
Physical Activity, Insulin Sensitivity, and
Hypertension among US Adults: Findings from the Insulin
Resistance Atherosclerosis Stud. American Journal of
Epidemiology, 163(10), 921-928.
Fuchs, F. D., Chambless, L. E., Whelton, P. K., Nieto, F.
J., & Heiss, G. (2001). Alcohol Consumption and the
Incidence of Hypertension : The Atherosclerosis Risk in
Communities Study. Hypertension, 37(5), 1242-1250.
Gates, P. E., Tanaka, H., Hiatt, W. R., & Seals, D. R.
(2004). Dietary Sodium Restriction Rapidly Improves
Large Elastic Artery Compliance in Older Adults With
Systolic Hypertension. Hypertension, 44(1), 35-41.
Gu, D. F., Jiang, H., Wu, X. G., Reynolds, K., Gan, W. Q.,
Liu, D. H., et al. (2003). Prevalence, awareness,
treatment and control of hypertension in Chinese
adults. Hypertension, 40(6), 920-927.
Hajat, C., Tilling, K., Stewart, J. A., Lemic-Stojcevic,
N., & Wolfe, C. D. (2004). Ethnic difference in risk
factors for ischemic stroke: a European case-control
study. Stroke, 35(7), 1562-1567.
Hajjar, I., & Kotchen, T. A. (2003). Trends in Prevalence,
Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in
the United States, 1988-2000. JAMA, 290(2), 199-206.
Hata, J., Tanizaki, Y., Kiyohara, Y., Kato, I., Kubo, M.,
Tanaka, K., et al. (2005). Ten year recurrence after
first ever stroke in a Japanese community: the Hisayama
study. Journal of neurology neurosurgery and
psychiatry, 76(3), 368-372.
Hatano, S. (1976). Experience from a multicentre stroke
register: a preliminary report. Bulletin of the World
Health Organization, 54(5), 541-553.
He, F. J., Markandu, N. D., & MacGregor, G. A. (2005).
Modest Salt Reduction Lowers Blood Pressure in Isolated
Systolic Hypertension and Combined Hypertension.
Hypertension, 46(1), 66-70.
He, J., Whelton, P. K., Appel, L. J., Charleston, J., &
Klag, M. J. (2000). Long-Term Effects of Weight Loss
and Dietary Sodium Reduction on Incidence of
Hypertension. Hypertension, 35(2), 544-549.
Hillen, T., Dundas, R., Lawrence, E., Stewart, J. A., Rudd,
A. G., & Wolfe, C. D. (2000). Antithrombotic and
Antihypertensive Management 3 Months After Ischemic
Stroke : A prospective Study in an Inner City
Population. Stroke, 31(2), 469-475.
Iso, H., Baba, S., Mannami, T., Sasaki, S., Okada, K.,
Konishi, M., et al. (2004). Alcohol Consumption and
Risk of Stroke Among Middle-Aged Men: The JPHC Study
Cohort I. Stroke, 35(5), 1124-1129.
Israili, Z. H., Hernández-Hernández, R., & Valasco, M.
(2007). The Future of Antihypertensive Treatment.
American Journal of Therapeutics, 14(2), 121-134.
Jood, K., Ladenvall, C., Rosengren, A., Blomstrand, C., &
Jern, C. (2005). Family history in ischemic stroke
before 70 years of age: the Sahlgrenska Academy Study
on Ischemic Stroke. Stroke, 36(7), 1383-1387.
Kelly, T. N., Gu, D., Chen, J., Huang, J. F., Chen, J. C.,
Duan, X., et al. (2008). Cigarette smoking and risk of
stroke in the chinese adult. Stroke, 39(6), 1688-1693.
Khan, S. N., & Vohra, E. A. (2007). Risk factors for
stroke: A hospital based study. Pakistan Journal of
Medical Science , 23(1), 17-22.
Kim, H. C., Nam, C. M., Jee, S. H., & Suh, I. (2005).
Comparison of Blood Pressure-Associated Risk of
Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
Korea Medical Insurance Corporation Study.
Hypertension, 46(2), 393-397.
Kim, J. W., Park, C. G., Hong, S. J., Park, S. M., Rha, S.
W., Seo, H. S., et al. (2005). Acute and chronic
effects of cigarette smoking on arterial stiffness.
Blood Pressure, 14(2), 80-85.
Kiyohara, Y., Kato, I., Iwamoto, H., Nakayama, K ., &
Fujishima, M. (1995). The impact of alcohol and
hypertension on stroke incidence in a general Japanese
population: the Hisayama study. Stroke, 26(3), 368-372.
Knight, E. L., Bohn, R. L., Wang, P. S., Glynn, R. J.,
Mogun, H., & Avorn, J. (2001). Predictors of
uncontrolled hypertension in ambulatory patients.
Hypertension, 38(4), 809-814.
Kubo, M., Kiyohara, Y., Kato, I., Tanizaki, Y., Arima, H.,
Tanaka, K., et al. (2003). Trends in the Incidence,
Mortality, and Survival Rate of Cardiovascular Disease
in a Japanese Community: The Hisayama Study. Stroke, 34
(10), 2349-2354.
Kurukulasuriya, L. R., Govindarajan, G., & Sowers, J.
(2006). Stroke prevention in diabetes and obesity.
Expert Review Cardiovascular Therapy, 4(4), 487-502.
Li, C., Engstrom, G., Hedblad, B., Berglund, G., & Janzon,
L. (2005). Blood pressure control and risk of stroke: a
population-based prospective cohort study. Stroke, 36
(4), 725-730.
Liang, Y. L., Shiel, L. M., Teede, H., Kotsopoulos, D.,
McNeil, J., Cameron, J. D., et al. (2001). Effects of
Blood Pressure, Smoking, and Their Interaction on
Carotid Artery Structure and Function. Hypertension, 37
(1), 6-11.
Lin, Y. C., Yen, L. L., Chen, S. Y., Kao, M. D., Tzeng, M.
S., Huang, P. C., et al. (2003). Prevalence of
overweight and obesity and its associated factors:
findings from National Nutrition and Health Survey in
Taiwan, 1993-1996. Preventive Medicine, 37(3), 233-241.
Lindgren, A., Lovkvist, H., Hallstrom, B., Hoglund, P.,
Jonsson, A. C., Kristoffersson, U., et al. (2005).
Prevalence of stroke and vascular risk factors among
first-degree relatives of stroke patients and control
subjects. A prospective consecutive study.
Cerebrovascular Disease, 20(5), 381-387.
Mackay, J., & Mensah, G. (2004). The Atlas of Heart Disease
and Stroke. Geneva: The World Health Organization (WHO)
Press.
Mannami, T., Iso, H., Baba, S., Sasaki, S., Okada, K.,
Konishi, M., et al. (2004). Cigarette smoking and risk
of stroke and its subtypes among middle-aged Japanese
men and women: the JPHC Study Cohort I. Stroke, 35(6),
1248-1253.
Markandu, N. D., Whitcher, F., Arnold, A., & Carney, C.
(2000). The mercury sphygmomanometer should be abandoned
before it is proscribed. Journal of human hypertension,
14(1), 31-36.
Maruyama, K., Uchiyama, S., & Iwata, M. (2009). Metabolic
Syndrome and Its Components as Risk Factors for First-
Ever Acute Ischemic Noncardioembolic Stroke. Journal of
Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 18(3), 173-177.
Milionis, H. J., Liberopoulos, E., Goudevenos, J.,
Bairaktari, E. T., Seferiadis, K., & Elisaf, M. S.
(2005). Risk factors for first-ever acute ischemic non-
embolic stroke in elderly individuals. International
journal of cardiology, 99(2), 269-275.
Minelli, C., Lee, F. F., & Minelli, D. P. (2007). Stroke
Incidence, Prognosis, 30-Day, and 1-Year Case Fatality
Rates in Matão, Brazil: A Population-Based Prospective
Study Stroke. Stroke, 38(11), 2906-2911.
Moore, T. J., Conlin, P. R., Ard, J., & Svetkey, L. P.
(2001). DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)
Diet Is Effective Treatment for Stage 1 Isolated
Systolic Hypertension. Hypertension,38(2), 155-158.
Mouradian, M. S., Majumdar, S. R., Senthilselvan, A., Khan,
K., & Shuaib, A. (2002). How Well Are Hypertension,
Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes, and Smoking Managed After a
Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack? Stroke, 33(6),
1656-1659.
Muntner, P., DeSalvo, K. B., Wildman, R. P., Raggi, P., He,
J., & Whelton, P. K. (2006). Trends in the prevalence,
awareness, treatment, and control of cardiovascular
disease risk factors among noninstitutionalized
patients with a history of myocardial infarction and
stroke. American journal of epidemiology, 163(10), 913-
920.
Ng, K. C., & Lai, S. W. (2003). Hypertension in Middle-Aged
Taiwanese Adults. Mid-Taiwan Journal of Medicine, 8(4),
225-230.
Niiranen, T. J., Jula, A. M., Kantola, I. M., & Reunanen,
A. (2006). Comparison of agreement between clinic and
home-measured blood pressure in the Finnish population:
the Finn-HOME Study. Journal of Hypertension, 24(8),
1549-1555.
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M.
A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006). Prevalence of
overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004.
JAMA, 295(13), 1549-1555.
Ohkubo, T., Asayama, K., & Imai, Y. (2006). The value of
self-measured home blood pressure in predicting stroke.
Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 6(2), 163-173.
Ohta, Y., Tsuchihashi, T., Ibayashi, S., Matsumura, K.,
Kitazono, T., Ooboshi, H., et al. (2005). Blood
pressure control in hypertensive patients with a
history of stroke. Journal Stroke Cerebrovasc Disease,
14(6), 229-233.
Oliveria, S. A., Chen, R. S., McCarthy, B. D., Davis, C.
C., & Hill, M. N. (2005). Hypertension knowledge,
awareness, and attitudes in a hypertensive population.
Journal of general internal medicine, 20(3), 219-225.
Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam,
K. S. (2007). Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and
Control of Hypertension Among United States Adults
1999–2004. Hypertension, 49(1), 69-75.
Ostchega, Y., Dillon, C. F., Hughes, J. P., Carroll, M., &
Yoon, S. (2007). Trends in hypertension prevalence,
awareness, treatment, and control in older U.S. adults:
data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey 1988 to 2004. Journal of the American Geriatrics
Society, 55(7), 1056-1065.
Pandian, J. D., Kalra, G., Jaison, A., Deepak, S. S.,
Shamsher, S., Singh, Y., et al. (2006). Knowledge of
stroke among stroke patients and their relatives in
Northwest India. Neurology India, 54(4), 152-156.
Park, S., Rink, L. D., & Wallace, J. P. (2006).
Accumulation of physical activity leads to a greater
blood pressure reduction than a single continuous
session, in prehypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 24
(9), 1761-1770.
Paul, S. L., & Thrift, A. G. (2006). Control of
Hypertension 5 Years After Stroke in the North East
Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study.Hypertension, 48(2),
260-265.
Psaltopoulou, T., Orfanos, P., Naska, A., Lenas, D.,
Trichopoulos, D., & Trichopoulou, A. (2004).
Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of
hypertension in a general population sample of 26,913
adults in the Greek EPIC study. International journal
of epidemiology, 33(6), 1345-1352.
Rampal, L., Rampal, S., Azhar, M. Z., & Rahman, A. R.
(2008). Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of
hypertension in Malaysia: a national study of 16,440
subjects. Public Health, 122(1),11-18.
Renaud, S. C., Guéguen, R., Conard, P., Lanzmann-Petithory,
D., Orgogozo, J. M., & Henry, O. (2004). Moderate wine
drinkers have lower hypertension-related mortality: a
prospective cohort study in Frenchmen. American Journal
of Clinical Nutrition, 80(3), 621-625.
Rhee, M. Y., Na, S. H., Kim, Y. K., Lee, M. M., & Kim H. Y.
(2007). Acute effects of cigarette smoking on arterial
stiffness and blood pressure in male smokers with
hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension, 20(6),
637-641.
Rosenthal, R. (1987). Essentials of behavioral research:
methods and data analysis. Meta-analytic procedures for
social research (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Sacco, R. L., Elkind, M., Boden-Albala, B., Lin, I. F.,
Kargman, D. E., Hauser, W. A., et al. (1999). The
Protective Effect of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on
Ischemic Stroke. JAMA, 281(1), 53-60.
Samal, D., Greisenegger, S., Auff, E., Lang, W., &
Lalouschek, W.(2007). The relation between knowledge
about hypertension and education in hospitalized
patients with stroke in Vienna. Stroke,38(4), 1304-1308.
Staessen, J. A., Den, H. E., Celis, H., Fagard, R., Keary,
L., Vandenhoven, G., et al. (2004). Antihypertensive
Treatment Based on Blood Pressure Measurement at Home
or in the Physician's Office: A Randomized Controlled
Trial. JAMA, 291(8), 955-964.
Stamler, J., Liu, K., Ruth, K. J., Pryer, J., & Philip, G.
(2002). Eight-Year Blood Pressure Change in Middle-Aged
Men: Relationship to Multiple Nutrients. Hypertension,
39(5), 1000-1006.
Straus, S. E., Majumdar, S. R., & McAlister, F. A. (2002).
New evidence for stroke prevention: scientific review.
JAMA, 288(11), 1388-1395.
Sundell, L., Salomaa, V., Vartiainen, E., Poikolainen, K.,
& Laatikainen T. (2008). Increased stroke risk is
related to a binge-drinking habit. Stroke, 39(12), 3179-
3184.
Svetkey, L. P., Simons-Morton, D. G., Proschan, M. A.,
Sacks, F. M., Conlin, P. R., Harsha, D., et al. (2004).
Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
Diet and Reduced Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure
Control. Journal Clinical Hypertension, 6(7), 373-381.
Tan, T. F., Tseng, M. C., & Chang, K. C. (2004). Risk
factors for first-ever ischemic stroke: a hospital-
based case-control study in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Chang
Gung Medical Journal, 27(11), 801-807.
Thomas, F., Bean, K., Pannier, B., Oppert, J. M., Guize,
L., & Benetos, A. (2005). A Cardiovascular mortality in
overweight subjects. the key role of associated risk
factors. Hypertension, 46(4), 654-659.
Thrift, A. G., Dewey, H. M., Sturm, J, W., Paul, S. L.,
Gilligan, A. K., Srikanth, V. K., et al. (2006).
Greater Incidence of Both Fatal and Nonfatal Strokes in
Disadvantaged Areas: The Northeast Melbourne Stroke
Incidence Study. Stroke, 37(3), 877-882.
Ueshima, H., Choudhury, S. R., Okayama, A., Hayakawa, T.,
Kita, Y., Kadowaki, T., et al. (2004). Cigarette
Smoking as a Risk Factor for Stroke Death in Japan.
Stroke, 35(8), 1836-1841.
Viera, A. J., Cohen, L. W., Mitchell, C. M., & Sloane, P.
D. (2008). High Blood Pressure Knowledge Among Primary
Care Patients with Known Hypertension: A North Carolina
Family Medicine Research Network (NC-FM-RN) Study. The
Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 21
(4), 300-308.
Vlachopoulos, C., Alexopoulos, N., Panagiotakos, D.,
O'Rourke, M. F., & Stefanadis, C. (2004). Cigar smoking
has an acute detrimental effect on arterial stiffness.
American Journal of Hypertension, 17(4), 299-303.
Wang, W., Lee, E. T., Fabsitz, R. R., Devereux, R., Best,
L., Welty, T. K., et al. (2006). A Longitudinal Study
of Hypertension Risk Factors and Their Relation to
Cardiovascular Disease: The Strong Heart Study.
Hypertension, 47(3), 403-409.
Wen, C. P., Levy, D. T., Cheng, T. Y., Hsu, C. C., & Tsai,
S. P. (2005). Smoking behaviour in Taiwan, 2001.
Tobacco Control, 14(suppl_1), i51-i55.
Wolf-Maier, K., Cooper, R. S., Banegas, J., Giampaoli, S.,
Hense, H. W., Joffres, M., et al. (2003). Hypertension
prevalence and blood pressure level in 6 European
countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA, 289
(18), 2363-2369.
World Health Organization. (2005). Clinical guideline for
the management of hypertension. 2009年6月16日.取自
http://www.emro.who.int/dsaf/dsa471.pdf.
Wu,Y., Huxley, R., Li, L., Anna, V., Xie, G., Yao, C., et
al. (2008). Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and
Control of Hypertension in China: Data from the China
National Nutrition and Health Survey 2008. Circulation,
118(25), 2679-2686.
Zhang, H., Thijs, L., & Staessen, J. A. (2006). Blood
Pressure Lowering for Primary and Secondary Prevention
of Stroke. Hypertension, 48(2), 187-195.
Zhang, L. F., Yang, J., Hong, Z., Yuan, G. G., Zhou, B. F.,
Zhao, L. C., et al. (2003). Proportion of Different
Subtypes of Stroke in China. Stroke, 34(9), 2091-2096.
Zhang, X., Shu, X. O., Yang, G., Li, H. L., Xiang, Y. B.,
Gao, Y. T., et al. (2005). Association of Passive
Smoking by Husbands with Prevalence of Stroke among
Chinese Women Nonsmokers. American Journal of
Epidemiology, 161(3), 213-218.