臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

時代的快速變遷下，產品生命週期也隨著變化的速度加快了腳步，廠商們為了不讓商品在供貨時發生「供不應求」的情況，會進行大量地購買，但量太多會讓商品造成「供過於求」的情況，尤其某些商品具保固期限存在(如：損耗性商品之水果、流行性商品之電子產品等)，若類似商品積壓過量，將使存貨損耗量及其處理成本攀升。為了滿足顧客們的需求同時使利潤提昇，廠商們將與供應廠商簽訂「退貨條款」，相反地，若供應廠商不允許退貨發生，此時，將轉手「回收」給關係企業之需求商。這樣的退貨與回收形成了一種無形的供應鏈協調架構，不僅可響應資源再利用，且還可以提升環保意識與節能減碳的觀念，同時具經濟效益並符合社會當前所提倡的綠色供應鏈。
本研究整合了單一供應商、單一零售商以及單一需求商，在此供應鏈協調之銷售、退貨與回收與其利潤變化之情況。本模式欲探討零售商之最大化利潤，並從中尋找出最佳訂購數量、退貨量與回收量一連串供應鏈協調，且利用數學軟體Maple 8.0、Excel 2003進行運算求解，並運用範例分析與敏感度分析驗證出模式的合理性與可行性。
最後，實例探討可得知，此模式可提供更正確的利潤發展架構，以協助廠商們在進行商品批量訂購時，能夠做出更正確之利潤架構分析。如此一來，使得供應鏈上下游廠商間發揮最大的供應鏈協調，以便讓廠商們獲得最大的利潤效益。

Due to short Product Life Cycle (PLC) in recent years, there is an acute problem in synchronizing “Supply and Demand”. To avoid shortages, the retailer usually keeps huge inventory, which will result in large inventory and deteriorating costs. The situation is especially serious for fruits and fashion goods. In order to reduce losses, the retailer should have a contract on product return with supplier. This model investigate product “return” and “recycle” in a co-operative model framework. This concept of product returns and recycle improve the use of resources and protect environment.
The paper investigated the role of the return and recycle policy in a co-operative supply chain. The optimum order quantity, return quantity and recycle quantity are derived to maximize the retailer’s expected profit.
Mathematic software as such as Maple 8.0 and Excel 2003 are used to derive the optimal solution total profit. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis are used to illustrate the rationality and feasibility of our model.

目錄
中文摘要........................................I
Abstract......................................II
誌謝.........................................III
目錄..........................................IV
圖目錄........................................VI
表目錄.......................................VII
第一章 緒論....................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機............... .............1
1.2 研究目的與範圍.............................3
1.3 研究方法與步驟............................4
1.4 論文章節概要與架構........................5
第二章 文獻探討...............................7
2.1整合供應鏈協調模式..........................7
2.2.損耗性商品之研究..........................10
2.3退貨政策之研究.............................12
2.4回收政策之研究.............................15
2.5文獻整理比較................ ..............19
第三章 考慮損耗性商品過量存貨退貨策略............20
3.1模式之基本假設.............................20
3.2模式之符號說明.............................21
3.3模式推導..................................22
3.4求解方式..................................26
3.5範例分析..................................27
3.6敏感度分析................................30
3.7零售商未將過量存貨進行退貨給供應商之策略......35
3.7.1模式之基本假設...........................35
3.7.2 模式推導...............................35
3.7.3範例分析................................38
3.7.4退貨與未退貨之利潤比較分析…...............40
第四章 考慮損耗性商品過量存貨退貨與回收策略.......41
4.1模式之基本假設 .............................41
4.2模式之符號說明 .............................42
4.3模式推導...................................43
4.4求解方法...................................47
4.5範例分析...................................48
4.6敏感度分析.................................51
4.7整合退貨、未退貨與回收之利潤比較分析………………55
第五章 結論、貢獻與未來研究方向…………………………56
5.1 研究結論…………………………………………………56
5.2 研究貢獻…………………………………………………58
5.3 未來研究方向……………………………………………59
參考文獻………………………………………………………60
附錄(A)…………………………………………………………66
附錄(B)…………………………………………………………69
附錄(C)…………………………………………………………71

【圖目錄】
圖1.1 物流的範疇……………………………………………2
圖1.2 本論文之研究架構圖…………………………………6
圖2.1 供應鏈之階層圖………………………………………8
圖2.2 資源回收四合一計畫…………………………………16
圖3.1 退貨策略下雙方買賣流程圖…………………………21
圖3.2 退貨策略下零售商之存貨數量圖……………………22
圖3.3 納入退貨條件下之零售商單位時間利潤函數圖……28
圖3.4 以零售商之單位時間利潤主體相關之變異圖………32
圖3.5 未納入退貨條件下之零售商單位時間利潤函數圖…39
圖4.1 回收策略下零售商與需求商之轉賣流程圖…………42
圖4.2 回收策略下零售商之存貨數量圖……………………43
圖4.3 回收條件下之零售商單位時間利潤函數圖…………49
圖4.4 以零售商之單位時間利潤主體相關之變異圖………53
【表目錄】
表2.1 供應協調之相關文獻整理……………………………8
表2.2 損耗性商品之特色……………………………………10
表2.3 退貨策略之相關文獻整理……………………………12
表2.4 回收策略之相關文獻整理……………………………16
表2.5 本論文研究之相關文獻整理…………………………19
表3.1 模式參數符號說明……………………………………21
表3.2 數值分析相關參數數值表……………………………27
表3.3 各參數數值之改變幅度表……………………………30
表3.4 各參數對零售商單位時間利潤PU之變化量………31
表3.5 各參數對零售商單位時間利潤PU之敏感度分析之變異表..........................................32
表3.6 數值分析相關參數數值表………………………38
表3.7 未退貨與退貨之利潤比較分析表…………………40
表4.1 模式參數符號說明…………………………………42
表4.2 數值分析相關參數數值表…………………………48
表4.3 各參數數值之改變幅度表…………………………51
表4.4 各參數對零售商單位時間利潤PU之變化量………52
表4.5 各參數對零售商單位時間利潤PU之敏感度分析之變異表.........................................53
表4.6 整合未退貨、退貨與回收之利潤比較分析表……55

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