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Neur 1996, 46:1470. 2. Applegate WB, Davis BR, Black HR, Smith WM, Miller ST and Burlando AJ. Prevalence of postural hypotension at baseline in the systolic hypertension in the elderly program (SHEP) cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991, 39:1057-1064. 3.Chao CY and Cheing GL. The effects of lower-extremity functiona electric stimulation on the orthostatic response of people with tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005, 86:1427-1433. 4. Engel P and Hildebrandt G. Long-term studies about orthostatic training after high spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1976, 14:159-164. 5. Gonzalez F, Chang JY, Banovac K, Messina D, Martinez-Arizala A and Kelley RE. Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in patients with orthostatic hypotension after spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1991, 29:1-7. 6. Houtman S, Colier WNJM, Oeseburg B and Hopman MTE. Systemic circulation and cerbral oxygenation during head-up tilt in spinal cord injured individuals. Spinal Cord 2000, 38: 158-163. 7. Illman A, Stiller K and Williams M. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension during physiotherapy treatment in patients with an acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2000, 38:741-747. 8. Lipsitz LA. Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1989, 321:952-957. 9. Mukai S and Hayano J. Heart rate and blood pressure variabilities during graded head-up tilt. J App Physiol 1995, 78:212-216. 10. Onrot J, Goldberg MR and Hollister AS. Management of chronic orthostatic hypotension. Am J Med 1986, 80:454-464. 11. Paul S, Zygmunt D and Haile V. Chronic orthostatic hypotension. Compr Ther 1988, 14:58-65. 12. Rutan GH, Hermanson B, Bild DE, Kittner SJ, LaBaw F and Tell GS. Orthostatic hypotension in older adults: The cardiovascular health study. CHS Collaborative Research Group. Hypertension 1992, 19:508-519. 13. Sampson EE, Burnham RS and Andrews BJ. Function electrical stimulation effect on orthostatic hypotension after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000, 81:139-143. 14. Schatz IJ. Orthostatic hypotension. I. Functional and neurogenic causes. Arch Intern Med 1984, 144:773-777. 15. Veerman DP, Imholz BPM, Wieling W, Karemaker JM and Van MGA. Effects of aging on blood pressure variability in resting conditions. Hypertension 1994, 24:120-130. 16. Wall, BM, Runyan KR, Williams HH, Bobal MA, Crofton JT, Share L and Cooke CR. Characteristics of vasopressin release during controlled reduction in arterial pressure. J Lab Clin Med 1994, 124:554-563. Chapter 4 1. American Autonomic Society and American Academy of Neurology Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. Neur 1996, 46:1470. 2. Cariga P, Ahmed S, Mathias CJ and Gardner BP. The prevalence and association of neck (coat-hanger) pain and orthostatic (postural) hypotension in human spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2002, 40:77-82. 3. Chao CY and Cheing GL. The effects of lower-extremity functiona electric stimulation on the orthostatic response of people with tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005, 86:1427-1433. 4. Engel P and Hildebrandt G. Long-term studies about orthostatic training after high spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1976, 14:159-164. 5. Figoni SF. Cardiovascular and haemodynamic responses to tilting and to standing in tetraplegic patients: a review. Paraplegia 1984, 22:99-109. 6. Gonzalez F, Chang JY, Banovac K, Messina D, Martinez-Arizala A and Kelley RE. Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in patients with orthostatic hypotension after spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1991, 29:1-7. 7. Houtman S, Colier WNJM, Oeseburg B and Hopman MTE. Systemic circulation and cerbral oxygenation during head-up tilt in spinal cord injured individuals. Spinal Cord 2000, 38: 158-163. 8. Illman A, Stiller K and Williams M. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension during physiotherapy treatment in patients with an acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2000, 38:741-747. 9. Kochiadakis GE, Kanoupakis EM, Igoumenidis NE, Marketou ME, Solomou MC, and Vardas PE. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability in the analysis of autonomic nervous system activity during tilt-table testing in patients with unexplained syncope. IEEE Comput Cardiol 1997, 24:367-369. 10. Legramante JM, Raimondi G, Massaro M and Iellamo F. Positive and negative feedback mechanisms in the neural regulation of cardiovascular function in healthy and spinal cord-injured humans. Circ 2001, 103:1250-1255. 11. Liu DS, Chang WH, Wong AMK, Chen SC, Lin KP and Lai CH. Development of a Biofeedback Tilt Table for Investigating Orthostatic Syncope in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. Med Biol Eng Comput 2007, 45:1223-1228. 12. Merati G, Di Rienzo M, Parati G, Veicsteinas A and Castiglioni P. Assessment of the autonomic control of heart rate variability in healthy and spinal-cord injured subjects: contribution of different complexity-based estimators. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2005, 53:43-52. 13. Mukai S and Hayano J. Heart rate and blood pressure variabilities during graded head-up tilt. J App Physiol 1995, 78:212-216. 14. Onrot J, Goldberg MR and Hollister AS. Management of chronic orthostatic hypotension. Am J Med 1986, 80:454-464. 15. Paul S, Zygmunt D and Haile V. Chronic orthostatic hypotension. Compr Ther 1988, 14:58-65. 16. Pongiglione G, Fish FA, Strasburger JF and Benson DW. Heart rate and blood pressure response to upright tilt in young patients with unexplained syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990, 16: 165-170. 17. Sampson EE, Burnham RS and Andrews BJ. Function electrical stimulation effect on orthostatic hypotension after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000, 81:139-143. 18. Schatz IJ. Orthostatic hypotension. I. Functional and neurogenic causes. Arch Intern Med 1984, 144:773-777. 19. Theodorakis G, Kremastinos D and Avrambos G. Heart rate variability in patients with vasovagal syndrome. PACE 1992, 15:2221-2225. 20. Tompkins WJ. ECG QRS Detection.” Biomedical digital signal processing: C-Language Examples and Laboratory Experiments for the IBM PC. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1993, 236-263. 21. Wall, BM, Runyan KR, Williams HH, Bobal MA, Crofton JT, Share L and Cooke CR. Characteristics of vasopressin release during controlled reduction in arterial pressure. J Lab Clin Med 1994, 124:554-563. Chapter 5 1. Johnson RH and Park DM. Effect of change of posture on blood pressure and plasm renin concentration in men with spinal transections. Clin Sci 1973, 44:539-46. 2. Engel P and Hildebrandt G. Long-term studies about orthostatic training after high spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1976, 14:159-64. 3. Gonzalez F, Chang JY, Banovac K, Messina D, Martinez-Arizala A and Kelley RE. Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in patients with orthostatic hypotension after spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1991, 29:1-7. 4. Mukai S and Hayano J. Heart rate and blood pressure variabilities during graded head-up tilt. J Appl Physiol 1995, 78:212-6. 5. Wall, BM, Runyan KR, Williams HH, Bobal MA, Crofton JT, Share L and Cooke CR. Characteristics of vasopressin release during controlled reduction in arterial pressure. J Lab Clin Med 1994, 124:554-63. 6. Sampson EE, Burnham RS and Andrews BJ. Function electrical stimulation effect on orthostatic hypotension after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000, 81:139-43. 7. Liu DS, Chang WH, Wong AMK, Chen SC, Lin KP and Lai CH. Relationships between physiological responses and presyncope symptoms during tilting up in patients with spinal cord injury. Med Biol Eng Comput 2008, 46:681-8. 8. Cariga P, Ahmed S, Mathias CJ and Gardner BP. The prevalence and association of neck (coat-hanger) pain and orthostatic (postural) hypotension in human spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2002, 40:77-82. 9. Schatz IJ. Orthostatic hypotension. II. Clinical Diagnosis, Testing, and Treatment. Arch Intern Med. 1984, 144:1037-41. 10. Olaf BP, Svend S and Lars E. Cerebral Autoregulation. Cerebrovascular Brain Metab Rev 1990, 2:161-92. 11. Lipsitz LA. Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1989, 321:952-7. 12. Paul S, Zygmunt D and Haile V. Chronic orthostatic hypotension. Compr Ther 1988, 14:58-65. 13. Schatz IJ. Orthostatic hypotension. I. Functional and neurogenic causes. Arch Intern Med 1984, 144:773-7. 14. Figoni SF. Cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses to tilting and to standing in tetraplegic patients: a review. Paraplegia 1984, 22:99-109. 15. Illman A, Stiller K and Williams M. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension during physiotherapy treatment in patients with an acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2000, 38:741-7. 16. Houtman S, Colier WNJM, Oeseburg B and Hopman MTE. Systemic circulation and cerbral oxygenation during head-up tilt in spinal cord injured individuals. Spinal Cord 2000, 38:158-63.
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