跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(18.97.14.86) 您好!臺灣時間:2025/02/12 12:43
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:陳姝樺
研究生(外文):Shu-Hua Chen
論文名稱:從台灣英語教育政策以及新媒體環境發展探討大學生英語學習動機的現實
論文名稱(外文):The Reality Behind College Students' Motivation to Learn English Considering Taiwan's English Education Policy and Recent Developments in the New Media Environment
指導教授:Petra Rehling
指導教授(外文):Petra Rehling
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:大葉大學
系所名稱:應用外語研究所
學門:人文學門
學類:外國語文學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2009
畢業學年度:97
語文別:英文
論文頁數:179
中文關鍵詞:全球化文化研究新媒體英語學習動機教育改革
外文關鍵詞:Cultural StudiesGlobalisationNew MediaMotivation to EnglishEducational Reform
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:3
  • 點閱點閱:968
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:3
在資訊經濟的時代,新媒體與英語學習間存在著互相依附的關係。有鑑於近年來台灣政府對大學生英語教育的重視與英語能力的強調,從十年教育改革政策、 發展全民英檢、 設立英語畢業門檻,以及營造英語環境等等的努力,來提升學生的英語程度,還是未見台灣學生的英語能力有明顯提升;本研究試圖以文化研究以及社會學的角度,探討全球化浪潮中多媒體的應用。從文化、政治,以及教育環境面向,來分析台灣面對全球化效應帶來的挑戰、競爭與合作的潛在能力。以英語為全球語的認知,此研究檢視大學生的英語教育,從英語教學媒體的使用、學生在教育制度下的學習成果、學習動機,以及學生在校內外英語學習的態度之間的關係進行探討。研究調查以隨機抽樣的方式,選出37所大學,共160名的大學生進行問卷調查及訪談;共計獲得有效問卷157份,其中16位大學生接受訪談,研究者另外訪問三位教育學者對此發表專業意見。調查訪談結果顯示,大部分的學生贊同畢業門檻的實施,但也認為此項政策只能有限地影響學習動機以及學習效果;另一項結果並指出,大部分的大學生認同多媒體能提升學習興趣以及學習成效, 然而,以全球化的角度來看,學生對於多媒體的應用明顯不足,尤其是在學習方面。
以國際教育發展的現況觀之,台灣目前的語言教育政策、語言課程、教學方法,以及新媒體的利用,需要由決策者和教育者嚴謹地規劃,共同創造未來更完善的學習環境。
In the information age, it is often argued that English education and “new media” technology depend on each other, especially in a time of accelerated processes of globalization. During the last decade, the Taiwan government has placed great importance on the reinforcement of English education, starting with the educational reform in 1994 and continuing with the implementation of GEPT and English graduation requirements in higher education. All of these policies were employed in order to develop students’ general English proficiency. This research probes into recent trends in globalization and worldwide multimedia usage, based in cultural and sociological studies. By analyzing the cultural, political and educational environment this thesis desires to evaluate Taiwan’s potential to face economic challenges, competitiveness and collaboration, in the global arena. Through acknowledging the importance of English as a “global language”, this study analyses the present English education environment on the tertiary level. Taiwanese college students' English-language media use together with their responses toward educational policies, their motivation, in-class learning behaviour, and autonomous learning is hereby taken into consideration.
A random sample of 157 college students from 37 colleges was taken. Questionnaires and semi-structured interview questions were employed for the qualitative part of this study. One publisher and two educators also contributed to this research in interviews. The results show that a majority of students agree that there is a necessity for the governmental English graduation requirements, but they also believe that it has a limited effect on their motivation and learning outcomes. The findings of this study indicate that students recognize how multimedia English courses help to improve their English skills and cultivate personal interests; however, the results also imply that, measured by global standards, students’ both formal and informal multimedia usage in Taiwan still appears to be quite inefficient when it comes to learning. On an international basis, current trends and concepts in education suggest that EFL language policies, language curricula, teaching strategies and the utilization of new media applications need to be well designed by policymakers and educators to create better learning environments for the future.
AUTHORIZATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
CHINESE ABSTRACT vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
LIST OF TABLES xiv

Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Motivation 4
1.2 Statement of Purpose 5
1.3 Research Questions 6
1.4 Limitations of the Class Survey 8
1.5 Organisation of the Thesis 9
Chapter II. LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.1 Cultural Studies and New Media Theory 10
2.1.1 Define Cultural Studies 10
2.1.2 New media theory 11
2.1.3 New Media Literacy 13
2.2 Motivation and Autonomy in Second Language Acquisition 14
2.2.1 Gardner’s Socio-Educational Model 15
2.2.2 Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory 15
2.2.3 Autonomy 16
2.3 The Graduation Requirement Test in Tertiary Level 17
2.3.1 Problems of the Policy 17
2.3.2 Positive Impact of the Policy 20
2.3.3 Students’ Motivation and Attitude toward the Policy 20
2.4 Multimedia Assisted Language Learning 21
2.4.1 Advantages of Multimedia Technologies in EFL Context 22
2.4.2 Disadvantages of Multimedia Technologies in EFL context 23
2.5 Government Policies 24
2.5.1 The Challenge 2008: National Development Plan 24
2.5.2 Policy White Paper on Media Literacy Education 26
Chapter III. METHODOLOGY 28
3.1 Research Design 28
3.2 Participants 30
3.3 Instrumentation 32
3.3.1 Paper-Based Questionnaire 32
3.3.2 Internet-Based Questionnaire 33
3.3.3 Interview Questions 33
3.4 Procedure 34
3.5 Data Collection and Analysis 35
Chapter IV. THE LANGUAGE OF THE FUTURE 37
4.1 English as a Global Language 37
4.1.1 Globalisation 38
4.1.2 What Makes a Global Language? 40
4.1.3 English in Other Asian Countries 41
4.2 The Principles of a New Media Society 46
4.2.1 The Internet 47
4.2.2 Multimedia and Its Use in Education 48
4.2.3 Open source 50
4.2.4 Global Economy 52

Chapter V. ENGLISH IN EDUCATION AND SOCIETY IN TAIWAN 55
5.1 The Role of the Government and Parents in English Education 55
5.1.1 Parental Expectations 56
5.1.2 Educational Reforms 58
5.1.3 The Implementations of GEPT and the Graduation Requirement 61
5.1.4 Problems 68
5.2 English in Higher Education/Tertiary Level 70
5.2.1 English Curriculum 70
5.2.2 English Performance 74
5.2.3 Problems 78
5.3 English Environmental Developments in Taiwanese Society 79
5.3.1 Available Language Learning Channels 79
5.3.2 English Activities in Schools 79
5.3.3 Government Actions and Achievements 81
Chapter VI. THE NEW MEDIA ENVIRONMENT IN TAIWAN 83
6.1 The Application of New Media in the Higher Education Curriculum 83
6.1.1 Television/ Film 85
6.1.2 Video/ Online Games 86
6.1.3 Group E-Mailing/ Chatroom Discussions 86
6.1.4 Videoconferencing 87
6.1.5 Distance Education 87
6.1.6 Blogging 87
6.1.7 Podcasting 88
6.1.8 Cell Phones 89
6.2 Findings for the College Students' Media Consumption in Formal Education 89
6.2.1 Teaching and Learning Strategies in English Multimedia Classes 89
6.2.2 Problems 92
6.3 Advancing Media Environments 93
6.4 Findings for the college students’ Out of School Media Consumption 95
6.4.1 Students Motivation in Using New Media 95
6.4.2 Frequency and Preference in Using New Media for Learning 96
6.4.3 Problems 98
6.5 Student Evaluation of New Media Applications 100
6.5.1 Disadvantages of Using New Media for Autonomous Learning 100
6.5.2 The Advantages of Using New Media for Autonomous Learning 103
Chapter VII. CONCLUSION 105
7.1 Review and Discussion of Research Results 105
7.1.1 Current English Education Situations in Taiwan 105
7.1.2 How Students Incorporate New Media Applications into Their English Learning 108
7.2 Suggestions 110
7.3 Recommendations for Further Research 111

REFERENCES 113
CHINESE REFERENCE 130
Appendix A: A Questionnaire of Learner Motivation and Behavior Affected by the Graduation Requirement Tests and Multimedia Learning Environment (Chinese Version) 133
Appendix B: A Questionnaire of Learner Motivation and Behavior Affected by the Graduation Requirement Tests and Multimedia Learning Environment (English Version) 138
Appendix C: Interview Questions for Students 144
Appendix D: Interview Questions and Transcription of the Former Web Content Manager of Studio Classroom, Mr. Gareth Morgan (Edited Version) 146

Appendix E: Interview Questions and Transcription of the Multimedia English Teacher 154
Appendix F: Interview Questions and Transcription of the GEPT Remedy course Teacher 158
Appendix G: A Statistic Report of Students Questionnaire Responses 161











LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Portfolio for 157 Participants......................................................................30
Table 3.2: Portfolio for 16 Interviewees.......................................................................31
Table 5.1: The Reference List of English graduation Requirement Tests................... 65
Table 5.2: Graduation requirement test improves motivation to English learning......68
Table 6.1: Numbers of media before and after 1987....................................................94
Table 6.2: Frequency rank and Satisfactory Degree of Media Usage..........................98
REFERENCES

(AIMS)Advisory Council on the Impact of New Media on Society. (2008). Engaging New Media – Challenging Old Assumptions. Singapore: Author. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www.aims.org.sg/library/docs/AIMSReport-AllResponses.pdf
AMLA (2001). Alliance for a Media Literate America: Founding Declaration. Retrieved Feb 16, 2004, from http://www.medialit.org/reading_room/article390.html
Austin, T. & Doust, R. (2007). New Media Design. London: Laurence King.
Bell, D. (1973). The coming of post-industrial society: a venture in social forecasting. NY: Basic Books.
Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and Researching Autonomy in Language Learning. Harlow: Longman/Pearson Education.
Berwick, R., & Ross, S. (1989). Motivation after Matriculation: Are Japanese learners of English Still Alive after Exam Hell? JALT Journal, 11(2), 193-210.
Blackmore, J. (2000). Globalization: a useful concept for feminists rethinking theory and strategies in education? In N.C. Burbules & C.A. Torres (Eds.), Globalization and education: critical perspectives (pp. 133-155). New York: Rutledge.
Bork, A. (2001). What is Needed for Effective Learning on the Internet? Educational Technology & Society, 4(3). Retrieved December 17, 2008, from http://www.ifets.info/journals/4_3/bork.html
Buckingham, D. (2002). The electronic generation? Children and new media. In L.
Lievrouw and S. Livingstone (eds.). Handbook of New Media. London, Sage.
Buckingham, D. (2003). Media education: literacy, learning and contemporary culture. Cambridge: Polity.
Buckingham, D. (2006a). New Media, New Childhoods? Children’s changing cultural environment in the age of digital technology. Paper Presented at “After the Death of Childhood?” Children and Media Conference, Taipei Municipal University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan. December 19-20, 2006. In the Conference Proceedings, pp. 13-28.
Buckingham, D. (2006b). Children and Media: A Cultural Studies Approach. Paper Presented at “After the Death of Childhood?” Children and Media Conference, Taipei Municipal University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan. December 19-20, 2006. In the Conference Proceedings, pp. 69-93.
Brooks, K (2008). An impossible passion: young people, contemporary popular culture and reading. Curriculum Leadership Journal 6(7). Retrieved December 22, 2008, from http://www.curriculum.edu.au/leader/an_impossible_passion,22715.html?issueID=11296
Carey, K. (2007, July 9). Built to Teach. Washington Monthly, Retrieved October 30, 2008, from http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2007/0709.careycascadia.html
Casey, C. A. (2007, September 22). The Cult of the Amateur. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from Academic Commons Web site: http://www.academiccommons.org/commons/review/cult-of-the-amateur
Chambers, G. (1993). Taking the ‘de’ out of demotivation. Language Learning Journal 7, 13–16.
Chang, W. C. (2007). Challenges to English Education at the College/ University Level (I). Speech Presented at the Symposium on Globalization: Local Approaches toward Internationalization, Taipei, Taiwan. October 5-6, 2007. Retrieved October 30, 2008, from http://glocalization.tier.org.tw/s4_3.ppt
Chang, Y. P. (2004). The way of English as a foreign language teaching in Taiwan. Journal of National Taichung Teachers College, 18(1), 79-90.
Chen, A. S. W. & Liu, G. Z. (2007). The Impact of English Exit Policy on Motivation and Motivated Learning Behaviors. Paper Presented at the 24th International Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the Republic of China, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. May 5-6, 2007. In the Conference Proceedings, pp. 104-110.
Chen, C. Y. (2005). A Decade of Changes in the English Ability of University Freshmen in Taiwan. Unpublished Mater’s Thesis, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Chiang, H. L. (2007). Creating a Rich English Environment in Colleges of Taiwan. English Education and Inter-discipline Learning. pp. 108-131.
Chiquito, A. B., Meskill, C., et al. (1997). Multiple, Mixed, Malleable Media. In M. D. Bush & R. M. Terry (Eds.). Technology-enhanced language learning (pp. 47-76). Illinois: National Textbook Company.
Chou, C. P. &Ho, A. H. (2007). Schooling in Taiwan. In G. Postinglione (Ed.). Going to School in East Asia. N.Y.: Greenwood. Retrieved August 18, 2008, from http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~iaezcpc/Going%20to%20School%20in%20East%20Asia%20--%20SCHOOLING%20IN%20TAIWAN.htm
Chou, H. C. (2007). Shiue Yu Yen Shih Yin Wei Ai. In C. Wu, Y. J. & He, C. Y. (Eds.), Jiao Chu Ying Yu Li (pp. 315-318). Taipei: CommonWealth Magazine.
Chuang, W. T. & Hsu, A, Y. (2006). Washback Effects of the General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) on English Education in Taiwan. New Aspects of English Language Teaching and Learning. Taipei: Crane.
Clément, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noel, K. (1994). Motivation, self-confidence, and group cohesion in the foreign language classroom. Language Learning (44), 417-448.
Costello, M. (2008). Embracing the global lingua franca. Taiwan Journal, 25 (48), Retrieved December 11, 2008, from http://taiwanjournal.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?CtNode=122&xItem=44580
Creeber, G. (ed.) (2006). Tele-Visions: An Introduction to Studying Television. London: British Film Institute.
Crookes, G.. & Schmidt, R. W. (1991). Motivation: Reopening the research agenda. Language Learning, 41(4), 469-512.
Crystal, D. (1997). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Csizér, K., & Dörnyei, Z. (2005). Language learners' motivational profiles and their motivated learning behaviour. Language Learning, 55(4), 613-659.
Daniel, A. (2000). English in India. Retrieved October 13, 2007, from adaniel's info site Web site: http://adaniel.tripod.com/Languages3.htm
Donaghy, K. (2005). Using the Internet to Motivate Learners. Retrieved March 17, 2008, from http://www.e-mesh.com/members/teachers/pdf/tc_art_CALL003.pdf
Dörnyei, Z. (1990). Conceptualizing motivation in foreign-language learning. Language Learning, 40/1, 45-78.
Dörnyei, Z. (1994). Motivation and motivating in the foreign language classroom. Modern Language Journal, 78: 273-284.
Dörnyei, Z. (1998). Motivation in Second and Foreign Language learning. Language Teaching, 31: 117-135.
Dörnyei, Z. (2003). Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning:
Advances in theory, research, and applications: Blackwell Synergy.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in
second language acquisition: L. Erlbaum.
Downes, S. (2001). Autonomous Learning. Retrieved February 8, 2009, from Stephen’s Web Web site: http://www.downes.ca/post/273
Drotner, Kirsten (2001). Medier for Fremtiden – børn, unge og det nye medielandskab. Høst & Søn, Copenhagen, Denmark.
D’Silva, Reginald. (2006). Reading by bits and bytes: the use of computer reading software in classrooms. English Quarterly, 38(4), pp15–26.
Ehrman, M. E., & Oxford, R. L. (1995). Cognition plus: Correlates of language learning Success. The Modern Language Journal, 79(1), 67-89.
Elder, C. & Wigglesworth, G. (Eds.). (1996). The language testing cycle: From inception to washback (Series S. No 13). Australia: Applied Linguistics Association of Australia.
English Education in Hong Kong. (2005). Retrieved October 22, 2008, from Der Keiler: http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.korean/2005-11/msg00055.html
Executive Yuan (2005). Action Plan for Creating an English-friendly Living Environment. Retrieved January 3, 2007, from http://www.bless.nat.gov.tw/Files/2008111916625.pdf
Fedorov, A. (2003). Media Education and Media literacy: Experts’ Opinions. In: MENTOR. A Media Education Curriculum for Teachers in the Mediterranean. Paris: UNESCO.
Fidler, R. (2002). Principles of Mediamorphosis. In Bucy, E.P. (ed.), Living in the Information Age: A New Media Reader (pp. 21-30). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Friedman, T. L. (2000). The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization. New York: Anchor Books.
Friedman, T. L. (2006). The World is Flat: The Globalized World in the Twenty-First Century. London: Penguin.
Gan, Z., Humphreys, G., & Hamp-Lyons, L. (2004). Understanding Successful and Unsuccessful EFL Students in Chinese Universites. The Modern Language Journal 88 (2), 230-243.
Gardner, R. C. (1960). Motivational Variables in Second-Language Acquisition. Unpublished dissertation, Graduate Studies and Research of McGill University.
Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social Psychology and second language learning: The role of attitude and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.
Gardner, R.C. & Lambert, W. E. (1959). Motivation variables in second language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 13, 266-272.
Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second-language learning. Rowley: Newbury House Publishers.
Gates, S. (1995). Exploiting washback from standardized tests. In J. D. Brown & S. O.
Gong, B. (2002). Comparative Studies of GEPT and PET in Taiwan and China. In English Teachers’ Association / ROC (Ed.), Selected Papers from the Eleventh International Symposium on English Teaching / Fourth Pan Asian Conference (pp. 318-327). Taipei: Crane.
Gong, B. (2004a). A critical study of evaluation standards for current college ELT programs in Taiwan and Mainland. Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on ELT in China, Beijing, China.
Gong, B. (2004b). A need for a unified assessment of college English language programs-some theoretical and practical considerations for quality ELT in Taiwan. Innovation and Management, 1(1), 167-182.
Gonick, L. S. (2006). New Media and Learning in the 21st Century. Educause Review, January/February, 68-69. Retrieved September 26, 2007, from http://www.edu.tw/MOECC/content.aspx?site_content_sn=5286
Graddol, D. (2006). English Next. British Council, online pdf edition. Retrieved August 27, 2008, from http://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-research-english-next.pdf
Gupta, A.F. (2004). Singapore English. Retrieved September 26, 2007, from University of Leeds: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/english/staff/afg/singeh2.html
Gutierrez Martin, A. (1996) Educacion Multimedia y Nuevas Tecnologias. Madrid. Ediciones de la Torre.
Hawk, B. (2008). New Media Theory. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from http://www.parlorpress.com/newmediatheory.html
Her, J. H. (2007). The Globalization of English: Its Impact on English Language Education in the Tertiary Education Sector in Taiwan. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Applied Linguistics, The University of Waikato, New Zealand.
Hirsch, M. (2007, August 1). `Village' shows strength of English. Taipei Times. Page 2. Retrieved September 5, 2008, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2007/08/01/2003372218
Ho, Meng-Ching. (1998). Culture Studies and Motivation in Foreign and Second Language Learning in Taiwan. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 11 (2), 165-182.
Horwitz, E.K., Horwitz, M. B. and Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.
Hsu, L.N. & Wang, P.L. (2006). A Study on English Graduation Threshold and English Learning Motivation. Journal of National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Vol. 35, pp.51-68.
Hu, C. (2008, September 21). Taiwan’s mediocre results in English tests raise concerns. TaipeiTimes. Page 2. Retrieved March 5, 2009, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/21/2003423816
Huang, C. L. (2006). A Study of the Washback Effects of the Elementary Level General English Proficiency Test on EFL Teaching and Learning [Abstract]. Unpublished Mater’s Thesis, National Yunlin University, Taiwan. Retrieved from Electronic Theses and Dissertations System.
Huang, S. (2008. September 21). Internet addiction growing among young Taiwanese. TaipeiTimes. Page 2. Retrieved November 11, 2008, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/21/2003423818
Huang, S. Y. (2005). Taiwanese Students Talk About English in Taiwan and Their Lives. Languages, Communities, and Education, pp. 45-54. Society for International Education. Teachers College. Columbia University.
Hutchby, I., & Moran-Ellis, J. (2001). Introduction: relating children, technology and culture. In I. Hutchby & J. Moran-Ellis (Eds.) Children, technology and culture. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
Hughes, A. (2003). Testing for language teachers (2nd ed.). Cambridge: New York : Cambridge University Press.
Jenkins, H. (1992). Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture. New York: Routledge.
Jenkins, H. (2006a). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press.
Jenkins, H. (2006b). Eight Traits of the New Media Landscape. Retrieved February 13, 2009, from Confessions of an Aca-Fan: The Official Weblog of Henry Jenkins: http://www.henryjenkins.org/2006/11/eight_traits_of_the_new_media.html
Johnson, R., Chambers, P. R., & Tincknell, E. (2004). The Practice of Cultural Studies. London: Sage.
Jung, S. K. & Norton, B. (2002). Language planning in Korea: The new elementary English program. In J. W. Tollefson (Ed.), Language policies in education: Critical issues (pp. 245-266). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Kaohsiung Municipal Bureau of Education (2008). The Statistics of All Cities and Counties Short-Term Busiban. Retrieved December 15, 2008, from All Cities and Counties Short-Term Busiban Information Management System Web site: http://bsb.edu.tw/afterschool/html/statistics.html
Kay, S. (2006). English as a Global Language, RIT: Digital Media Library, College of Liberal Arts. Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://hdl.handle.net/1850/1937
Keen, B (editor) (2002). Wireless, Interactive TV and Onliner Gaming – Market assessment and forecasts. Screen Digest, London.
Kelm, O. R. (1992). The use of synchronous computer networks in second language instruction: A preliminary report. Foreign Language Annals, 25, 441- 454.
Kerby, S (2005a). Globalization (For OMDE 626). Retrieved July 9, 2008, from Steve Kerby’s OMDE Portfolio Web site: http://www.stevekerby.com/omde_626/globalization.htm
Kerby, S. (2005b). Distance Education and Online Teaching and Learning in American Higher Education (For OMDE 670). Retrieved July 9, 2008, from Steve Kerby's OMDE Portfolio Web site: http://www.stevekerby.com/portfolio/final_project.html
Kern, R. G. (1995). Restructuring classroom interaction with networked computers: Effects on quantity and characteristics of language production. The Modern Language Journal, 79(4), 457-476.
Khlyzova, N. (2008). Multimedia as leading means of media education at teaching English to linguistic university students. International journal of experimental education (3), p. 93.
Kirriemuir, J. & McFarlane, A. (2004). Literature review in games and learning. Bristol: Nestafuturelab. Retrieved November 22, 2008, from http://www.futurelab.org.uk/resources/documents/lit_reviews/Games_Review.pdf
Krashen, S. (2003). Dealing with English Fever. Selected Papers from the Twelfth International Symposium on English Teaching and Learning, English Teachers’ Association/ ROC, Taipei: Crane, pp. 100-108.
Laurillard, D. (1993). Rethinking university teaching: A framework for the effective use of educational technology. London: Routeledge.
Lázaro, N. & Reinders, H. (2006). Technology in self-access: an evaluative framework. PacCALL Journal 1(2), 21-30.
Levinson, P. (2006). The little big blender: How the cellphone integrates the digital and the physical, everywhere. In Kavoori & Arceneaux (Eds.). The Cell Phone Reader (pp. 9-17). New York: Peter Lang.
Lévy, P. (2003). The Collective Intelligence Game--A Project about Collective Learning and Understanding. Switch Journal, Retrieved October 19, 2008, from http://switch.sjsu.edu/nextswitch/switch_engine/front/front.php?artc=280
Lin, E. (2008, March 6). Looking at education. TaipeiTimes. Page 8. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2008/03/06/2003404288/wiki
Lin, M. G. & Lee, M. M. (2007). E-Learning Localized: The Case of the OOPS Project. In: Edmundson, A. (Ed.) (2007). Globalized E-Learning, Cultural Challenges (pp. 168-186). U.S: Idea Group.
Lin, T. B. (2006). Media, consumerism, children and educational policy: a case study of Taiwan’s media education policy. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on pluridisciplinary perspectives on child and teen consumption. Copenhagen, Denmark: Copenhagen Business School.
Little, D. (1996). Freedom to learn and compulsion to interact: promoting learner autonomy through the use of information systems and information technologies. In R. Pemberton & E.S.L. Li & W.W.F. Or & H.D. Pierson (Eds.), Taking Control: Autonomy in Language Learning (pp. 193-209). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Livingstone, S. (2001). Children on-line: emerging uses of the internet at home. Journal of the IBTE (Institute of British Telecommunications Engineers), 2(1), 1-7.
Livingstone, S. (2002). Young People and New Media: Childhood and the Changing Media Environment. London: Sage.
Looms, P. O. (2002). Sailing into Uncharted Waters - The impact of new media use on education, paper delivered at ASCILITE Conference 2002. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http://www.unitec.ac.nz/ascilite/proceedings/papers/key_looms.pdf
Malhotra, S. (1999). The privatization of television in India: Implications of new technologies for gender, nation and culture. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Communication and Journalism, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.
Manovich, L. (2001). The Language of New Media. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Martinez-Ortiz, Ivan. & Pablo Moreno-Ger, et al. (2006). Production and Development of Educational Videogames as Assessable Learning Objects. In W. Neidl & K. Tochtermann (Eds.), Innovative Approaches for Learning and Knowledge Sharing (pp.316-330). Proceedings of the First European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, Crete, Greece, October 2006. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Melamed, C. (2007, August 5). Letters: English-only education. Taipei Times. Page 8.
Mélitz, J. (1999). English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare, CEPR Discussion Papers 2055, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. Retrieved November 2, 2007, from http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055
MOE. (2002). The white paper on media literacy education. Taipei: MOE.
Morsalin, M.S. (2008). Dangers of a Global Language. Retrieved September 12, 2008, fromhttp://www.articlesbase.com/languages-articles/dangers-of-a-global-language-470245.html
Nakata, Y. (2007). Exploring the links between motivation, autonomy, and experience in foreign language learning. Retrieved September 12, 2008, from http://ila2007.blogspot.com/2007/10/exploring-links-between-motivation.html
Nash, T. (2005). Thoughts on an English Exit Exam. Electronic Journal of English Education, (14). Retrieved August 27, 2008, from http://ejee.ncu.edu.tw/issues/2005-03issues4-2.html
Ngoc, H. T. B. (2005). Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computer Technology in Language Teaching. Retrieved February 6, 2008, from http://www.englishtime.us/learningenglish/learningenglish.aspx?id=d2
Norris-Holt, J. (2001). Motivation as a contributing factor in second language acquisition. The Internet TESL Journal 7, 1-6. Retrieved 04/13/08 from http://iteslj.org/Articles/Norris-Motivation.
Ohmae, K. (2005). The next global stage: Challenges and opportunities in our borderless world. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Wharton School Publishing.
Olcott, D. & Wright, S. J. (1995). An institutional support framework for increasing faculty participation in postsecondary distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 9(3), 5-17.
Oladejo, J. (2003). Towards a cohesive national language education policy in Taiwan. In D. V. Rau, F. Y. Wang, & O. M. H. Chen (Eds.), Proceedings of 2003 International Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the Republic of China (pp. 203-214). Providence University, Taiwan.
Oswell, D. (2002). Television, Childhood and the Home: A History of the Making of the Child Television Audience in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Oxford, R. L. (1994). Where are we with language learning motivation? Modern Language Journal 78:512-14.
Oxford, R. L. & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework. Modern Language Journal 78:12-28.
Pan, H. L., & Yu, C. (1999). Educational reforms and their impacts on school effectiveness and improvement in Taiwan, R.O.C. School Effectiveness and Improvement, 10(1), 72-85.
Petrova, K. (2003). Does Motivation Trigger Autonomy, or Vice Versa? Retrieved September 13, 2008, from http://129.3.20.41/eps/game/papers/0510/0510004.pdf
Phipps, G. (2005, March 6). Turning fantasy into a reality that helps others. Taipei Times. Page 18. Retrieved September 2, 2008, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2005/03/06/2003225764
Prodromou, L. (1995). The Backwash Effect: From Testing to Teaching. ETL Journal 49(1), 13-25. Retrieved November 19, 2008, from http://eltj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/49/1/13.pdf
Rantanen, T. (2005). The Media and Globalization. London: Sage.
Rau, P. C. (2000). Communicative Approach. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://en.tp.edu.tw/teachmethod/commun.htm
ROC Educational Reform. (MOE, 2002). Retrieved November 10, 2008, from The Republic of China Year Book―Taiwan 2002. Web site: http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/2002/chpt17-3.htm#27
Roever, C., Pan,Y. C. (2008). GEPT: General English Proficiency Test. Language Testing, 25 (3), 403–418.
Servaes, J. (2000). Walking on the other side of the Information Highway: Communication, culture and development in the 21st Century. Malaysia: Southbound.
Silverman, D. (2001). Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for Analysing Talk, Text and Interaction (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
Singhal, M. (1998). Computer mediated communication (CMC): Technology for enhancing foreign language/culture education. The English Teacher, 2(3), 36-45.
Sommers, S. (2007). Taiwan's Transition into a Global Economy. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from http://scottsommers.blogs.com/taiwanweblog/2007/12/taiwans-transit.html
Spencer, K. (1999). Educational Technology – An Unstoppable Force: a selective review of research into the effectiveness of educational media. Educational Technology & Society 2(4). Retrieved January 3, 2007, from http://www.ifets.info/journals/2_4/spencer.html
Steven, P. (2004). The No-Nonsense Guide to Global Media. London: Verso.
Stevenson, N. (2002). Understanding Media Cultures: Social Theory and Mass Communication (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
Stewart, D. (2001). Film English: Using Films to ‘Teach’ Conversation. Seminar on College English, National Central University, Taiwan.
Su, S. W. (2005). Graduation Threshold of English Competency: A Needs Analysis from the Perspective of Technological Institute Students. Educational Review, 24, 47-66.
Su, H. H. & Lin, T. Y. (2008). An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Freshman English Placement Test at a University of Technology in Taiwan. Chaoyang Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(1), 221-242.
Sullivan, N., and Pratt, E. (1996). A comparative study of two ESL writing environments: A computer-assisted classroom and a traditional oral classroom. System, 24(4), 491-501.
Taiwan Behind in English Proficiency, Paper Reports. (2007, August 22). Taipei Times. Retrieved November 23, 2008, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2007/08/22/2003375273
Talja, S. (1999). Analyzing qualitative interview data: the discourse analytic method. Library and Information Science Research, 21 (4), pp.459-77.
Tapscott, D. (1998a). Growing Up Digital: The Rise of the Net Generation. New York: McGraw Hill.
Tapscott, D. (1998b). The Net Generation. Retrieved November 24, 2008, from Growing Up Digital: http://www.growingupdigital.com/FLecho.html
Tapscott, D. & Williams, A. D. (2007). Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. London: Atlantic Books.
Tiangco, J.A.N. (2005). Using contemporary Psychological Perspectives in Re-Understanding Taiwanese EFL Development: Observation and Implications for Tertiary Education. Asian EFL Journal, 7 (1), 1-38.
Time to review educational reforms. (2007, November 30). The China Post. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www.chinapost.com.tw/editorial/taiwan%20issues/2007/11/30/133024/Time-to.htm
Tinker, R., Horwitz, P., Bannasch, S., Staudt, C. & Vincent, C (2007). Teacher Uses of Highly Mobile Technologies: Probes and Podcasts. Educational Technology. 47(3), 16-21.
Tobias, S. & Fletcher, J.D. (2007). What Research Has to Say About Designing Computer Games for Learning. Educational Technology, 47(5), 20-27.
Tryon, G.S. (1980). The Measurement and Treatment of Test Anxiety. Review of Educational Research, 50, 343-372.
Tu, J. W. (2007, December 14). How to assess educational reform. TaipeiTimes. Page 8. Retrieved October 28, 2008, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2007/12/14/2003392506
Van Vliet, P. J. & Specht, P. (1998). Comprehension and Retention Effects of Distinct Multimedia Levels: A comparison. Journal of Computer Information System, 38, 14.
Vi, V. T. (2005). Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computer Network Technology in Language Teaching, T¹p chÝ Khoa häc ®hqghn, ngo¹i ng÷, T.xxI, Sè 2, Retrieved November 25, 2006, from http://js.vnu.edu.vn/Ngoaingu_2/Bai7.pdf
Yiu, C. (2003, November 7). Students' English disappoints. Taipei Times, p. 2. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/11/07/2003074896
Wake, J. D., Dysthe, O., & Mjelstad, S. (2007). New and changing teacher roles in a digital age. Educational Technology & Society, 10(1), pp. 40-51.
Wang, C. T. (2005). Trends and Issues in Pluralistic Educational Reform. Journal of Educational Research and Development, 1 (2), 1-17.
Wang, Y. H. (2003). English trend, English craze. The Educator Monthly, 428, 0-3.
Warschauer, M. (1996). Comparing face-to-face and electronic discussion in the second language classroom. CALICO Journal, 13(2), 7-26.
Warschauer, M. (1999). Electronic Literacies: Language, Culture and Power in On-line Education. Mahwah, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
White, C. (2003). Language Learning in Distance Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Woods, D. (2005). What Is Open Source. Retrieved September 17, 2008, from ONLamp.com: http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/onlamp/2005/09/15/what-is-opensource.html#differing_definitions
Wolff, J. (1999). Cultural Studies and the Sociology of Culture. Invisible Culture: An Electronic Journal for Visual Studies, 1. Retrieved February 2, 2009, from http://www.rochester.edu/in_visible_culture/issue1/wolff/wolff.html
Worsnop, C. (1999). Screening images: Ideas for media education (2nd ed.). Missisauga, Ontario: Wright Communication.
Wu, W. S. (2004). Comparison of Web-Enhanced Learning Environments in an E-Learning Age. Paper presented at The Thirteenth International Symposium and Book Fair on English Teaching. Taipei: Crane Publishing. In the Conference Proceedings, pp. 659-668.
Wu, W. S. (2005). Web-based English learning and teaching in Taiwan: Possibilities and challenges. Paper presented at The First Hsiang-shan Area Intercollegiate International Conference on English Language Teaching, Chung Hua University, Hsuan Chuang University, and Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Taipei: Crane Publishing. (pp. 215-226).
Yen, S.C. & Hsin, C.A. (2006). Taiwanese Undergraduates’ Attitudes toward Graduation ELP Benchmark: A Pilot Study. Paper Presented at the 2006 Fundamental Academic Conference of ROC Military Academy and the General Studies in the Armed Forces Academies, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. May 26, 2006. In the Conference Proceedings, pp. 73-89.
Yiu, C. (2003, November 7). Students' English disappoints. Taipei Times, p. 2. Retrieved February 21, 2008, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/11/07/2003074896
Zhao, Y., Ed. (2005). Research in Technology and Second Language Education. Developments and Directions. Greenwhich, Connecticut: Information Age Publishing.
Ziguras, C. (2001). Education Technology in Transnational Higher Education in South Asia-The Cultural Politics of Flexible Learning. Educational Technology & Society 4 (4), 8-18.














CHINESE REFERENCES

Chang, J.C. & Tu, Y. L. 張仁家、凃雅玲(2007, November 6-7)。國內技專校院學生英語能力畢業門檻現況與省思。2007海峽兩岸高等技術與職業教育學術研討會。台中:朝陽科技大學。線上檢索日期:2008年6月28日。網址:http://www.cc.ntut.edu.tw/~jc5839/20071121b.pdf
Chang, J. C. & Young, T. S. 張仁家、楊泰雄(2007。美國 G-TELP 通用國際英語能力分級檢定工具信效度之研究-以臺北市(縣)為例。台北:中華民國學習與評量發展協會。
Chang, W. C. 張武昌 (2006)。台灣的英語教育:現況與省思。教育資料與研究雙月刊,69,129-144。
Chang, Y. J. 張月珍 (2003) 。 英語帝國的解構與再建構:網際網路全球化時代的語言文化政治。文山評論,1(5),105-126。
Chang, Y. P. 張玉佩 (2000)。網路閱聽人─主動∕批判∕自我展示 。當代,159,90~101。
Chao, S. H. 趙書珣 (2007, August 17)。大學生上網學習?還是玩樂?多工現象越來越普遍。線上檢索日期:2008年2月22日,網址:http://www.find.org.tw/find/home.aspx?page=news&id=4966
Chen, S. H. 陳淑惠(2002)。網路沉迷現象的心理需求與適應觀點研究(二):網路沉迷現象學生之心理治療研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
Chen, W. L. 陳文苓(2007)。歐洲語言學習架構 (CEFR) 教出跨文化溝通能力。載於何琦瑜、吳毓珍(主編),教出英語力,43-48。台北市:天下雜誌。
Li, C. C. 李振清 (2008, Febuary 20)。教育國際化趨勢中的英語文新展望 (上)。線上檢索日期:2008年4月3日,英語充電站網址:http://cc.shu.edu.tw/~cte/gallery/ccli/abc/abc_100_20080220_a.htm
Li, D. W. 李定瑋 (2005)。個人化廣播新媒介―Podcast之初探。網路社會學通訊期刊。第47期。上網日期:2008年2月2日,網址:http://www.nhu.edu.tw/~society/e-j/47/47-34.htm
Lin, F. C. 林芳志(2007)。「大學生你上網都在做什麼?」—淺談大學生網路使 用概況。數位島嶼電子報,16期。線上檢索日期: 2008年10月27日,網址:http://content.ndap.org.tw/main/epaper_detail.php?doc_id=1119&epaper_id=35
Lin, S. Z. 林上祚 (2007, May 9)。台灣大推手機學英文。中時電子報。線上檢索日期:2008年3月8日,網址:http://tech.chinatimes.com/2007Cti/2007Cti-News/Inc/2007cti-news-Tech-inc/Tech-Content/0,4703,12050905+112007050900268,00.html
MOE. 教育部 (2002)。媒體素養教育政策白皮書。線上檢索日期:2008年9月23日,網址: http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~floratien/gen_whitepaper.files/mediaequipment.pdf
MOE. 教育部 (2004) 。「九十三年度補助計畫期末報告-大學校院學生網路使用型態及其對學習與身心之影響」,線上檢索日期:2008年11月21日,網址: http://www.edu.tw/MOECC/content.aspx?site_content_sn=5286
Shen, Y. M. 沈毓敏 (2004)。溝通式英語課程規劃。通識教育年刊,第六期,161-176。
Shiau, Y. L. 蕭宜倫 (2008)。在台灣高等教育英語教學環境下的中外籍英文教師。 遠東學報, 25 (1),91-102。
Su, S. W. 蘇紹雯(2003)。技職院校英語檢定熱潮之審思。英語教育電子月刊。線上檢索日期:2008年2月22日,網址:http://ejee.ncu.edu.tw/teacherarticle/11-1.htm
Su, S. W. 蘇紹雯 (2007)。英檢系列講座。英語教學電子報English Teaching e-Monthly No.20。 教育部南區英語資源教學中心。
Tu, C. S. 杜正勝 (2005)。我國教育政策之現況與未來發展。技職簡訊,2-5。
Wen, M. C. 溫明正(2000)。跨世紀網路教學之探討。師友,6,10-16。
Wu, Y. J. & He, C. Y. 吳毓珍、何琦瑜 (2007)。敎出英語力。天下雜誌。
Zhang, M. J. & Kang, Y. J. 張茂娟、康永杰(2007)。有效使用英文電影達到文化語言雙收益。《電影評介》,2007卷,20期,74-75。
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top