電力系統無效功率之最佳化調度遠較實功困難，此乃因虛功在電力潮流模型中均被視為定值且與母線電壓直接相關，故於虛功發電量之調整過程電壓也必然變動，故與原先電壓控制母線之假設完全不同。因虛功之最佳化調度計算困難，故實際之電力系統控制中心日常仍以實功經濟調度為主，而虛功則由區域負載中心提供，不足之額方由系統發電機供應。雖然大致上均以此方式調度，但仍會出現一些問題，即臨時性或不正常之虛功需求仍需由系統提供，故仍有積極調度之必要。一般虛功之調度均以傳輸損失作為目標函數，此乃因虛功流量對損失仍有相同之影響。本文乃依修正後之賈可比分佈因子建立虛功流量與損失模型，並依此模型提出二種求解之方法。此外，本文另提出一二次式之虛功成本計算模式，並依此模式推導建立虛功經濟調度之模型。最後，本文所提修正式賈可比分佈因子及三種虛功經濟調度之方法，均以IEEE 14-Bus及IEEE 30-Bus之系統驗證其有效性與實用性，由模擬測試之結果顯示，其不但準確而且快速，極適於線上之即時調度應用。

Reactive power optimal dispatch is more difficult than real power dispatch. In general, reactive powers are always supplied by the local distribution centers and can seriously affect the bus voltages. But in complex interconnected power systems, the sudden and unusual requirements of reactive power are still supplied by the generators. As a result, the reactive power flows on transmission lines can not be ignored and will cause some losses in transmission. Based on this reason, most system researchers treat the reactive power dispatch as an optimal problem by taking the transmission losses as objective function. In this thesis, the transmission losses are expressed in terms of line flows which are formulated by Jacobian based distribution factor (JBDF). The conventional JBDF sensitivity factors can only reflect the changes of reactive loads, but not reactive generating powers, to the line flows. They should be revised by taking some adjustments and involved in the loss models. Based on these models, three solution methods for the reactive power economic dispatch problem have been proposed and tested by IEEE 14-Bus and IEEE 30-Bus sample systems. As demonstrated by the simulation results, the proposed revised JBDF sensitivity factors can precisely compute line flows during dispatch computations. They make the computations of transmission losses and line flows to be very easy without the need of executing power flow program. This good feature also makes the reactive power dispatch problem become easy to approach and results in excellent results. The proposed methods are very suitable for real time applications due to their fast computations.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 I
符號索引 IV
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與背景 1
1-2 研究方法與步驟 5
1-3 主要貢獻 5
1-4 論文架構 6
第二章 負載潮流 7
2-1 前言 7
2-2簡介負載潮流求解方法 7
2-2-1 負載潮流方程式 8
2-3 牛頓-拉弗森法簡介 11
2-3-1 求解負載潮流之牛頓-拉弗森法 13
第三章 賈可比矩陣分佈因子 19
3-1 前言 19
3-2 賈可比矩陣分佈因子 20
3-3 賈可比虛功流量負載量分佈因子 20
3-3-1 母線注入變化量ΔQ之建立 23
3-4 賈可比虛功流量發電量分佈因子 26
3-5 測試系統分析與討論 29
3-5-1賈可比虛功分佈因子作LSDF之結果討論 30
3-5-2賈可比虛功分佈因子作GSDF用之結果討論 30
第四章 以賈可比矩陣分佈因子快速求解電力系統虛功經濟調度之問題 62
4-1 前言 62
4-2以賈可比矩陣分佈因子求解電力系統虛功經濟調度之問題 62
4-2-1求解方法(一)：以輸電損失為目標函數 62
4-2-2求解方法(二)：以二次式虛功成本函數為目標函數 66
4-2-3求解方法(三)：以虛功平方總和為目標函數 70
4-3 實例模擬測試之結果與討論 72
第五章 結論及未來研究方向 80
5-1結論 80
5-2未來發展方向 80
參考文獻 81
附錄 88

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