臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

多次的能源危機與環保意識的抬頭，太陽能相關的研究與應用便開始展開，由於太陽能電池的發電效率一直以來都不高，且價格昂貴，故基於成本與效率的考量，我們需要一個集光系統將較多的陽光收集到太陽能電池內。利用全像光學元件技術所做出來的透鏡，可以在太陽能集光系統取代傳統光學透鏡製作不易，且價格不貲的缺點。
本論文中，首先說明波帶板(Zone plate)的原理及製作方法。在本研究中所採用之光學元件基底材料為鹵化銀感光明膠，波帶板是利用全像穿透式技術的原理製成，並且有利用離軸拍攝之方法，使得可將對不同波長感光之鹵化銀感光明膠，分別製成不同聚焦角度之波帶板，經由重建後不同波段之底片來吸收不同波段之太陽能，分段吸收之結果可提升其效率。
最後，利用繞射效率之公式來針對我們所設計出的全像光學元件波帶板計算，討論所得到之繞射效率是否可以取代傳統光學元件，並且提出將來可以改善的對策，以幫助日後之研究。

With several occasions of energy crisis and rising awareness of environment protection, the researches and applications about solar energy has been started. Owing to lower electricity generating efficiency in solar cells, along with higher prices, in consideration of cost and efficiency, it was aimed to create a light-concentration system to receive more sunlight into solar cells. The lens made by Holographic Optical Elements was planned to replace traditionally-made optical lens flawed with difficult production and high cost for light-concentration systems.
In this article, the principles and production ways of zone plates were firstly described. The substrate of optical elements in this research was silver halide photo-gelatin. Zone plates were made by using the principles of holographic penetration technique, and also combined with off-axis photography. The halide gelatin photo-gelatins with photo-sensitivity to various wave lengths were made into zone plates featured with various focusing angles. Films of various wave bands after reconstruction could be used to absorb solar energy with various wave bands. The charging efficiency could be improved through the absorption of various wave bands.
Finally, by using the diffraction efficiency equation, the zone plates featured with holographic optical elements designed for this research could be calculated. Whether the diffraction efficiency could be used to replace traditional optical elements was determined from research discussion availably. Also, improvement strategies could be proposed for upcoming research effort.

目錄

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 v
表圖目錄 vi
符號說明 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 光學元件特性 1
1.3 研究動機 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 全像光學元件的材料介紹 4
2.2 文獻回顧 4
2.2.1 太陽能收集器 4
2.2.2 鹵化銀感光明膠 7
2.3 全像理論簡介 10
2.3.1 全像術 10
2.4 波帶板成像作用 11
2.5 全像光學元件的繞射特性 22
第三章 原理 25
3.1 全像基本原理 25
3.2 基本Gabor全像分析 27
3.3 f-θ透鏡 29
3.4 全像片的幾何分析 31
3.5 波帶板分析 36
3.6 相關光學原理 38
3.6.1 像差原理 40
3.6.2 其他光學名詞解釋 47
第四章 實驗 52
4.1 實驗設備 52
4.2 實驗材料 57
4.3 全像光學元件製作 59
4.3.1 實驗架設 59
4.3.2 蝕刻過程 60
4.3.3 測量繞設效率 62
第五章 結果與討論 63
第六章 結論 70
參考文獻 72
作者簡介 75

參考文獻

[1]D.H Close, “Holographic optic element” , Optic engineer Vol.14, No.5, pp.408-419, (1975)
[2]B.J Chang, “Dichromated gelatin holograms and their applications” , Optic engineer, Vol.19, No.5, September October, pp.642-648, (1980)
[3]林宸生，全像光學元件製程之人工智慧與電腦化之研究，國立中央大學光電材料科學研究所博士論文，(1993)
[4]胡錦標，精密光電技術，高立圖書出版，pp.45-50，pp.68-70，(1990)
[5]張阜權、孫榮山、唐偉國，光學，新竹：凡異出版社，pp.33，pp.36-38，pp.202，pp.209，pp.255，pp.263-268，pp.320，(1998)
[6]M. Parker Givens, Institute of optics, University of Rochester, (1972)
[7]鄭益祥，展示型全像數，科學發展，Vol.1386，(2005)
[8]陳逸寧，基礎雷射全像術，全華科技出版，Ch1，1-7，Ch2，3-5~3-8，5-7~5-10，(2005)
[9]H.M. Smith “Baisc Holographic Principles” pp.1-10
[10]Rober J. Collier, Christoph B. Bourckhardi, Lawrence H. Lin “Optical Holography”
[11]Masato Shibuya, “F-θ Lens”, U.S. Patent, 4,396,254
[12]Haruo Maeda, “F-θ Lens System”, U.S. Patent, 4,401,362
[13]Haruo Maeda, “an F-θ Lens System”, U.S. Patent, 4,436,383
[14]Atsushi Kawamura, “Anamorphic F-θ Lens System” , U.S. Patent, 4,277,128
[15]Bun Hayashida, “F(θ) Lens System of Four-Group Construction”, U.S. Patent, 4,400,063
[16]M. Young, “Zone Plates and Their Aberrations “Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol.62, No.8, August (1972)
[17]Howard M. Smith, “Principles of Holography”, pp76-81
[18]林政民，應用於太陽能集光器之光學元件製造與性能測試，國立台灣大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，(2001)
[19]陳錫恒，光學，近代物哩，中央圖書出版，pp.1，pp.37，pp.137，pp.138，(1985)
[20]Kostuk RK. “Practical design consideration and performance characteristics of high Numerical aperture holographic lenses”, Proc SPIE, 1461：24-34, (1991)
[21]耿繼業，何建娃，幾何光學，全欣資訊圖書出版，pp.19，pp.20，pp.138，pp.161，pp.267-282，(1991)
[22]Bruse Spatz, “Optics”, second edition, Eugene Hecht Adelphi University, Oxford Illustrators, pp.220-227, (1987)
[23]楊建人譯，光學原理，徐氏基金會出版，pp.320，(1986)
[24]吳漢雄，工程光學與實習，國立編譯館，俊傑書局發行，pp.113，(2002)
[25]張弘，幾何光學，東華書局，pp.204，pp.205，(1987)
[26]吳光雄，光學實驗，高立圖書，pp.20，pp.29-31，(2002)
[27]Warren J. Smith, Mcgraw Hill. “Modem Optical Engineering”, pp.71-73, (2000)
[28]方志毅，陳進勇，衛延年，張金灶，雷射光學示範儀使用手冊，銓州光電發行，pp.105
[29]吳健郎，張如松等，物理(下)，高立圖書出版，pp.84-85，(1989)
[30]J. Hull and J. Lauer and D. Broadbent, “Holographic solar concentrators”, Energy Vol.12, No.3/4, pp.209-215, (1987)
[31]沈觀葆，全像太陽能集光器之研製，國立台灣大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，(1989)
[32]P. Bendt, T. Jannson, H. Tin, H.A. Yu, “Holoconcertrators As Holographic Optical Elements”, L.I.A. Vol.41, ICALEO, pp.13-19, (1983)