臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究目的：探討高中職青少年不同生活事件類型對於人格特質與行為問題的中介作用，及不同憂鬱狀態在前述機制中之修飾作用。
研究方法：本研究為以學校為基礎(school-based)的二波段追蹤研究 (2-wave panel study)。研究以多階段抽樣方式(multistage sampling)選取樣本，總計納入354名高中職學生進行分析。生活事件對人格特質與行為問題之中介效果以Sobel test進行檢驗，95%信賴區間以bootstrap方式進行估計；並以結構方程式(Structural Equation Modeling)分析憂鬱狀態對前述關係之修飾作用。
研究結果：不同人格特質為行為問題與負向衍生事件之預測變項。負向生活事件在許多人格特質與行為問題之間產生中介作用，並且青少年憂鬱狀態對大多人格-負向事件-行為問題具有修飾效果，但不影響神經質-負向衍生事件-外化行為問題及神經質-負向衍生事件-全行為的路徑。
結論：青少年不論有無憂鬱，神經質人格明顯者，與各種行為問題均有相關，其中外化行為問題可為負向衍生事件所中介，表示神經質人格與負向衍生事件為預防與介入青少年行為問題之關鍵。心理衛生或學校輔導相關單位應特別注意有此情形之青少年，早期預防青少年行為問題的產生 。
關鍵字：青少年、中介效應、修飾作用、人格特質、生活事件、行為問題、憂鬱狀態

Objectives: The aim of this study is examining the mediating effect of life events and the moderating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between personality traits and behavioral problems in adolescents. Methods: There are 354 subjects ascertained by using multistage sampling in a school-based 2-wave panel study. The mediating effect of life events on the relationship between personality traits and behavioral problems was examined by Sobel test, plus with its 95% confidence interval estimated by bootstrapping method. The moderating effect of depressive symptoms on the personality-life events-behavioral problems mechanism was analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling. Results: Personality traits predict behavioral problems and life events. Negative life events were mediator on the relationship between personality traits and behavioral problems in depressive and non-depressive adolescent, and the moderating effects of depressive symptoms on the mechanism of neuroticism-negative life events-behavioral problems were also confirmed. Conclusions: The results indicated that negative dependent life events were mediator between neuroticism and externalizing problems and total problems among adolescents, with or without depression. Prevention or intervention strategies for behavioral problems may focus on adolescents with high neuroticism and recent negative dependent life events.
Keywords: Adolescent, mediation, moderation, personality traits, life events, behavioral problems, depressive symptoms

目錄
內容 頁
致謝 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 人格特質與行為問題之相關 2
第三節 生活事件與行為問題之相關 4
第四節 人格特質與生活事件之相關 6
第五節 憂鬱狀態在人格特質、生活事件及行為問題所扮演的角色 7
第六節 研究目的 8
第二章 研究方法
第一節 研究架構與假設 10
第二節 研究設計與流程 11
第三節 研究對象 12
第四節 變項之定義與測量 13
第五節 資料處理與分析 18
第三章 結果
第一節 流行病學描述性統計 23
第二節 受試者行為問題、人格特質與生活事件之相關 24
第三節 受試者於不同時間點各量表得分情形 26
第四節 受試者生活事件對行為問題與人格特質中介效應分析 27
第五節 受試者生活事件對行為問題與人格特質中介效應變化 29
第四章 討論
第一節 主要研究發現 33
第二節 人格特質、生活事件與行為問題之相關 33
第三節 不受憂鬱狀態修飾之中介模式 35
第四節 憂鬱狀態的修飾作用 36
第五節 不同憂鬱相關疾患盛行情形 38
第六節 方法學的考量 38
第五章 結論與建議
第一節 結論 41
第二節 建議 41
參考文獻 43
附錄一 性格量表 70
附錄二 生活事件量表 72
附錄三 行為量表 74
附錄四 面訪診斷問卷
77
圖表目錄
內容 頁
表一 基本人口學變項之描述 51
表二 納入診斷樣本之精神疾患盛行率 52
表三 不同憂鬱分組於基線與追蹤之量表分數情形 53
表四之一 兩組間行為問題(內、外、全)、人格特質(外向、神經質、精神病質)與生活事件(獨立、衍生及正負向區分)之基線皮爾森淨相關係數(partial correlation coefficient) 54
表四之二 兩組間行為問題(內、外、全)、人格特質(外向、神經質、精神病質)與生活事件(獨立、衍生及正負向區分)之追蹤皮爾森淨相關係數(partial correlation coefficient) 55
表四之三 憂鬱疾患組行為問題(內、外、全)、人格特質(外向、神經質、精神病質)與生活事件(獨立、衍生及正負向區分)之基線與追蹤皮爾森淨相關係數(partial correlation coefficient) 56
表四之四 非憂鬱疾患組行為問題(內、外、全)、人格特質(外向、神經質、精神病質)與生活事件(獨立、衍生及正負向區分)之基線與追蹤皮爾森淨相關係數(partial correlation coefficient) 57
表五之一 生活事件對基線全行為問題與人格特質中介效應分析 58
表五之二 生活事件對基線內化問題與人格特質中介效應分析 59
表五之三 生活事件對基線外化問題與人格特質中介效應分析 60
表六之一 生活事件對追蹤全行為問題與人格特質中介效應分析 61
表六之二 生活事件對追蹤全內化問題與人格特質中介效應分析 62
表六之三 生活事件對追蹤外化問題與人格特質中介效應分析 63
表七之一 生活事件對全行為問題與人格特質徑路分析 64
表七之二 生活事件對基線內化問題與人格特質徑路分析 65
表七之三 生活事件對外化問題與人格特質徑路分析 66
圖一 中介因子之概念圖 67
圖二 不同憂鬱狀態半年變化情形 68
圖三 兩組間相同中介效應路徑模式分析比較 69

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