臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統之路燈照明系統均以水銀燈或鈉燈等之金屬氣體放電燈泡為主，其功率消耗極大且因溫度太高而致壽命短促。近年來LED(Light-Emitting-Diode) 之功率及發光效能不斷提升，故而有逐漸取代傳統金屬蒸氣燈泡之趨勢。但高功率LED (High-Power Light-Emitting-Diode )僅15%之功率用於發光，而高達85%之電能均轉化為熱能，故散熱問題及由熱所衍生之光衰問題乃高功率照明系統所必須面對及解決之課題。
本文針對此問題乃研製一個控制系統，包含反馳式轉換器( Flyback Converter )及結合微控制器( PIC16F877 )來實現智慧型控制，即利用脈衝寬度調變( Pulse-Width-Modulation )將LED照明依時段作(1)全載(2)半載(3)1/3載等多段之自動調光控制，並增加額外的LED做為輪替休息控制，或依據感光元件CDS自動調整發光亮度，另增加熱導管散熱裝置以解決LED之熱能問題，如此不但可節省約40%之能源，及避免提早出現光衰問題及延長使用壽命。

In convention , Metal Discharge Lamps, such as Mercury Lamp and Sodium Lamp, are always installed as street lamps. However, they still have two major shortcomings in applications, such like：(1) high working temperature (2) short life time. The problem of short life time is usually due to high working temperature and will make the applications become more expensive because of frequent replacement. Recently, high power LED gains great achievements in lighting efficiency and lumen per watt (lm/w). These improvements of lighting efficacies will make the use of LED lamps become possible in high power applications like street lamps. But even so, there still exist a serious problem in high power LED lamps, it is that LED lighting efficiency is about 15% and 85% input power will be transferred into heat. As a result, such heat due to working LED needs large heat sink to dissipate and will cause higher temperature which should shorten the life time. This thesis proposes an intelligent control method to improve the heat dissipation and life time problems. The proposed method utilizes a single chip to control LED string to light in turn and adjusts the LED brightness according to different periods. It divides one night into four stages and adjusts the LED brightness by dimming technique. As demonstrated by the experiment results, it appears that the proposed method has good energy saving feature and can reduce the working temperatures of heat sink and p-n junction. These good features will make the use of LED lamps become easy and possible in street lamps and other high power lighting applications.
Key Words: LED lamp, Metal Discharge Lamp, heat dissipation, dimming technique

目錄
誌謝 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究背景與目的 2
1.3 研究方法 3
1.4 論文架構 6
第二章 發光二極體介紹 7
2.1 近代照明光源發展沿革 7
2.2 發光二極體發展沿革 11
2.3 光源專有名詞 14
2.4 LED發光原理 15
2.5 白光LED發光之方法 19
2.6 LED封裝類別 24
2.7 LED光源的優點與應用範圍 27
第三章 電力轉換器介紹 29
3.1 返馳式轉換器原理介紹 29
3.2 UC3843介紹 36
3.3 TL431介紹 39
3.4 PC817介紹 41
3.5 返馳式轉換器之變壓器設計 42
3.6 返馳式轉換器之波形 52
第四章 智慧型高功率LED節能系統之研製 57
4.1 PIC16F877特性 57
4.2 PIC16F877基本應用說明 59
4.3 系統電路圖 62
4.4 LED調光及輪替方法 68
4.6 LED照度量測 82
4.7 綜合討論分析 84
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 86
5.1結論 86
5.2未來研究方向 87
參考文獻 88

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